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  1. Article ; Online: Evidence of elevated heavy metals concentrations in wild and farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) in New England.

    Shaughnessy, Brianna K / Jackson, Brian P / Byrnes, Jarrett E K

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 17644

    Abstract: Seaweed farming in the United States is gaining significant financial and political support due to prospects to sustainably expand domestic economies with environmentally friendly products. Several networks are seeking appropriate synthesis of available ... ...

    Abstract Seaweed farming in the United States is gaining significant financial and political support due to prospects to sustainably expand domestic economies with environmentally friendly products. Several networks are seeking appropriate synthesis of available science to both inform policy and substantiate the sector's sustainability claims. Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding seaweed-specific food hazards and their mitigation; a resource-intensive challenge that can inhibit sustainable policies. This is particularly concerning for rapidly expanding Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) crops, a brown seaweed that is known to accumulate heavy metals linked to food hazards. Here, we present baseline information about concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, in both wild and farmed sugar kelp from the New England region. We interpret our findings based on proximity to potential sources of contamination, location on blade, and available heavy metals standards. Contrary to our expectations, high concentrations were widespread in both wild and farmed populations, regardless of proximity to contamination. We find, like others, that cadmium and arsenic consistently reach levels of regulatory concern, and that dried seaweeds could harbor higher concentrations compared to raw products. We also share unique findings that suggest some toxins concentrate at the base of kelp blades. Our results are one step towards aggregating vital data for the region to expand its seaweed farming footprint.
    MeSH term(s) Kelp ; Arsenic ; Cadmium ; Sugars ; Phaeophyceae ; Metals, Heavy ; Seaweed
    Chemical Substances Arsenic (N712M78A8G) ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Sugars ; Metals, Heavy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-44685-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Low level determination of gallium isotopes by ICP-QQQ.

    Jackson, Brian P

    Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry

    2018  Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 897–900

    Abstract: Determination of low concentrations of Ga in environmental or biological samples can benefit from interference free measurement of both Ga isotopes. Unfortunately, both isotopes have potential interferences, i.e doubly charged Ba at m/z 69 and MnO at 71. ...

    Abstract Determination of low concentrations of Ga in environmental or biological samples can benefit from interference free measurement of both Ga isotopes. Unfortunately, both isotopes have potential interferences, i.e doubly charged Ba at m/z 69 and MnO at 71. Analysis using collision and reaction gases by ICP-QQQ as an alternative to HR-ICP-MS is investigated here using conventional nebulization and a desolvating nebulizer. Analysis at m/z 71 is not appreciably affected by MnO at 200 ug/l Mn or in either water reference material; excellent detection limits of < 0.1 ng/l were obtained for He, H
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1484654-8
    ISSN 1364-5544 ; 0267-9477
    ISSN (online) 1364-5544
    ISSN 0267-9477
    DOI 10.1039/C8JA00073E
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Urinary biomarkers of exposure to toxic and essential elements: A comparison of infants fed with human milk or formula.

    Pikounis, Talia D / Amann, Kassaundra L / Jackson, Brian P / Punshon, Tracy / Gilbert-Diamond, Diane / Korrick, Susan / Karagas, Margaret R / Cottingham, Kathryn L

    Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2024  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) e286

    Abstract: Background: Early-life exposure to nonessential (toxic) and essential trace elements can influence child development. Although infant formula powders and the water used to reconstitute them can contain higher concentrations of many elements compared ... ...

    Abstract Background: Early-life exposure to nonessential (toxic) and essential trace elements can influence child development. Although infant formula powders and the water used to reconstitute them can contain higher concentrations of many elements compared with human milk, the influence of feeding mode on reliable biomarkers of infant exposure has rarely been demonstrated.
    Methods: We evaluated associations between urinary biomarkers and feeding mode (exclusively human milk, exclusively formula, or combination-fed) for four toxic (arsenic, cadmium, nickel, and uranium) and three essential elements (cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium) using general linear models.
    Results: A total of 462 participants from the rural New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study were on average 6 weeks old between July 2012 and March 2019 and had urine samples, 3-day food diaries, and relevant covariate data available. In adjusted models, urinary arsenic was 5.15 (95% confidence interval = 4.04, 6.58), molybdenum was 19.02 (14.13-25.59), and selenium was 1.51 (1.35-1.68) times higher in infants fed exclusively with formula compared with infants fed exclusively with human milk. By contrast, urinary uranium was 0.59 (0.46-0.75) and cobalt was 0.78 (0.65-0.95) times lower with formula feeding than human milk feeding.
    Conclusion: Our findings suggest that infant exposure to several potentially toxic elements varies by feeding mode, as concentrations of reliable urinary biomarkers were higher with formula or human milk, depending on the element. Importantly, exposure to arsenic increased with household tap water arsenic regardless of feeding mode, suggesting that all infants could be at risk in populations with high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2474-7882
    ISSN (online) 2474-7882
    DOI 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000286
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Associations of Perinatal Metal and Metalloid Exposures with Early Child Behavioral Development Over Time in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

    Bauer, Julia A / Romano, Megan E / Jackson, Brian P / Bellinger, David / Korrick, Susan / Karagas, Margaret R

    Exposure and health

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 135–148

    Abstract: Research on the neurodevelopmental effects of metal(loid)s has focused mainly on outcomes assessed at one time point, even though brain development progresses over time. We investigated biomarkers of perinatal exposure to metals and changes in child ... ...

