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Article ; Online: Warming of 0.5 °C may cause double the economic loss and increase the population affected by floods in China

L. Liu / J. Gao / S. Wu

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol 22, Pp 1577-

2022 Volume 1590

Abstract: Based on future scenario data and an improved quantitative natural-disaster risk assessment model, in this study, we analysed the response of the characteristics of flood events in China to 1.5 and 2 ∘ C of global warming, quantitatively assessed the ... ...

Abstract	Based on future scenario data and an improved quantitative natural-disaster risk assessment model, in this study, we analysed the response of the characteristics of flood events in China to 1.5 and 2 ∘ C of global warming, quantitatively assessed the population affected and the economic risks of floods, and determined the integrated risk levels. The results indicate that, for the RCP4.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) and RCP8.5 scenarios, the probability and distribution area of the floods increase with increasing temperature and the influence range of the floods of different levels expands more rapidly under the RCP4.5 scenario. The floods mainly affect the social economy in the regions with lower altitudes and smaller slopes in eastern China. As the increase in temperature intensifies, the population affected and the direct economic losses are aggravated. For 2 ∘ C of global warming, under the RCP8.5 scenario, the population affected by floods increases by 2 million, and the economic risk nearly doubles compared with 1.5 ∘ C of global warming. The economic risk under the RCP4.5 scenario even reaches 3 times that for 1.5 ∘ C of global warming, but its proportion to the gross domestic product (GDP) is lower than that under the RCP8.5 scenario. Under both scenarios, the ranges of the zones of medium–high flood risk gradually expand westward and northward.
Keywords	Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SDUST2020 MSS

J. Yuan / J. Guo / C. Zhu / Z. Li / X. Liu / J. Gao

Earth System Science Data, Vol 15, Pp 155-

a global 1′ × 1′ mean sea surface model determined from multi-satellite altimetry data

2023 Volume 169

Abstract: This study focuses on the determination and validation of a new global mean sea surface (MSS) model, named the Shandong University of Science and Technology 2020 (SDUST2020), with a grid size of

Abstract	This study focuses on the determination and validation of a new global mean sea surface (MSS) model, named the Shandong University of Science and Technology 2020 (SDUST2020), with a grid size of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="79981943cbb49887caf7e1aabdd89452"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-15-155-2023-ie00003.svg" width="32pt" height="12pt" src="essd-15-155-2023-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> . This new model was established with a 19-year moving average method and fused multi-satellite altimetry data over a 27-year period (from January 1993 to December 2019). The data of HaiYang-2A, Jason-3, and Sentinel-3A were first ingested in the SDUST2020 MSS but not in any other global MSS model, such as the CLS15 and DTU18 MSS models. Validations, including comparisons with the CLS15 and DTU18 MSS models, GPS-leveled tide gauges, and altimeter data, were performed to evaluate the quality of the SDUST2020 MSS model, all of which showed that the SDUST2020 MSS model is accurate and reliable. The SDUST2020 MSS dataset is freely available at the site (data DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6555990 , Yuan et al., 2022).
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of aerosol optics on vertical distribution of ozone in autumn over Yangtze River Delta

S. Yan / B. Zhu / S. Shi / W. Lu / J. Gao / H. Kang / D. Liu

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 23, Pp 5177-

2023 Volume 5190

Abstract: Tropospheric ozone, an important secondary pollutant, is greatly impacted by aerosols within boundary layer (BL). Previous studies have mainly attributed ozone variation to either aerosol–BL or aerosol–photolysis interactions at the near-surface level. ... ...

Abstract	Tropospheric ozone, an important secondary pollutant, is greatly impacted by aerosols within boundary layer (BL). Previous studies have mainly attributed ozone variation to either aerosol–BL or aerosol–photolysis interactions at the near-surface level. In this study, we analyze the sensitivities of ozone response to aerosol mixing states (e.g., mixing behavior hypothesis of scattering and absorbing components) in the vertical direction and address the effects of aerosol–BL and aerosol–photolysis interactions on ozone profiles in autumn by Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations. The aerosol internal mixing state experiment reasonably reproduces the vertical distribution and time variation in meteorological elements and ozone. Sensitivity experiments show that aerosols lead to turbulent suppression, precursor accumulation, lower-level photolysis reduction, and upper-level photolysis enhancement. Consequently, ozone basically decreases within entire the BL during daytime (08:00–17:00 LT), and the decrease is the least in the external mixing state (2.0 %) when compared with internal (10.5 %) and core shell mixing states (8.6 %). The photolysis enhancement is the most significant in the external mixing state due to its strong scattering ability. By process analysis, lower-level ozone chemical loss is enhanced due to photolysis reduction and NO x accumulation under a volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regime. Upper-level ozone chemical production is accelerated due to a higher photolysis rate resulting from aerosol backscattering. Therefore, the increased ozone entrainment from BL aloft to the surface induced by the boosted ozone vertical gradient outweighs the decreased ozone entrainment induced by turbulent suppression after 11:00 LT. Additional simulations support the finding that the aerosol effect on precursors, photolysis, and ozone is consistent under different underlying surface and pollution conditions.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A framework for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis for holistic hydrologic modeling using SWAT+

S. A. Abbas / R. T. Bailey / J. T. White / J. G. Arnold / M. J. White / N. Čerkasova / J. Gao

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 28, Pp 21-

2024 Volume 48

Abstract: Parameter sensitivity analysis plays a critical role in efficiently determining main parameters, enhancing the effectiveness of the estimation of parameters and uncertainty quantification in hydrologic modeling. In this paper, we demonstrate an ... ...

