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  1. Article ; Online: The Swedish version of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (s-MSES) - translation process and psychometric properties in a community setting.

    Mangold, Jasmin / Divanoglou, Anestis / Middleton, James W / Jörgensen, Sophie

    Spinal cord

    2024  Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 71–78

    Abstract: Study design: Psychometric study.: Objectives: To i) describe the translation process and ii) explore the data completeness, targeting, reliability and aspects of validity of the Swedish version of Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (s-MSES).: Settings: ... ...

    Abstract Study design: Psychometric study.
    Objectives: To i) describe the translation process and ii) explore the data completeness, targeting, reliability and aspects of validity of the Swedish version of Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (s-MSES).
    Settings: Community rehabilitation program.
    Methods: Ninety-two program participants and 42 peer mentors with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Active Rehabilitation training programs (enrolled in the International Project for the Evaluation of activE Rehabilitation (Inter-PEER)) were included. The s-MSES was completed online, once for program participants and twice for peer mentors. The translation process was based on guidelines and involved researchers, clinicians and consumers.
    Results: Minor linguistic adaptations were made. Ninety-one percent obtained a total score. As expected, peer mentors exhibited ceiling effects in all subscales. Cronbach´s alpha for the total scale was 0.92 (subscales 0.74-0.83). The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent for the total and subscale scores (0.78-0.91). The s-MSES exhibited sensitivity to changes and there were no systematic changes between evaluation points. The s-MSES correlated significantly and positively with life satisfaction and resilience, and negatively with depression/anxiety.
    Conclusion: The s-MSES was translated through a rigorous, consumer-involved process ensuring accurate linguistic translation and cultural adaptation. Our results support the data completeness, targeting, reliability and aspects of validity of the s-MSES. The s-MSES can thus be considered suitable to assess self-efficacy in persons with SCI in community rehabilitation settings. The now available Swedish version of the MSES will facilitate national research, clinical evaluations and international comparisons.
    Sponsorship: Not applicable.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation ; Self Efficacy ; Psychometrics/methods ; Sweden ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1316161-1
    ISSN 1476-5624 ; 1362-4393
    ISSN (online) 1476-5624
    ISSN 1362-4393
    DOI 10.1038/s41393-023-00948-5
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    Zs.A 198: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Coronary and carotid imaging of atherosclerosis and contributing factors in middle-aged people with long-term cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injuries.

    Hill, Mattias / Jörgensen, Sophie / Engström, Gunnar / Persson, Margaretha / Lexell, Jan

    PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 250–259

    Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in people aging with spinal cord injury (SCI) and is predominantly caused by atherosclerosis; however, knowledge of atherosclerosis in people with SCI is scarce.: Objective: To describe ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in people aging with spinal cord injury (SCI) and is predominantly caused by atherosclerosis; however, knowledge of atherosclerosis in people with SCI is scarce.
    Objective: To describe coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged people with long-term cervical and upper thoracic SCI using coronary computed tomography angiography, carotid ultrasound, and cardiovascular disease risk factors and to compare with the general population.
    Design: Cross-sectional study with matched controls.
    Setting: Outpatient SCI unit in southern Sweden.
    Participants: Participants (n = 25) in the Swedish SPinal Cord Injury Study on Cardiopulmonary and Autonomic Impairment (SPICA) (20% women, mean age 58 years, mean time since injury 28 years, injury levels C2-T6, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-C). Non-SCI controls (n = 125; ratio 5:1) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).
    Interventions: Not applicable.
    Main outcome measurements: Presence of coronary atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcium score, carotid plaques, carotid intima media thickness, blood pressure, lipids, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and anthropometry.
    Results: Coronary and carotid atherosclerotic plaques occurred in 44% of the participants, 67% of the controls exhibited coronary and 59% carotid plaques; odds ratios (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.38 (0.13-1.17) and 0.54 (0.22-1.32), respectively. Mean number of segments with coronary atherosclerosis were 1.0 in participants and 2.1 in controls (OR: 0.74 [0.52-1.06]). Coronary artery calcium score > 100 occurred in 4 (18%) of the participants and 23 (21%) of the controls. The participants had significantly lower levels of total and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and SCORE than the controls.
    Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive assessment of atherosclerosis in people with SCI using advanced imaging techniques. The atherosclerotic burden in middle-aged people with long-term cervical and upper thoracic SCI was not increased, whereas SCORE was lower due to lower cholesterol levels. Imaging techniques may be valuable tools for assessment of atherosclerosis in SCI.
    MeSH term(s) Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Calcium ; Atherosclerosis/diagnosis ; Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2608988-9
    ISSN 1934-1563 ; 1934-1482
    ISSN (online) 1934-1563
    ISSN 1934-1482
    DOI 10.1002/pmrj.13043
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    Zs.A 6951: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Changes over 6 years in secondary health conditions and activity limitations in older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury.

