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Article ; Online: Innovative HDPE Composites Enriched with UV Stabilizer and Diatomaceous Earth/Zinc Oxide for Enhanced Seafood Packaging and Antimicrobial Properties

Korakot Charoensri / Yang J. Shin / Hyun J. Park

Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 23, p

2023 Volume 4577

Abstract: The fisheries industry encounters distinct packaging challenges, including the need to protect perishable seafood from rapid spoilage caused by UV radiation while allowing for reuse. This study tackles these issues by introducing advanced high-density ... ...

Abstract	The fisheries industry encounters distinct packaging challenges, including the need to protect perishable seafood from rapid spoilage caused by UV radiation while allowing for reuse. This study tackles these issues by introducing advanced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites enhanced with a UV stabilizer and inorganic fillers, such as diatomaceous earth/zinc oxide (DZ). Our investigation explores the transformative effects of weathering on these pioneering composites, evaluating shifts in mechanical, physical, thermal properties, and sub-zero temperature stability. Incorporating a UV stabilizer alongside DZ within the HDPE matrix significantly enhances mechanical performance and weathering resilience. These enhancements extend the longevity of seafood packaging while preserving product quality. Moreover, our findings reveal a substantial breakthrough in antimicrobial properties. The inclusion of DZ, with or without a UV stabilizer, results in an impressive up to 99% enhancement in antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This discovery not only bolsters the protective attributes of HDPE packaging but also presents a compelling case for the development of active packaging materials derived from DE/ZnO composites. This study bridges the gap between packaging and seafood quality, introducing advanced polymeric packaging technology for seafood products. It highlights the mutually beneficial link between packaging improvements and ensuring seafood quality, meeting industry needs while promoting sustainability.
Keywords	active packaging ; food packaging ; seafood ; antimicrobial ; zinc oxide ; UV stabilizers ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Naked Mole-Rats Demonstrate Profound Tolerance to Low Oxygen, High Carbon Dioxide, and Chemical Pain

Vince G. Amoroso / Aishi Zhao / Isabel Vargas / Thomas J. Park

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 819, p

2023 Volume 819

Abstract: Naked mole-rats ( Heterocephalus glaber ) are very unusual among subterranean mammals in that they live in large colonies and are extremely social, spending large amounts of time gathered together in underground nests more than a meter below the surface. ...

Abstract	Naked mole-rats ( Heterocephalus glaber ) are very unusual among subterranean mammals in that they live in large colonies and are extremely social, spending large amounts of time gathered together in underground nests more than a meter below the surface. Many respiring individuals resting in deep, poorly ventilated nests deplete the oxygen supply and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide. Consistent with living in that atmosphere, naked mole-rats tolerate levels of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide that are deadly to most surface-dwelling mammals. Naked mole-rats appear to have evolved a number of remarkable adaptations to be able to thrive in this harsh atmosphere. In order to successfully survive low oxygen atmospheres, they conserve energy utilization by reducing the physiological activity of all organs, manifest by reduced heart rate and brain activity. Amazingly, they resort to the anaerobic metabolism of fructose rather than glucose as a fuel to generate energy when challenged by anoxia. Similarly, high carbon dioxide atmospheres normally cause tissue acidosis, while naked mole-rats have a genetic mutation preventing both acid-induced pain and pulmonary edema. Together, these putative adaptations and the tolerances they provide make the naked mole-rat an important model for studying a host of biomedical challenges.
Keywords	naked mole-rat ; hypoxia ; anoxia ; pain ; Na V 1.7 ; HIF-1a ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Compromised Improvement of Poor Visibility Due to PM Chemical Composition Changes in South Korea

Jaein I. Jeong / Jisu Seo / Rokjin J. Park

Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5310, p

2022 Volume 5310

Abstract: Fine particulate matter (PM) significantly affects visibility, a sensitive indicator of air pollution. Despite a continuous decrease in the PM concentrations in South Korea, the public generally believes that PM air pollution has worsened over the past ... ...

