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Article ; Online: Stochastic Thermodynamics of a Finite Quantum System Coupled to Two Heat Baths

Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt / Jochen Gemmer

Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 504, p

2023 Volume 504

Abstract: We consider a situation where an N -level system (NLS) is coupled successively to two heat baths with different temperatures without being necessarily thermalized and approaches a steady state. For this situation we apply a general Jarzynski-type ... ...

Abstract	We consider a situation where an N -level system (NLS) is coupled successively to two heat baths with different temperatures without being necessarily thermalized and approaches a steady state. For this situation we apply a general Jarzynski-type equation and conclude that heat and entropy is flowing from the hot bath to the cold one. The Clausius relation between increase of entropy and transfer of heat divided by a suitable temperature assumes the form of two inequalities. Our approach is illustrated by an analytical example. For the linear regime, i.e., for small temperature differences between the two heat baths, we derive an expression for the heat conduction coefficient.
Keywords	heat conduction ; fluctuation theorems ; Clausius relation ; Science ; Q ; Astrophysics ; QB460-466 ; Physics ; QC1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Conditional Action and Imperfect Erasure of Qubits

Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt

Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 3, p

2021 Volume 289

Abstract: We consider state changes in quantum theory due to “conditional action” and relate these to the discussion of entropy decrease due to interventions of “intelligent beings” and the principles of Szilard and Landauer/Bennett. The mathematical theory of ... ...

Abstract	We consider state changes in quantum theory due to “conditional action” and relate these to the discussion of entropy decrease due to interventions of “intelligent beings” and the principles of Szilard and Landauer/Bennett. The mathematical theory of conditional actions is a special case of the theory of “instruments”, which describes changes of state due to general measurements and will therefore be briefly outlined in the present paper. As a detailed example, we consider the imperfect erasure of a qubit that can also be viewed as a conditional action and will be realized by the coupling of a spin to another small spin system in its ground state.
Keywords	conditional action ; Maxwell’s demon ; erasure of memory ; Science ; Q ; Astrophysics ; QB460-466 ; Physics ; QC1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Motion of dust ejected from the surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu

Yu Jiang / Jürgen Schmidt

Heliyon, Vol 6, Iss 10, Pp e05275- (2020)

2020

Abstract: From Jan. 6, 2019 to Feb. 18, 2019, OSIRIS-REx observed asteroid (101955) Bennu ejecting 11 plumes of dust, of which part is escaping and another part is re-captured by the asteroid. The relative magnitudes of the typical forces acting on the emitted ... ...

Abstract	From Jan. 6, 2019 to Feb. 18, 2019, OSIRIS-REx observed asteroid (101955) Bennu ejecting 11 plumes of dust, of which part is escaping and another part is re-captured by the asteroid. The relative magnitudes of the typical forces acting on the emitted dust are quite different from the environments of the planets and other minor planets in the solar system. Here we show that ejected dust grains from the surface of Bennu can be caught in the gravitational field of Bennu. To this end, we calculated numerically the trajectories of dust grains of various sizes, from the 0.1μm to the ten millimeter range. The shape and the fate of an emitted cloud of particles depend on the size of the grains: smaller grains form a more narrowly confined dust trail while trails formed by larger grains disperse more rapidly. Four different fates are possible for ejected dust. All grains with radius less than 1.0μm, directly re-impact on Bennu or they escape directly. In contrast, a fraction of grains with a radius larger than 10.0 μm will impact or escape only after performing a number of non-Keplerian revolutions around Bennu. Our findings show how dust grains may populate the vicinity of Bennu and other active asteroids and that they can reach interplanetary space and other celestial bodies, implying that organic matter can be transported from carbonaceous asteroids to other celestial bodies, including Earth.
Keywords	Applied mathematics ; Astrophysics ; Computational mathematics ; Mechanics ; Planetary sciences ; Dust emmision ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	520
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Manual therapeutic plasma exchange for treatment of a dog with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuritis

Adriana Czerwik / Tereza Jarešová / Agnieszka Olszewska / Daniela Farke / Martin Jürgen Schmidt / Hendrik Lehmann

