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Article ; Online: Arterial myeloperoxidase in the detection and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: a new dawn for an old light.

Nadel, James / Jabbour, Andrew / Stocker, Roland

2022 Volume 119, Issue 1, Page(s) 112–120

Abstract: Intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a specific role in the innate immune response; however, upon release into the extracellular space in the setting of inflammation, drives oxidative tissue injury. Extracellular MPO has recently been shown to be ... ...

Abstract	Intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a specific role in the innate immune response; however, upon release into the extracellular space in the setting of inflammation, drives oxidative tissue injury. Extracellular MPO has recently been shown to be abundant in unstable atheroma and causally linked to plaque destabilization, erosion, and rupture, identifying it as a potential target for the surveillance and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerosis. Through the compartmentalization of MPO's protective and deleterious effects, extracellular MPO can be selectively detected using non-invasive molecular imaging and targeted by burgeoning pharmacotherapies. Given its causal relationship to plaque destabilization coupled with an ability to preserve its beneficial properties, MPO is potentially a superior translational inflammatory target compared with other immunomodulatory therapies and imaging biomarkers utilized to date. This review explores the role of MPO in plaque destabilization and provides insights into how it can be harnessed in the management of patients with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Peroxidase ; Atherosclerosis/etiology ; Arteries ; Inflammation/complications
Chemical Substances	Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80340-6
ISSN	1755-3245 ; 0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
ISSN	0008-6363
DOI	10.1093/cvr/cvac081
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Article: Atrial cardiomyopathy: Current and future imaging methods for assessment of atrial structure and function.

Kessler Iglesias, Cassia / Pouliopoulos, Jim / Thomas, Liza / Hayward, Christopher S / Jabbour, Andrew / Fatkin, Diane

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1099625

Abstract: Changes in atrial size and function have historically been considered a surrogate marker of ventricular dysfunction. However, it is now recognized that atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) may also occur as a primary myocardial disorder. Emerging evidence that ... ...

Abstract	Changes in atrial size and function have historically been considered a surrogate marker of ventricular dysfunction. However, it is now recognized that atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) may also occur as a primary myocardial disorder. Emerging evidence that ACM is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and thromboembolic stroke, has highlighted the significance of this disorder and the need for better assessment of atrial metrics in clinical practice. Key barriers in this regard include a lack of standardized criteria or hierarchy for the diagnosis of ACM and lack of consensus for the most accurate phenotyping methods. In this article we review existing literature on ACM, with a focus on current and future non-invasive imaging methods for detecting abnormalities of atrial structure and function. We discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for assessing a range of parameters, including atrial size and contractile function, strain, tissue characteristics, and epicardial adipose tissue. We will also present the potential application of novel imaging methods such as sphericity index and four- or five-dimensional flow.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2023.1099625
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Article ; Online: The Authors' Reply.

Jabbour, Andrew / Imran, Muhammad

JACC. Cardiovascular imaging

2019 Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) 948–949

MeSH term(s)	Allografts ; Heart ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2491503-8
ISSN	1876-7591 ; 1936-878X
ISSN (online)	1876-7591
ISSN	1936-878X
DOI	10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.02.012
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Zs.A 6846: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Ex vivo coronary artery computed tomography for atherosclerotic plaque characterization.

Nadel, James / Giannotti, Nicola / Kong, Stephanie / Ugander, Martin / Jabbour, Andrew / Stocker, Roland

Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography

2023 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 358–360

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Coronary Angiography/methods ; Computed Tomography Angiography/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2394360-9
ISSN	1876-861X ; 1934-5925
ISSN (online)	1876-861X
ISSN	1934-5925
DOI	10.1016/j.jcct.2023.03.011
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Zs.A 6761: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Metabolic Sequelae of Everolimus Treatment After Cardiac Transplant: A Hypothesis-Generating Study.

Raven, Lisa M / Muir, Christopher A / Pouliopoulos, Jim / Hayward, Christopher S / Macdonald, Peter S / Greenfield, Jerry R / Jabbour, Andrew

Heart, lung & circulation

2023 Volume 32, Issue 9, Page(s) 1076–1079

Abstract: Background: Although modern immunosuppressants improve survival post-transplant, they are associated with long-term metabolic complications, such as post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimens using everolimus ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although modern immunosuppressants improve survival post-transplant, they are associated with long-term metabolic complications, such as post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimens using everolimus attenuate some complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy. However, the metabolic effects of everolimus following transplant are less clear. Methods: Post-hoc analysis to compare PTDM and other metabolic outcomes in participants of a randomised open-label clinical trial of low-dose everolimus and tacrolimus versus standard-dose tacrolimus in heart transplant recipients (RADTAC Results: There were 39 participants in the trial; mean follow-up was 6.4±1.5 years. There was a high rate of pre-existing diabetes (26%) and newly diagnosed PTDM (36%) during follow-up. Half the patients who developed PTDM in the everolimus-tacrolimus group (n=4/8) ceased diabetes medications during follow-up, which was not observed in patients on standard tacrolimus (n=0/6). In the first 12 months there was a higher use of non-insulin treatment for diabetes in the everolimus-tacrolimus group compared to the standard tacrolimus group. Conclusions: This study suggests that treatment with everolimus may be associated with improved glycaemic control of PTDM relative to treatment with standard doses of calcineurin inhibitor. These findings should be further studied in prospective randomised trials.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Everolimus ; Tacrolimus/therapeutic use ; Calcineurin Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Prospective Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart Transplantation ; Disease Progression ; Graft Rejection
Chemical Substances	Everolimus (9HW64Q8G6G) ; Tacrolimus (WM0HAQ4WNM) ; Calcineurin Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020980-0
ISSN	1444-2892 ; 1443-9506
ISSN (online)	1444-2892
ISSN	1443-9506
DOI	10.1016/j.hlc.2023.05.014
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Zs.A 4988: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cardiotoxicity in autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis.