Abstract	Fine particulate matter (PM) significantly affects visibility, a sensitive indicator of air pollution. Despite a continuous decrease in the PM concentrations in South Korea, the public generally believes that PM air pollution has worsened over the past years. To explain this disparity, we analyzed the characteristics of recent visibility changes using observations of visibility and PM component data observed in Seoul, South Korea, from 2012 to 2018. A significant negative correlation (R = −0.96) existed between visibility and concentrations of PM, with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ); a high PM 2.5 concentration was the most important contributor to poor visibility. Annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations in Seoul decreased by −5.1% yr −1 during 2012–2018, whereas annual mean visibility improved by 2.1% yr −1 . We found that a lower improvement in visibility was associated with changes in the PM component. Among the PM components affecting poor visibility, contributions of ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) significantly increased during 2012–2018 (from 48% in 2012 to 59% in 2018). Increases in NO 3 − aerosol concentrations were owing to SO x emission reduction and the resulting decreases in SO 4 2− aerosol concentrations, which led to an increase in NH 3 available for additional NH 4 NO 3 production in the atmosphere. Despite decreased PM concentrations in Seoul, the change of PM components has compromised visibility improvement; thus, NO 3 − concentrations need to be reduced.
Keywords	visibility ; PM 2.5 ; nitrate ; air quality ; South Korea ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333 ; 290
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Design and evaluation of CO 2 observation network to optimize surface CO 2 fluxes in Asia using observation system simulation experiments

J. Park / H. M. Kim

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 20, Pp 5175-

2020 Volume 5195

Abstract: Continuous efforts have been made to monitor atmospheric CO 2 mole fractions as it is one of the most influential greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere. The atmospheric CO 2 mole fractions are mostly determined by CO 2 exchanges at the Earth's surface ( ... ...

Abstract	Continuous efforts have been made to monitor atmospheric CO 2 mole fractions as it is one of the most influential greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere. The atmospheric CO 2 mole fractions are mostly determined by CO 2 exchanges at the Earth's surface (i.e., surface CO 2 flux). Inverse modeling, which is a method to estimate the CO 2 exchanges at the Earth's surface, derives surface CO 2 fluxes using modeled and observed atmospheric CO 2 mole fraction data. Although observation data are crucial for successful modeling, comparatively fewer in situ observation sites are located in Asia compared to Europe or North America. Based on the importance of the terrestrial ecosystem of Asia for global carbon exchanges, more observation stations and an effective observation network design are required. In this paper, several observation network experiments were conducted to optimize the surface CO 2 flux of Asia using CarbonTracker and observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The impacts of the redistribution of and additions to the existing observation network of Asia were evaluated using hypothetical in situ observation sites. In the case of the addition experiments, 10 observation stations, which is a practical number for real implementation, were added through three strategies: random addition, the influence matrix (i.e., self-sensitivity), and ecoregion information within the model. The simulated surface CO 2 flux in Asia in summer can be improved by redistributing the existing observation network. The addition experiments revealed that considering both the distribution of normalized self-sensitivity and ecoregion information can yield better simulated surface CO 2 fluxes compared to random addition, regardless of the season. This study provides a diagnosis of the existing observation network and useful information for future observation network design in Asia to estimate the surface CO 2 flux and also suggests the use of an influence matrix for designing CO 2 observation networks. Unlike other previous ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploring how greenspace programmes might be effective in supporting people with problem substance use

Wendy Masterton / Tessa Parkes / Hannah Carver / Kirsty J. Park

BMC Public Health, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a realist interview study

2022 Volume 19

Abstract: Abstract Background Greenspace programmes are health projects run outside in nature, typically with the aim of improving mental health. Research suggests that programmes may also be effective in supporting people with problem substance use (PSU), but ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Greenspace programmes are health projects run outside in nature, typically with the aim of improving mental health. Research suggests that programmes may also be effective in supporting people with problem substance use (PSU), but there is limited understanding of the key components that make them successful for this client group. Previous work has claimed that a realist-informed intervention framework for greenspace programmes for mental health could be transferable to programmes that support people with PSU, and that this could provide insight into the causal processes within programmes. However, this claim is yet to be explored in depth. The aim of this study was to further test, refine, and consolidate the proposed framework to show how greenspace programmes could support people with PSU. Methods Using a realist approach, 17 participants (8 programme staff; 9 wider stakeholders) were interviewed about contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMOs) relative to greenspace programmes for mental health and PSU. Semi-structured interviews were used since they facilitated exploration of the proposed framework but were flexible enough to allow identification of new CMOs for framework refinement. Interviews were audio-recorded, fully transcribed, and analysed inductively and deductively against the proposed framework. Results Findings supported the proposed framework and indicated that greenspace programmes support people with poor mental health and PSU due to: feelings of escape; space to reflect; physical activity; self-efficacy; feelings of purpose; relationships; and shared experiences. However, data showed that programmes must also consider: explicit intervention focus to ensure adequate support for clients; existing challenges with funding and stakeholder buy-in; and the impact of COVID-19. Findings allowed development of a refined framework that shows how greenspace programmes can support people with PSU. Conclusion The findings of this project are theoretically novel and have practical ...
Keywords	Greenspace ; Natured-based interventions ; Green care ; Substance use ; Mental health ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reciprocal change of occipitocervical parameters after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Eugene J. Park / Seungho Chung / Woo-Kie Min