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 65, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis is one of the most common polyneuropathies occurring in dogs. The disease is very similar to the Guillain–Barré syndrome in humans. In veterinary medicine, there is no established treatment for this ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis is one of the most common polyneuropathies occurring in dogs. The disease is very similar to the Guillain–Barré syndrome in humans. In veterinary medicine, there is no established treatment for this disease, while in human medicine, therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin administration are two main immunotherapy treatments of this syndrome. Case presentation A 12-year-old male Jack Russel Terrier was presented with a history of acute weakness of the pelvic limbs progressing to flaccid tetraplegia with respiratory compromise. Complete diagnostic workup was performed including blood work, diagnostic imaging (radiographs of the thorax as well as ultrasound of the abdomen) and echocardiography. Based on the clinical course, neurological localisation and the results of electrodiagnostic examination acute canine polyradiculoneuritis was suspected. During the hospitalization, the dog deteriorated and was admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory support via tracheostomy tube. In addition to symptomatic treatment, immunotherapy via single treatment of manual therapeutic plasma exchange was administered. This procedure was safe, and the dog showed improvement of clinical signs 3 days after therapy was initiated, as well as improvement of neurological signs (from grade 4 tetraplegia to grade 3) within 5 days. However, the dog was euthanized 3 weeks later due to complications related to the tracheostomy. Conclusions This is the first case report of a manual therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuritis suggesting that this method is safe and well tolerated in dogs with this disease. It may be a reasonable adjunctive treatment to supportive therapy in severe cases.
Keywords	Canine ; Guillain-Barré syndrome ; Neuromuscular disease ; Therapeutic plasma exchange ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spontaneous hemispheric ventricular collapse and subarachnoid haemorrhages in a dog with congenital hydrocephalus internus

Agnieszka Olszewska / Daniela Farke / Martin Jürgen Schmidt

Irish Veterinary Journal, Vol 73, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background Overdrainage and collapse of the hemispheres is a potential severe complication after surgical treatment of internal hydrocephalus using ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Here we describe a case of a spontaneous hemispheric ventricular ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Overdrainage and collapse of the hemispheres is a potential severe complication after surgical treatment of internal hydrocephalus using ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Here we describe a case of a spontaneous hemispheric ventricular collapse in an untreated dog with congenital hydrocephalus internus. Case presentation A twelve-week-old, male, intact Golden Retriever was presented with a history of peracute obtundation, impaired vision, and progressive gait abnormalities of all limbs for three days. Neurological examination revealed a dome shaped skull, a broad-based stance and a moderate cerebellar ataxia. The postural responses were markedly delayed in all limbs. Moderate ventro-lateral strabismus, vertical nystagmus and absent menace response were observed bilaterally. Clinical signs indicated multifocal localisation (forebrain, cerebellum). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed dilation of all cerebral ventricles, irregular thinning of the periventricular white and grey matter, consistent with internal hydrocephalus. In addition, the hemispheres were collapsed at the right temporal and left frontal lobe with haemorrhage filling the adjacent subarachnoid space. The dog underwent left frontal and right temporal craniotomy for removal of the haemorrhage. The dog improved on all neurological signs and was discharged after seven days. A repeat MRI three months postsurgical intervention showed reexpansion of the cerebral hemispheres. Subarachnoid haemorrhages were markedly reduced. Conclusions Collapse of the hemispheres can occur spontaneously in dogs with hydrocephalus internus. Removal of the haemorrhage can improve clinical signs.
Keywords	Brain herniation ; Canine ; Internal hydrocephalus ; Intracranial bleeding ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	150 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Feierabend statt Ruhestand?

Jürgen Schmidt

Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Vol 22, Iss

2011 Volume 3

Abstract: The main hypothesis about the relationship of retirement and working classes is that a category of ‘retirement’ among workers did not exist until modern welfare pension systems were installed in the 20th century. This article argues that ideals and ... ...