    Waller, Mikael / Jörgensen, Sophie / Lexell, Jan

    PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–167

    Abstract: Background: The number of individuals aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) is increasing. Still, there is limited knowledge about changes in secondary health conditions (SHCs) and activity limitations over time.: Objectives: To determine ... ...

    Abstract Background: The number of individuals aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) is increasing. Still, there is limited knowledge about changes in secondary health conditions (SHCs) and activity limitations over time.
    Objectives: To determine changes in SHCs and activity limitations in older adults aging with long-term SCI over 6 years, and to investigate how changes in SHCs and activity limitations are associated with gender, age, and injury characteristics.
    Design: Longitudinal cohort study from the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS).
    Setting: Community settings, Sweden.
    Participants: From the initial 123 participants in the SASCIS: 78 individuals (32% women); mean age 68 years; mean time since injury 31 years; injury levels C1-L3, AIS A-D.
    Interventions: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Bowel and bladder function and problems, pain, spasticity, and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III).
    Results: Over 6 years, bowel-related problems increased (31% to 47%, p = .015) and the occurrence of constipation doubled to 24% (p = .013). There were increases in frequent urinary tract infections (10% to 26%, p = .004), use of indwelling urinary catheters (15% to 23%, p = .031), and other bladder-related problems (4% to 22%, p < .001). The occurrence of pain was high (85%), with no significant change. Spasticity increased from 41% to 62% (p < .001). Activity limitations increased (SCIM III total score mean 67 to 61, p < .001, with significant decreases in all subscales). The increase in bowel-related problems was greater in males, and the deterioration in self-care was greater in participants with longer time since injury and with traumatic injuries.
    Conclusions: These findings support the notion that SHCs and activity limitations increase over time in older adults aging with long-term SCI. The results can inform clinicians and call for a proactive, holistic approach in the long-term follow-up to support healthy and active aging.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications ; Aging ; Health Status ; Pain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2608988-9
    ISSN 1934-1563 ; 1934-1482
    ISSN (online) 1934-1563
    ISSN 1934-1482
    DOI 10.1002/pmrj.12776
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  4. Article ; Online: Ryggmärgsskada – ett ovanligt tillstånd med komplexa behov.

    Hill, Mattias / Jörgensen, Sophie / Levi, Richard

    Lakartidningen

    2021  Volume 118

    Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) challenges many aspects of life. Common secondary health conditions are sensorimotor impairments, autonomic dysfunction affecting bowel, bladder, sexual and cardiovascular function, pressure ulcers, pulmonary dysfunction, pain ... ...

    Title translation Spinal cord injury rehabilitation.
    Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) challenges many aspects of life. Common secondary health conditions are sensorimotor impairments, autonomic dysfunction affecting bowel, bladder, sexual and cardiovascular function, pressure ulcers, pulmonary dysfunction, pain and psychological distress. Primary rehabilitation and lifelong follow-up from a specialized interdisciplinary rehabilitation team is needed to attain and maintain maximum functioning and participation in all aspects of life, and to reduce the risk of complications in the acute and chronic phases after SCI. Most of the almost 300 people who sustain a SCI in Sweden each year can today be expected to live long lives. However, the growing population of people aging with long-term SCI and the increasing number of older adults sustaining an SCI are major challenges for the health care system.  Important research areas are improved neurological diagnostics, regenerative research and long-term consequences of aging with SCI.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aging ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Sweden
    Language Swedish
    Publishing date 2021-09-07
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391010-6
    ISSN 1652-7518 ; 0023-7205
    ISSN (online) 1652-7518
    ISSN 0023-7205
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  5. Article ; Online: Sense of coherence and changes over six years among older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury.