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract To evaluate the reciprocal changes in occipitocervical parameters according to the recovery of cervical lordosis (CL) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with sagittal imbalance. Sixty-five cases that underwent ACDF ... ...

Abstract	Abstract To evaluate the reciprocal changes in occipitocervical parameters according to the recovery of cervical lordosis (CL) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with sagittal imbalance. Sixty-five cases that underwent ACDF were followed. They were divided according to the recovery of the CL: Group 1 (ΔCL > 5°, 30 cases) and Group 2 (ΔCL < 5°, 35 cases). The following parameters were measured: occiput-cervical inclination (OCI), CL, occiput-C2 angle (OC2A), distance between external occipital protuberance and spinous process of C2 (OC2D), distance between spinous processes of C2 and C7 (C27D), and shortest distance between the plumb line of C2 body and posterosuperior corner of C7 (C27SVA). Overall, all parameters changed significantly after ACDF. Preoperative CL and preoperative C27D showed a correlation with ΔCL. ΔCL was negatively correlated with ΔC27D and ΔC27SVA. In Group 1, CL increased from − 2.60 ± 1.88° to 11.57 ± 1.83°, OC2A decreased from 23.96 ± 2.05° to 19.87 ± 1.36°, OC2D increased from 82.96 ± 1.48 mm to 86.50 ± 1.81 mm, C27D decreased from 95.61 ± 2.66 mm to 87.01 ± 2.50 mm, and C27SVA decreased from 24.14 ± 2.20 mm to 17.06 ± 2.14 mm. In Group 2, only OCI decreased significantly after ACDF. ACDF can increase CL postoperatively in patients with cervical sagittal imbalance. Patients with significant CL recovery after ACDF showed a reciprocal change in occipitocervical parameters. (OC2A, OC2D).
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: CAMx–UNIPAR simulation of secondary organic aerosol mass formed from multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons under the Central Valley urban atmospheres of California

Y. Jo / M. Jang / S. Han / A. Madhu / B. Koo / Y. Jia / Z. Yu / S. Kim / J. Park

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 24, Pp 487-

2024 Volume 508

Abstract: The UNIfied Partitioning-Aerosol phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model was integrated into the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) to process secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation by capturing multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons (HCs) in ... ...

Abstract	The UNIfied Partitioning-Aerosol phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model was integrated into the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) to process secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation by capturing multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons (HCs) in regional scales. SOA growth was simulated using a wide range of anthropogenic HCs, including 10 aromatics and linear alkanes with different carbon lengths. The atmospheric processes of biogenic HCs (isoprene, terpenes, and sesquiterpene) were simulated for major oxidation paths (ozone, OH radicals, and nitrate radicals) to predict day and night SOA formation. The UNIPAR model streamlined the multiphase partitioning of the lumping species originating from semi-explicitly predicted gas products and their heterogeneous chemistry to form non-volatile oligomeric species in both organic aerosol and inorganic aqueous phase. The CAMx–UNIPAR model predicted SOA formation at four ground urban sites (San Jose, Sacramento, Fresno, and Bakersfield) in California, United States, during wintertime 2018. Overall, the simulated mass concentrations of the total organic matter, consisting of primary organic aerosol and SOA, showed a good agreement with the observations. The simulated SOA mass in the urban areas of California was predominated by alkane and terpene oxidation products. During the daytime, low-volatility products originating from the autoxidation of long-chain alkanes considerably contributed to the SOA mass. In contrast, a significant amount of nighttime SOA was produced by the reaction of terpene with ozone or nitrate radicals. The spatial distributions of anthropogenic SOA associated with aromatic and alkane HCs were noticeably affected by the southward wind direction, owing to the relatively long lifetime of their atmospheric oxidation, whereas those of biogenic SOA were nearly insensitive to wind direction. During wintertime 2018, the impact of inorganic aerosol hygroscopicity on the total SOA budget was not evident because of the small contribution of aromatic ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Has a U.S. Developmental Education Reform for Academically Underprepared Students Affected College Enrollment?