Abstract	The main hypothesis about the relationship of retirement and working classes is that a category of ‘retirement’ among workers did not exist until modern welfare pension systems were installed in the 20th century. This article argues that ideals and practices of retirement as a work-free period after crossing an age limit already occurred in the late 19th century among German workers in the context of the debate about the first old age- and invalidity act in 1889. In addition, by looking at work in its ambivalent meaning of delight and burden it becomes evident that workers could imagine to leave work and start a retirement in their life course while the labour movement was trapped between the position of admiring work as means for gaining respectability and condemning work as exploitation.
Keywords	Retirement ; pensions ; working classes ; labour movement ; German Empire ; History (General) and history of Europe ; D
Language	German
Publishing date	2011-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	StudienVerlag
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Successful surgical and medical treatment of a severe, acute epidural bleed in a young dog due to steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis

Jessica Zilli / Agnieszka Olszewska / Daniela Farke / Martin Jürgen Schmidt

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 63, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 7

Abstract: Abstract Background Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) is an immune-mediated disease of the leptomeninges and its associated blood vessels, typically responsive to corticosteroids. Clinically relevant haemorrhage is a rare finding in such ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) is an immune-mediated disease of the leptomeninges and its associated blood vessels, typically responsive to corticosteroids. Clinically relevant haemorrhage is a rare finding in such patients and for this reason surgical decompression of the spinal cord is normally not considered. The diagnosis of SRMA is supported by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) increase, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, including cytology (polymorphonuclear pleocytosis in the acute form), nucleated cell-, red blood cell- and protein count, as well as by evaluating CSF and serum IgA concentrations. D-dimer concentrations in serum and CSF should be elevated as well and therefore can be also evaluated as a further diagnostic tool. Case presentation A 1.5-year-old mixed breed dog was presented with pyrexia, cervical pain and acute tetraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural mass lesion at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra, consistent with a subacute epidural haemorrhage, causing severe compression of the spinal cord. Based on the dog’s signalment, clinical history and results of the blood and CSF analyses (incl. D-dimer determination), SRMA with secondary epidural haemorrhage was suspected. Decompressive surgery was performed through a right sided partial dorsal laminectomy. Post-surgical immunosuppressive treatment was started with cytarabine and then continued with prednisolone after completion of wound healing. Conclusions This is the first report in which medical and surgical treatment were combined in a patient with SRMA and it highlights the possibility of performing a successful surgical intervention despite the need for immunosuppressive therapy. Moreover, while SRMA diagnosis is normally based on CSF analysis and CSF and serum IgA concentrations, D-dimer concentrations in serum and CSF were also useful in this patient.
Keywords	Canine ; Cervical pain ; Cytosine arabinoside ; Decompression ; Inflammatory disease ; Immune-mediated ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Health-related quality of life and health literacy in patients with systemic mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndrome

Tobias Jürgen Schmidt / Julia Sellin / Gerhard J. Molderings / Rupert Conrad / Martin Mücke

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background Systemic mastocytosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by aberrant proliferation and/or activation of mast cells, resulting in multi-organ, allergy-like symptoms. Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a clinically similar, ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Systemic mastocytosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by aberrant proliferation and/or activation of mast cells, resulting in multi-organ, allergy-like symptoms. Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a clinically similar, but more prevalent disease with unclear etiology. In this study, the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and health literacy of people suffering from SM and MCAS were assessed. Results Two validated questionnaires (QLQ-C30/QLQ-INFO25) from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) were used to analyze HRQOL and level of information of SM and MCAS patients. In addition, a control group without any health issues was included. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and linear regression to detect significant differences. Questionnaire data from 66 patients with MCAS (83% female, mean 44 years), 32 patients with SM (78% female, mean 53 years) and 52 healthy participants (67% female, mean 48 years) resident in Germany were analyzed. HRQOL as measured by the Global health status was significantly worse in patients suffering from MCAS or SM compared to control group. Individuals with MCAS showed a slightly, but insignificantly lower score on Global health status, and a significantly lower score with respect to role function and fatigue. Patients with the rare disease SM felt significantly better informed on their disease compared to MCAS patients. Linear regression performed separately for both groups showed a direct influence of the level of information on patients' HRQOL. Conclusion Overall, our study showed a significant negative impact on the HRQOL of both diseases, but only a small difference in quality of life and severity of symptoms between patients with MCAS and the supposedly more severe form, the rare disease SM. Our results demonstrate that the level of information patients receive impacts HRQOL, and that this is not only an issue in rare diseases, but also diseases with unclear etiology and pathology. Our data shows that even slight ...
Keywords	Systemic mastocytosis (ORPHA:2467) ; Mast cell activation syndrome ; Health related quality of life ; Health literacy ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Influence of a 100-mile ultramarathon on heart rate and heart rate variability