Penglase, Ross / Girgis, Laila / Englert, Helen / Brennan, Xavier / Jabbour, Andrew / Kotlyar, Eugene / Ma, David / Moore, John

Journal of scleroderma and related disorders

2023 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 87–100

Abstract: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is now well-established as an effective treatment for severe systemic sclerosis with clear demonstration of favourable end-organ and survival outcomes. Treatment-related cardiotoxicity remains the ... ...

Abstract	Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is now well-established as an effective treatment for severe systemic sclerosis with clear demonstration of favourable end-organ and survival outcomes. Treatment-related cardiotoxicity remains the predominant safety concern and contraindicates autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease. In this review, we describe the cardiovascular outcomes of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients, discuss the potential mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and propose future mitigating strategies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2397-1991
ISSN (online)	2397-1991
DOI	10.1177/23971983221145639
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Article ; Online: Cost-Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Rejection Surveillance After Cardiac Transplantation in the Australian Health Care System.

Pouliopoulos, Jim / Anthony, Chris / Imran, Muhammad / Graham, Robert M / McCrohon, Jane / Holloway, Cameron / Kotlyar, Eugene / Muthiah, Kavitha / Keogh, Anne M / Hayward, Christopher S / Macdonald, Peter S / Jabbour, Andrew

Heart, lung & circulation

2024

Abstract: Background: Heart transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage congestive heart failure, however, achieving the right balance of immunosuppression to maintain graft function while minimising adverse effects is challenging. Serial ... ...

Abstract	Background: Heart transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage congestive heart failure, however, achieving the right balance of immunosuppression to maintain graft function while minimising adverse effects is challenging. Serial endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) are currently the standard for rejection surveillance, despite being invasive. Replacing EMB-based surveillance with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-based surveillance for acute cardiac allograft rejection has shown feasibility. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of CMR-based surveillance in the first year after heart transplantation. Method: A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 40 orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients. Participants were randomly allocated into two surveillance groups: EMB-based, and CMR-based. The trial included economic evaluations, comparing the frequency and cost of surveillance modalities in relation to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) within the first year post-transplantation. Sensitivity analysis encompassed modelled data from observed EMB and CMR arms, integrating two hypothetical models of expedited CMR-based surveillance. Results: In the CMR cohort, 238 CMR scans and 15 EMBs were conducted, versus (vs) 235 EMBs in the EMB group. CMR surveillance yielded comparable rejection rates (CMR 74 vs EMB 94 events, p=0.10) and did not increase hospitalisation risk (CMR 32 vs EMB 46 events, p=0.031). It significantly reduced the necessity for invasive EMBs by 94%, lowered costs by an average of AUD$32,878.61, and enhanced cumulative QALY by 0.588 compared with EMB. Sensitivity analysis showed that increased surveillance with expedited CMR Models 1 and 2 were more cost-effective than EMB (all p<0.01), with CMR Model 1 achieving the greatest cost savings (AUD$34,091.12±AUD$23,271.86 less) and utility increase (+0.62±1.49 QALYs, p=0.011), signifying an optimal cost-utility ratio. Model 2 showed comparable utility to the base CMR model (p=0.900) while offering the benefit of heightened surveillance frequency during periods of elevated rejection risk. Conclusions: CMR-based rejection surveillance in orthotopic heart transplant recipients provides a cost-effective alternative to EMB-based surveillance. Furthermore, it reduces the need for invasive procedures, without increased risk of rejection or hospitalisation for patients, and can be incorporated economically for expedited surveillance. These findings have important implications for improving patient care and optimising resource allocation in post-transplant management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020980-0
ISSN	1444-2892 ; 1443-9506
ISSN (online)	1444-2892
ISSN	1443-9506
DOI	10.1016/j.hlc.2024.03.004
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Article ; Online: Diabetes medication following heart transplantation: a focus on novel cardioprotective therapies-a joint review from endocrinologists and cardiologists.

Raven, Lisa M / Muir, Christopher A / Macdonald, Peter S / Hayward, Christopher S / Jabbour, Andrew / Greenfield, Jerry R

Acta diabetologica

2022 Volume 60, Issue 4, Page(s) 471–480

Abstract: There is accumulating evidence that novel glucose-lowering agents infer potent cardiovascular and renal benefits. Therefore, it is imperative to reassess the management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and consider the role of newer agents. With ... ...