Pei Hu / Christine G. Mokher / Kai Zhao / Toby J. Park-Gaghan / Shouping Hu

SAGE Open, Vol

2023 Volume 13

Abstract: State policymakers in the United States have in recent years experimented with new initiatives to change the procedures used by public institutions to assess and assign academically underprepared students to non-credit developmental education (or ... ...

Abstract	State policymakers in the United States have in recent years experimented with new initiatives to change the procedures used by public institutions to assess and assign academically underprepared students to non-credit developmental education (or remedial) courses. This study explores whether the most recent developmental education reform in Floridas—Senate Bill 1720 has affected student enrollment in the Florida College System (FCS) institutions and whether the enrollment effects vary by race/ethnicity and age. Through a difference-in-differences analysis, we did not find statistically significant effects of the reform on the college enrollment in Florida, neither on the racial or age compositions of the student population, compared to non-Florida institutions in the surrounding region. These null results provide valuable implications for policy and research consideration in Florida and beyond.
Keywords	History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	336
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Self-Placement in Math Courses at U.S. Community Colleges

Kai Zhao / Toby J. Park-Gaghan / Christine G. Mokher / Shouping Hu

SAGE Open, Vol

Contributing Factors and Impacts on Student Success

2023 Volume 13

Abstract: Self-placement in math is becoming increasingly popular in community colleges in the U.S., where students will decide for themselves whether to enroll in non-credit developmental (or remedial) math courses. To fully understand the factors associated with ...

Abstract	Self-placement in math is becoming increasingly popular in community colleges in the U.S., where students will decide for themselves whether to enroll in non-credit developmental (or remedial) math courses. To fully understand the factors associated with students’ math enrollment choices and the long-term effects of initial math enrollment choices, we use data from all first-time-in-college students in the Florida College System to conduct a multinomial logistic regression analysis and an inverse-probability regression adjustment analysis. We find that most students chose to directly enroll in college-level math, with significant differences by gender and high school math preparation. First-year math enrollment choices were significantly associated with likelihood of passing college-level math and the number of college credits by the third year.
Keywords	History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Active Packaging Material Based on Immobilized Diatomaceous Earth/Zinc Oxide/High-Density Polyethylene Composite for Sea Food and Products

Korakot Charoensri / Yang J. Shin / Kyu C. Kim / Hyun J. Park

Polymers, Vol 14, Iss 5228, p

2022 Volume 5228

Abstract: One of the key factors of supporting the rapidly expanding seafood product industry in terms of quality control is the utilization of active packaging materials. Microorganisms are primarily responsible for the perishability and rapid disintegration of ... ...

Abstract	One of the key factors of supporting the rapidly expanding seafood product industry in terms of quality control is the utilization of active packaging materials. Microorganisms are primarily responsible for the perishability and rapid disintegration of seafood. The incorporation of an inorganic compound, such as silica-based diatomaceous earth (DE), and a metal oxide, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), is proposed to develop active packaging materials with excellent antibacterial activity, minimized fishy odor, and brittleness at subzero temperatures. The mechanical, morphological, and physicochemical properties of these materials were investigated. The results show that the addition of DE/ZnO improved the antibacterial activity of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) samples by up to approximately 95% against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Additionally, it enhanced the Izod strength and stability at subzero temperatures of the samples. The odor evaporation test revealed that trimethylamine can be minimized in proportion to increasing DE/ZnO composite concentration. As a result, the development of active packaging materials from DE/ZnO composites is an emerging polymeric packaging technology for seafood products, wherein packaging and seafood quality are linked.
Keywords	active packaging ; food packaging ; seafood ; antimicrobial ; diatomaceous earth ; zinc oxide ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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