    Abstract Research on the neurodevelopmental effects of metal(loid)s has focused mainly on outcomes assessed at one time point, even though brain development progresses over time. We investigated biomarkers of perinatal exposure to metals and changes in child behavior over time. We followed 268 participants from the prospective New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study between birth and age 5 years. We measured arsenic (As), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in toenails from 6-week-old infants. The Behavioral Symptoms Index (BSI), externalizing, and internalizing symptoms were assessed using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2) at ages 3 and 5 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations of metals with behavior change, calculated as the difference in symptom raw scores between 3 and 5 years, in addition to the associations for symptom scores at 3 and 5 years separately. Sex-specific associations were also explored using stratified models and a sex-metal interaction term. Adjusted associations of metals and change in behavior varied by exposure and outcome. Each 1 μg/g increase in ln toenail Cu was associated with improved behavior between 3 and 5 years [BSI:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2847071-0
    ISSN 2451-9685 ; 2451-9766
    ISSN (online) 2451-9685
    ISSN 2451-9766
    DOI 10.1007/s12403-023-00543-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Essential micronutrient and toxic trace element concentrations in gluten containing and gluten-free foods.

    Punshon, Tracy / Jackson, Brian P

    Food chemistry

    2018  Volume 252, Page(s) 258–264

    Abstract: For individuals following a gluten-free (GF) diet, rice is commonly the major grain. People following a GF diet have a higher arsenic burden than the general population. We conducted a multielemental market basket study of GF and gluten containing ... ...

    Abstract For individuals following a gluten-free (GF) diet, rice is commonly the major grain. People following a GF diet have a higher arsenic burden than the general population. We conducted a multielemental market basket study of GF and gluten containing ingredients and prepared foods (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Se, Cd, Sb, Pb, total As, As species, total Hg and methylmercury). Foods containing rice were significantly higher in As, Hg and Pb and lower in Se, Fe, Cu and Zn. Wheat-based foods were higher in Cd. Mercury concentrations were low (<3.5 ng/g); speciation was predominantly methylmercury. Arsenic and mercury in rice were correlated. GF foods contained significantly more As and Hg. Eating a wide variety of GF grains may reduce contaminant exposure and increase micronutrient status compared to a rice-based GF diet.
    MeSH term(s) Arsenic/analysis ; Diet, Gluten-Free ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Glutens/analysis ; Humans ; Mercury/analysis ; Micronutrients/analysis ; Oryza/chemistry ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Triticum/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Micronutrients ; Trace Elements ; Glutens (8002-80-0) ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL) ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 243123-3
    ISSN 1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
    ISSN (online) 1873-7072
    ISSN 0308-8146
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Distribution and accumulation of mercury in pot-grown African rice cultivars (Oryza glaberrima Steud. and Oryza sativa L.) determined via LA-ICP-MS

    Punshon, Tracy / Jackson, Brian P. / Donohue, Alexis / Hong, Chuan / Rothenberg, Sarah E.

    Environ Geochem Health. 2022 Nov., v. 44, no. 11 p.4077-4089

    2022  

    Abstract: There is limited information concerning the distribution of mercury in rice, particularly in African rice. The objective was to compare the distribution of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian ... ...