Abstract	There is accumulating evidence that novel glucose-lowering agents infer potent cardiovascular and renal benefits. Therefore, it is imperative to reassess the management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and consider the role of newer agents. With improved transplant-related survival and high prevalence of post-transplant diabetes, management of long-term complications such as diabetes are increasingly important. There are limited guidelines to assist in choice of appropriate agents after solid organ transplantation. Traditional therapies including insulin and sulfonylureas may still have a role; however, other agents should be considered prior. The evidence of novel glucose-lowering agents in post-transplant care is limited, and most studies have focused on kidney transplant recipients. While there are some parallels between renal and cardiac transplant recipients, the potential cardiovascular benefits, particularly on cardiac fibrosis are unique to cardiac transplantation. The treatment of diabetes, with a focus on additional cardiac and renal benefits, needs to be brought to the forefront of post-transplant care with incorporation of recent evidence outside of transplantation. The role for novel glucose-lowering agents in cardiac transplant recipients will be explored, with a summary of available evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiologists ; Endocrinologists ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/etiology ; Heart Transplantation/adverse effects ; Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
Chemical Substances	Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1097676-0
ISSN	1432-5233 ; 0940-5429
ISSN (online)	1432-5233
ISSN	0940-5429
DOI	10.1007/s00592-022-02018-3
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Zs.A 611: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Pulsatile energy consumption as a surrogate marker for vascular afterload improves with time post transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis.

Song, Ning / Adji, Audrey I / Hungerford, Sara L / Namasivayam, Mayooran J / Hayward, Christopher S / Jabbour, Andrew / Muller, David W M

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

2022 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 730–741

Abstract: The effect of arterial stiffening on elevated pulsatile left ventricular afterload patients with aortic stenosis (AS) is pronounced beyond systemic hypertension. Circulatory afterload pulsatile efficiency (CAPE) is a marker of vascular function, defined ... ...

Abstract	The effect of arterial stiffening on elevated pulsatile left ventricular afterload patients with aortic stenosis (AS) is pronounced beyond systemic hypertension. Circulatory afterload pulsatile efficiency (CAPE) is a marker of vascular function, defined as the ratio of steady state energy consumption (SEC) to maintain systemic circulation and pulsatile energy consumption (PEC). Twenty patients aged 80 ± 7 years were assessed at baseline and a median of 60 days post transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), with pulsatile vascular load calculated using simultaneous radial applanation tonometry derived aortic pressure and cardiac magnetic resonance phase-contrast imaging derived ascending aortic flow. Eight out of 20 patients had a reduction in PEC post TAVR, and the reduction of PEC correlated strongly with the number of days post TAVR (R = 0.62, P < 0.01). Patients assessed within the 100 days of TAVR had a rise in their PEC when compared to baseline (0.19 ± 0.09 vs 0.14 ± 0.08 W, P = 0.04). Baseline PEC correlated moderately with baseline SEC (R = 0.49, P = 0.03), and a high baseline PEC was predictive of post TAVR PEC reduction (R = 0.54, P =0.01). Overall, no significant differences were found between baseline and post TAVR for systolic aortic pressure (131 ± 20 vs 131 ± 20 mmHg), systemic vascular resistance (1894 ± 493 vs 2015 ± 519 dynes.s/cm
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Biomarkers ; Severity of Illness Index
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1175297-x
ISSN	1348-4214 ; 0916-9636
ISSN (online)	1348-4214
ISSN	0916-9636
DOI	10.1038/s41440-022-01127-4
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Zs.A 3898: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of myeloperoxidase activity identifies culprit lesions and predicts future atherothrombosis.

Nadel, James / Wang, Xiaoying / Saha, Prakash / Bongers, André / Tumanov, Sergey / Giannotti, Nicola / Chen, Weiyu / Vigder, Niv / Chowdhury, Mohammed M / da Cruz, Gastao Lima / Velasco, Carlos / Prieto, Claudia / Jabbour, Andrew / Botnar, René M / Stocker, Roland / Phinikaridou, Alkystis

European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice

2024 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) qyae004

Abstract: Aims: Unstable atherosclerotic plaques have increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). We examined whether molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intraplaque MPO activity predicts future atherothrombosis in rabbits and correlates with ruptured ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Unstable atherosclerotic plaques have increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). We examined whether molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intraplaque MPO activity predicts future atherothrombosis in rabbits and correlates with ruptured human atheroma. Methods and results: Plaque MPO activity was assessed Conclusion: We show that elevated intraplaque MPO activity detected by molecular MRI employing MPO-Gd predicts future atherothrombosis in a rabbit model and detects ruptured human atheroma, strengthening the translational potential of this approach to prospectively detect high-risk atherosclerosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2755-9637
ISSN (online)	2755-9637
DOI	10.1093/ehjimp/qyae004
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