    Jörgensen, Sophie / Lennman, Elsa / Lexell, Jan

    Spinal cord

    2021  Volume 59, Issue 12, Page(s) 1278–1284

    Abstract: Study design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal.: Objectives: To (i) describe sense of coherence (SOC) and changes over six years in older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and (ii) investigate how changes in SOC are associated with ...

    Abstract Study design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal.
    Objectives: To (i) describe sense of coherence (SOC) and changes over six years in older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and (ii) investigate how changes in SOC are associated with injury characteristics and changes in sociodemographics and secondary health conditions (SHCs; bowel-related and bladder-related problems, pain and spasticity).
    Setting: Community in Southern Sweden.
    Methods: From the initial 123 participants in the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS), 76 individuals (33% women, median age 66 years, median time since injury 30 years, AIS A-D, 30% complete) responded to the 13-item SOC scale (range 13-91) twice with a 6-year interval. Data were analyzed with multivariable hierarchical regression.
    Results: The participants rated a strong SOC at both assessments (median 73 and 76.5, respectively) which significantly increased over time. Overall, their marital status and vocational situation remained stable whereas SHCs increased. A change from not having a partner to having one was the only significant explanatory factor for a positive change in SOC.
    Conclusions: The present study describes, for the first time, changes in SOC over time and associated factors in older adults aging with long-term SCI. They generally maintain a strong ability to understand, handle, and being motivated when dealing with stressful events arising in their lives as a result of their SCI. The associations emphasize the importance of the social context for successful adaptation to living with SCI along the aging process.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological ; Aged ; Aging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sense of Coherence ; Spinal Cord Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1316161-1
    ISSN 1476-5624 ; 1362-4393
    ISSN (online) 1476-5624
    ISSN 1362-4393
    DOI 10.1038/s41393-021-00713-6
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    Zs.A 198: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: INTERnational Project for the Evaluation of "activE Rehabilitation" (inter-PEER) - a protocol for a prospective cohort study of community peer-based training programmes for people with spinal cord injury.

    Divanoglou, Anestis / Tasiemski, Tomasz / Jörgensen, Sophie

    BMC neurology

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

    Abstract: Background: Active Rehabilitation (AR) is a community peer-based concept for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) that is primarily delivered through brief residential training programmes. Despite a plethora of positive anecdotal evidence of AR ... ...

    Abstract Background: Active Rehabilitation (AR) is a community peer-based concept for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) that is primarily delivered through brief residential training programmes. Despite a plethora of positive anecdotal evidence of AR programmes as life-changing experiences, the effects of AR-programmes have not been evaluated scientifically. Here, we present the protocol of the INTERnational Project for the Evaluation of "activE Rehabilitation" (inter-PEER) aiming to evaluate the effects of AR training programmes on community-dwelling individuals with SCI.
    Methods: International prospective cohort study that recruits consecutive participants in AR training programmes. Evaluation is conducted through a web-based survey at 3 time-points: at the commencement and completion of the training programme, and 3 months after the end of the training programme. Evaluation also includes a practical wheelchair skills test at the first two time-points. The primary outcome measures are the Spinal Cord Independence Measure Self-report (SCIM-SR), the Queensland Evaluation of Wheelchair Skills test (QEWS), the Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q) and the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES). The secondary outcome measures are the 11-item Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-11), the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation (USER-Participation), the Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for people with SCI (LTPAQ-SCI) and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). We piloted the implementation of the protocol in Sweden in 7 participants with diverse SCI and sociodemographic characteristics and collected feedback from participants and peer-mentors about study procedures through interviews, a workshop and field observations.
    Discussion: Inter-PEER is the first initiative to propose a systematic evaluation of the effects of AR training programmes among individuals with SCI. The project is a collaborative work of multiple stakeholders, including researchers, clinicians, peer mentors with SCI, and administrators of organisations providing AR programmes. The inter-PEER uses standardised outcome measures relevant to the AR context, it will facilitate quality evaluations of community peer-based programmes, stimulate international collaborations, and inform the design of randomised controlled trials on the effects of AR training programmes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peer Group ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation Research/methods ; Rehabilitation Research/standards ; Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation ; Sweden
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2377
    ISSN (online) 1471-2377
    DOI 10.1186/s12883-019-1546-5
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  7. Article ; Online: Changes in health-related quality of life among older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury.