Christian Paech / Simone Schrieber / Ingo Daehnert / Paul Jürgen Schmidt-Hellinger / Jan Wuestenfeld / Thomas Thouet

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, Vol 7, Iss

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: Aims This study aimed to investigate the impact of an ultramarathon (UM) with a distance of 100 miles on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV).Methods 28 runners (25 men and 3 women) underwent 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring 1 week before the UM, ...

Abstract	Aims This study aimed to investigate the impact of an ultramarathon (UM) with a distance of 100 miles on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV).Methods 28 runners (25 men and 3 women) underwent 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring 1 week before the UM, immediately after the UM and after a week of recovery. The influence of age, body mass index (BMI), HR and HRV on the run time and recovery was investigated.Results A rise in the baseline HR (18.98%) immediately after the run accompanied by a significant drop in the SD of all normal RR intervals (7.12%) 1 week after. Except for the runners’ age, BMI, HR and HRV showed no influence on the competition time. Full return of HRV to the athletes’ baseline did not occur within 1 week. There were no significant differences between finishers and non-finishers in the analysed parameters.Conclusion The present results show that a 100-mile run leads to an increase in sympathetic activity and thus to an increase in HR and a decrease in HRV. Also, HRV might be a suitable parameter to evaluate the state of recovery after a 100-mile run but does not help to quantify the status of recovery, as the damage to the tendomuscular system primarily characterises this after completing a UM.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Electronic patient-reported outcome measures to enable systematic follow-up in treatment and care of women diagnosed with breast cancer

Karin Piil / Bibi Hølge-Hazelton / Volker Jürgen Schmidt / Stine Thestrup Hansen / Lone Bak Hansen / Karen Marie Ledertoug

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

a feasibility study protocol

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Introduction The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical practice has the potential to promote person-centred care and improve patients’ health-related quality of life. We aimed to develop an intervention centred around electronic ... ...

Abstract	Introduction The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical practice has the potential to promote person-centred care and improve patients’ health-related quality of life. We aimed to develop an intervention centred around electronic PROMs (ePROMs) for systematic follow-up in patients diagnosed with breast cancer and to evaluate its feasibility.Methods and analysis We developed a nurse-oriented and surgeon-oriented intervention in PROMs, including (1) an education programme for nurses and surgeons; (2) administration of BREAST-Q as proactive ePROMs during follow-up in patients diagnosed with breast cancer and (3) feedback to nurses and surgeons on PROM scores and a guidance manual for healthcare practitioners. Subsequently, we designed a non-controlled feasibility evaluation on the outcomes acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality and integration. The feasibility evaluation includes qualitative ethnographic studies exploring the user perspectives of patients, nurses and surgeons and quantitative studies to explore the characteristics of the patient population regarding demographic background, response rates and response patterns. The feasibility study was initiated in September 2021, will continue until 2024 and will include approximately 900 patients. EPROMs are collected at the following assessment time points: baseline (after diagnosis, before surgery), 1-year follow-up and 3-year endpoint.Ethics and dissemination The study will be conducted according to the General Data Protection Regulation and the fifth version of the Helsinki Declaration. The National Committee on Health Research Ethics approved the study according to the law of the Committee § 1, part 4. All data will be anonymised before its publication. The results of the feasibility study will be published in peer-reviewed, international journals.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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