Abstract	Parameter sensitivity analysis plays a critical role in efficiently determining main parameters, enhancing the effectiveness of the estimation of parameters and uncertainty quantification in hydrologic modeling. In this paper, we demonstrate an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis technique for the holistic Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT + ) model coupled with new gwflow module, spatially distributed, physically based groundwater flow modeling. The main calculated groundwater inflows and outflows include boundary exchange, pumping, saturation excess flow, groundwater–surface water exchange, recharge, groundwater–lake exchange and tile drainage outflow. We present the method for four watersheds located in different areas of the United States for 16 years (2000–2015), emphasizing regions of extensive tile drainage (Winnebago River, Minnesota, Iowa), intensive surface–groundwater interactions (Nanticoke River, Delaware, Maryland), groundwater pumping for irrigation (Cache River, Missouri, Arkansas) and mountain snowmelt (Arkansas Headwaters, Colorado). The main parameters of the coupled SWAT + gwflow model are estimated utilizing the parameter estimation software PEST. The monthly streamflow of holistic SWAT + gwflow is evaluated based on the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE), percentage bias (PBIAS), determination coefficient ( R 2 ) and Kling–Gupta efficiency coefficient (KGE), whereas groundwater head is evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE). The Morris method is employed to identify the key parameters influencing hydrological fluxes. Furthermore, the iterative ensemble smoother (iES) is utilized as a technique for uncertainty quantification (UQ) and parameter estimation (PE) and to decrease the computational cost owing to the large number of parameters. Depending on the watershed, key identified selected parameters include aquifer specific yield, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, recharge delay, streambed thickness, streambed hydraulic conductivity, area of groundwater inflow to tile, depth of tiles ...
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The role of long-term mineral and manure fertilization on P species accumulation and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in paddy red soils

S. Chen / J. Gao / H. Chen / Z. Zhang / J. Huang / L. Lv / J. Tan / X. Jiang

SOIL, Vol 9, Pp 101-

2023 Volume 116

Abstract: Understanding soil phosphorus (P) transformation and turnover under various fertilization managements is important for evaluating sustainable P fertility and potential bioavailability in agriculture managements. Thus, long-term fertilization experiments ( ...

Abstract	Understanding soil phosphorus (P) transformation and turnover under various fertilization managements is important for evaluating sustainable P fertility and potential bioavailability in agriculture managements. Thus, long-term fertilization experiments ( ∼ 38 years) with the application of different inorganic and organic fertilizers in paddy red soils were conducted to determine the effect of different fertilizer applications on P pool accumulation and microbial communities, especially for phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs). Long-term inorganic P (IP) fertilization increased the concentrations of total P (TP) ( ∼ 479 mg kg −1 ), available P (AP) ( ∼ 417 mg kg −1 ) and inorganic P ( ∼ 18 mg kg −1 ), but manure fertilization accelerated the accumulation of organic P, especially for orthophosphate monoesters (e.g., myo-IHP, ∼ 12 mg kg −1 ). Long-term mineral fertilization decreased bacterial richness, evenness and complexation of bacterial networks. In contrast, long-term manure fertilization and rhizosphere accumulated more amounts of total carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, as well as regulated the soil pH, thus improving the separation of bacterial communities. Furthermore, PSM compositions were greatly influenced by fertilization managements and rhizosphere. For example, inorganic P fertilization increased the abundance of Thiobacillus (i.e., the most abundant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in this study) and shifted the community structure of PSB. Correspondingly, the concentrations of inorganic and total P were the key factors for the variation of the PSB community structure. These findings are beneficial for understanding the variation of inorganic and organic P pools and the microbial community, especially for PSMs under long-term inorganic and/or organic fertilization.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: On the flood peak distributions over China

L. Yang / L. Wang / X. Li / J. Gao

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 23, Pp 5133-

2019 Volume 5149

Abstract: Here we for the first time present a nationwide characterization of flood hazards across China. Our analysis is based on an exceptional dataset of 1120 stream gauging stations with continuous records of annual flood peaks for at least 50 years across the ...