    Jörgensen, Sophie / Costa Andersson, Maria Valentina / Lexell, Jan

    Spinal cord

    2020  Volume 59, Issue 7, Page(s) 769–776

    Abstract: Study design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal.: Objectives: To (i) describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and changes over 6 years in older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and (ii) investigate how changes in HRQoL are ... ...

    Abstract Study design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal.
    Objectives: To (i) describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and changes over 6 years in older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and (ii) investigate how changes in HRQoL are associated with age, gender, and injury characteristics.
    Setting: Community in southern Sweden.
    Methods: From the initial 123 participants (years 2011-2012) in the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS), 77 individuals (32% women, C1-L3, AIS A-D, median age 66 years, median time since injury 31 years, 30% complete injuries) were assessed 6 years later. HRQoL was rated with the Spinal Cord Injury Quality of Life Questionnaire (SCI QL-23). Associations were investigated using multivariable linear regression analyses.
    Results: The median rating of global QoL (scale range 0-100) was relatively high at both assessments (67 and 83, respectively). There was a large variability in all HRQoL-domains and no significant changes over 6 years. As compared to an AIS D injury, a tetraplegia AIS A-C injury and tetraplegia and paraplegia AIS A-C injuries were associated with positive change in depressive symptoms and global QoL, respectively.
    Conclusions: Older adults aging with long-term SCI show large variations in all HRQoL-domains and have the potential to maintain a high and stable level of HRQoL over time. Persons with AIS D injuries may need increased attention to mitigate negative changes in depressive symptoms and global QoL. Further studies are needed to identify modifiable factors associated with changes in HRQoL in older adults aging with long-term SCI.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Paraplegia ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1316161-1
    ISSN 1476-5624 ; 1362-4393
    ISSN (online) 1476-5624
    ISSN 1362-4393
    DOI 10.1038/s41393-020-00579-0
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  8. Article ; Online: Functional and structural impairments of the pulmonary system in middle-aged people with cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injuries.

    Hill, Mattias / Jörgensen, Sophie / Engström, Gunnar / Persson, Margaretha / Wollmer, Per / Lexell, Jan

    The journal of spinal cord medicine

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 5, Page(s) 732–741

    Abstract: Objectives: To describe functional and structural impairments of the pulmonary system in middle-aged people with cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injuries (SCI), and compare findings to the general population. To determine if the neurological ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To describe functional and structural impairments of the pulmonary system in middle-aged people with cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injuries (SCI), and compare findings to the general population. To determine if the neurological level of injury (NLI) is related to functional and structural impairments, and if age is related to structural impairments.
    Design: Cross-sectional study with matched controls. Data from the Swedish SPinal Cord Injury Study on Cardiopulmonary and Autonomic Impairment (SPICA). Matched control data were obtained from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).
    Setting: Outpatient SCI unit in southern Sweden.
    Participants: 25 people (20% women, mean age 58 years, mean time since injury 28 years, NLIs C2-T6, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-C).
    Interventions: Not applicable.
    Outcome measures: Lung function was assessed with spirometry, diffusing capacity and impulse oscillometry. Structural assessments were performed with computed tomography.
    Results: Pulmonary function was generally worse compared to the controls. Structural impairments were common (75% of the participants and 65% of the controls; P = 0.36, NS). NLI was significantly related to some of the functional and structural impairments.
    Conclusions: Middle-aged people with long-term cervical and upper thoracic SCI can have substantial pulmonary functional impairments, whereas structural impairments do not differ considerably from the general population. Further larger and longitudinal studies should focus on the clinical impact of these impairments over time.
    MeSH term(s) Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Longitudinal Studies ; Spirometry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1223949-5
    ISSN 2045-7723 ; 1079-0268
    ISSN (online) 2045-7723
    ISSN 1079-0268
    DOI 10.1080/10790268.2022.2031478
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  9. Article ; Online: Global and domain-specific life satisfaction among older adults with long-term spinal cord injury.

    Jörgensen, Sophie / Hedgren, Linn / Sundelin, Anna / Lexell, Jan

    The journal of spinal cord medicine

    2019  Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 322–330

    Abstract: Objective: Although life expectancy after spinal cord injury (SCI) has increased, knowledge of life satisfaction and associated factors among older adults with long-term SCI is still very limited. The objective of this study was, therefore, to assess ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Although life expectancy after spinal cord injury (SCI) has increased, knowledge of life satisfaction and associated factors among older adults with long-term SCI is still very limited. The objective of this study was, therefore, to assess global and domain-specific life satisfaction among older adults with long-term SCI and investigate the association with sociodemographics, injury characteristics and secondary health conditions.
    Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Data from the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS).
    Setting: Community settings in southern Sweden.
    Participants: Seventy-eight individuals (32% women, injury levels C1-L3, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A-D) mean age 68 years, mean time since injury 31 years.
    Interventions: Not applicable.
    Outcome measures: The Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-11).
    Results: The participants were at least rather satisfied with most of the 11 life domains. They rated the lowest satisfaction with sexual life, activities of daily living and somatic health. Having a partner and being vocationally active was associated with greater satisfaction with life as a whole and with several other life domains. Participants with AIS D injuries were less satisfied with their somatic health than those with tetraplegia AIS A-C and paraplegia AIS A-C injuries. More secondary health conditions were negatively associated with satisfaction in five life domains.
    Conclusion: Life satisfaction can be affected many years after SCI. The social context, participation in meaningful activities and minimizing secondary health conditions seem to be important for maintaining life satisfaction in older adults with a long-term injury.
    MeSH term(s) Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Paraplegia ; Personal Satisfaction ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1223949-5
    ISSN 2045-7723 ; 1079-0268
    ISSN (online) 2045-7723
    ISSN 1079-0268
    DOI 10.1080/10790268.2019.1610618
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  10. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Older Adults With Long-Term Spinal Cord Injury.

    Jörgensen, Sophie / Hill, Mattias / Lexell, Jan

    PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–16

    Abstract: Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) now live longer, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors amenable to intervention are therefore needed to support their healthy aging.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) now live longer, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors amenable to intervention are therefore needed to support their healthy aging.
    Objective: To describe the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors among older adults with long-term SCI and investigate the association with sociodemographics and injury characteristics.
    Design: Cross-sectional descriptive cohort study.
    Setting: Home settings.
    Participants: In total, 123 individuals (71% men, injury levels C1-L5, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-D), mean age 63 years, mean time since injury 24 years.
    Methods: Data from the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS), collected through interviews and assessments during home visits and from medical records.
    Main outcome measures: Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and blood lipids, and data on cardiovascular comorbidity and tobacco use.
    Results: One third had a previous diagnosis of hypertension, and 55% presented with a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg at the time of assessment. Sixteen percent had a history of diabetes and in 15% fasting glucose levels were ≥ 7 mmol/L. Dyslipidemia was present in 76%, whereas 16% had prediagnosed dyslipidemia. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 27 kg/m
    Conclusions: The high occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors among older adults with long-term SCI can pose additional consequences to their health. Regular assessments and interventions targeting cardiovascular risk in this population are therefore warranted. Further research is needed to identify modifiable factors associated with their risk profile.
    Level of evidence: III.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Long-Term Care ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis ; Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation ; Survival Analysis ; Sweden
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2608988-9
    ISSN 1934-1563 ; 1934-1482
    ISSN (online) 1934-1563
    ISSN 1934-1482
    DOI 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.06.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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