Abstract	Here we for the first time present a nationwide characterization of flood hazards across China. Our analysis is based on an exceptional dataset of 1120 stream gauging stations with continuous records of annual flood peaks for at least 50 years across the entire country. Our results are organized by centering on various aspects of flood peak distributions, including temporal changes in flood series and their spatial variations, the statistical distribution of extreme values, and the properties of storms that lead to annual flood peaks. These aspects altogether contribute to an improved understanding of flood hydrology under a changing environment over China and promote advances in flood science at the global scale. Historical changes in annual flood peaks demonstrate frequent abrupt changes rather than slowly varying trends. The dominance of decreasing annual flood peak magnitudes indicates a weakening tendency of flood hazards over China in recent decades. We model the upper tails of flood peaks based on the generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. The GEV shape parameter is weakly dependent on drainage area, but it shows spatial splits tied to rainfall climatology between northern and southern China. Landfalling tropical cyclones play an important role in characterizing the upper-tail properties of flood peak distributions especially in northern China and southeastern coast, while the upper tails of flood peaks are dominated by extreme monsoon rainfall in southern China. Severe flood hazards associated with landfalling tropical cyclones are characterized by complex interactions of storm circulations with synoptic environments (i.e., mid-latitude baroclinic disturbances) and regional topography.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lagged recovery of fish spatial distributions following a cold-water perturbation

M. D. Robertson / J. Gao / P. M. Regular / M. J. Morgan / F. Zhang

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Anomalous local temperature and extreme events (e.g. heat-waves) can cause rapid change and gradual recovery of local environmental conditions. However, few studies have tested whether species distribution can recover following returning ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Anomalous local temperature and extreme events (e.g. heat-waves) can cause rapid change and gradual recovery of local environmental conditions. However, few studies have tested whether species distribution can recover following returning environmental conditions. Here, we tested for change and recovery of the spatial distributions of two flatfish populations, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), in response to consecutive decreasing and increasing water temperature on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland, Canada from 1985 to 2018. Using a Vector Autoregressive Spatiotemporal model, we found the distributions of both species shifted southwards following a period when anomalous cold water covered the northern sections of the Grand Bank. After accounting for density-dependent effects, we observed that yellowtail flounder re-distributed northwards when water temperature returned and exceeded levels recorded before the cold period, while the spatial distribution of American plaice has not recovered. Our study demonstrates nonlinear effects of an environmental factor on species distribution, implying the possibility of irreversible (or hard-to-reverse) changes of species distribution following a rapid change and gradual recovery of environmental conditions.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fast climate responses to emission reductions in aerosol and ozone precursors in China during 2013–2017

J. Gao / Y. Yang / H. Wang / P. Wang / H. Li / M. Li / L. Ren / X. Yue / H. Liao

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 22, Pp 7131-

2022 Volume 7142

Abstract: China has been implementing a sequence of policies for clean air since the year 2013, and the aerosol pollution has been substantially improved, but ozone (O 3 )-related issues arose. Here, fast climate responses to emission reductions in aerosol and O 3 ...

Abstract	China has been implementing a sequence of policies for clean air since the year 2013, and the aerosol pollution has been substantially improved, but ozone (O 3 )-related issues arose. Here, fast climate responses to emission reductions in aerosol and O 3 precursors over China during 2013–2017 are investigated using the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). The overall decreases in aerosols produced an anomalous warming of 0.09 ± 0.10 ∘ C in eastern China (22–40 ∘ N, 110–122.5 ∘ E), which is further intensified by the increase in O 3 in the lower troposphere, resulting in an enhanced warming of 0.16 ± 0.15 ∘ C in eastern China. Reductions in industrial emissions contributed the most to the aerosol-induced warming, while emission reductions from residential sector induced a cooling effect due to a substantial decrease in light-absorbing black carbon aerosols. This implies that switching the residential sector to cleaner energy is more effective to achieve climate and health benefits in China.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333 ; 511
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Protease-controlled secretion and display of intercellular signals

Alexander E. Vlahos / Jeewoo Kang / Carlos A. Aldrete / Ronghui Zhu / Lucy S. Chong / Michael B. Elowitz / Xiaojing J. Gao

Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 12

Abstract: To program intercellular communication for biomedicine, it is crucial to regulate the secretion and surface display of signaling proteins. Here the authors develop RELEASE, a modular approach to control intercellular signals using protein-based circuits. ...

Abstract	To program intercellular communication for biomedicine, it is crucial to regulate the secretion and surface display of signaling proteins. Here the authors develop RELEASE, a modular approach to control intercellular signals using protein-based circuits.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Stacked chalcogenide metasurfaces for third harmonic generation in the UV range

M A Vincenti / J Gao / D de Ceglia / J A Frantz / M Scalora / N M Litchinitser

New Journal of Physics, Vol 24, Iss 3, p

2022 Volume 035005

Abstract: We show that an appropriately designed chalcogenide metasurface allows the enhancement of harmonic generation in the UV range, a regime that conventional wisdom deems inaccessible because of absorption. Here we exploit a combination of the photonic band ... ...

Abstract	We show that an appropriately designed chalcogenide metasurface allows the enhancement of harmonic generation in the UV range, a regime that conventional wisdom deems inaccessible because of absorption. Here we exploit a combination of the photonic band structure that forms when stacking As _2 S _3 metasurfaces, phase-locking, nonlinear dispersion, and improved field localization to enhance third harmonic conversion efficiency. We demonstrate an improvement of two orders of magnitude with respect to the single layer counterpart notwithstanding the fact that the harmonic signal is tuned deep in the absorption range at 285 nm.
Keywords	harmonic generation ; metasurfaces ; nonlinear optics ; chalcogenide glasses ; Science ; Q ; Physics ; QC1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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