    Abstract There is limited information concerning the distribution of mercury in rice, particularly in African rice. The objective was to compare the distribution of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian rice (O. sativa L.). It is hypothesized that increased mineral accumulation and greater stress tolerance in O. glaberrima will affect the uptake and distribution of THg and MeHg, compared to O. sativa. Rice varieties from the Republic of Mali, including O. glaberrima (n =1) and O. sativa (n = 2), were cultivated in a greenhouse, in mercury-spiked soil (50 mg/kg) (n =3 replicates/variety). THg and MeHg concentrations were analyzed in the grain (brown rice), and the THg distribution was analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). THg and MeHg concentrations did not differ between O. glaberrima and O. sativa grain. However, in both O. sativa varieties, THg was highly concentrated in the scutellum, which surrounds the embryo and is removed during polishing. Conversely, in O. glaberrima grain, THg was widely distributed throughout the endosperm, the edible portion of the grain. Differences in the THg distribution in O. glaberrima grain, compared to O. sativa, may elevate the risk of mercury exposure through ingestion of polished rice. The novelty of this study includes the investigation of a less-studied rice species (O. glaberrima), the use of a highly sensitive elemental imaging technique (LA-ICP-MS), and its finding of a different grain THg distribution in O. glaberrima than has been observed in O. sativa.
    Keywords Oryza glaberrima ; Oryza sativa ; brown rice ; cultivars ; endosperm ; greenhouses ; mass spectrometry ; mercury ; methylmercury compounds ; risk ; soil ; stress tolerance ; Mali
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-11
    Size p. 4077-4089.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 52039-1
    ISSN 1573-2983 ; 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    ISSN (online) 1573-2983
    ISSN 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    DOI 10.1007/s10653-021-01169-6
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Effects of Formalin Fixation on Trace Element Concentrations in Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Tissues.

    McCormack, Meaghan A / Jackson, Brian P / Dutton, Jessica

    Environmental toxicology and chemistry

    2020  Volume 39, Issue 6, Page(s) 1149–1164

    Abstract: Odontocetes are considered ideal sentinel species to monitor environmental trace element concentrations. Although frozen tissues are preferable for trace element analysis, formalin-fixed tissues are often the only samples available; however, it is ... ...

    Abstract Odontocetes are considered ideal sentinel species to monitor environmental trace element concentrations. Although frozen tissues are preferable for trace element analysis, formalin-fixed tissues are often the only samples available; however, it is uncertain whether formalin fixation alters tissue trace element concentrations. To explore whether formalin-fixed tissues could be utilized for toxicology studies, concentrations of 14 trace elements (arsenic [As], cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc [Zn]) were measured in frozen and formalin-fixed bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) tissues following short-term (6 wk; tissues: blubber, liver, and lung) and long-term preservation (3-7 yr; tissues: blubber, brain, kidney, liver, lung, and skin) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Following both short-term and long-term preservation, there were significant differences in tissue trace element concentrations between preservation methods. Some trace elements were found in greater concentrations in frozen tissues compared with formalin-fixed tissues, suggesting leaching (e.g., mean As concentrations were between 1.4 and 7.6 times greater in frozen tissues). In contrast, other trace elements were found in greater concentrations in formalin-fixed tissues compared with frozen tissues, suggesting contamination (e.g., mean Zn concentrations were up to 8.7 times higher in some formalin-fixed tissues). Our results suggest that it may be possible to account for the effects of formalin fixation for some trace elements, but leaching and contamination should be carefully considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1149-1164. © 2020 SETAC.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin/metabolism ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Formaldehyde/chemistry ; Limit of Detection ; Time Factors ; Tissue Fixation/methods ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Trace Elements/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Trace Elements ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Formaldehyde (1HG84L3525)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 46234-2
    ISSN 1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
    ISSN (online) 1552-8618
    ISSN 0730-7268
    DOI 10.1002/etc.4709
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Relationship between mercury and selenium concentrations in tissues from stranded odontocetes in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

    McCormack, Meaghan A / Jackson, Brian P / Dutton, Jessica

    The Science of the total environment

    2020  Volume 749, Page(s) 141350

    Abstract: Odontocetes are apex predators that, despite accumulating mercury (Hg) to high concentrations in their tissues, show few signs of Hg toxicity. One method of Hg detoxification in odontocetes includes the sequestering of Hg in toxicologically inert mercury ...

    Abstract Odontocetes are apex predators that, despite accumulating mercury (Hg) to high concentrations in their tissues, show few signs of Hg toxicity. One method of Hg detoxification in odontocetes includes the sequestering of Hg in toxicologically inert mercury selenide (HgSe) compounds. To explore the tissue-specific accumulation of Hg and Se and the potential protective role of Se against Hg toxicity, we measured the concentrations of total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se) in multiple tissues from 11 species of odontocetes that stranded along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast [Florida (FL) and Louisiana (LA)]. Tissues were collected primarily from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus; n = 93); however, individuals from species in the following 8 genera were also sampled: Feresa (n = 1), Globicephala (n = 1), Grampus (n = 2), Kogia (n = 5), Mesoplodon (n = 1), Peponocephala (n = 4), Stenella (n = 9), and Steno (n = 1). In all species, mean THg concentrations were greatest in the liver and lowest in the blubber, lung, or skin. In contrast, in most species, mean Se concentrations were greatest in the liver, lung, or skin, and lowest in the blubber. For all species combined, Se:Hg molar ratios decreased with increasing THg concentration in the blubber, kidney, liver, lung, and skin following an exponential decay relationship. In bottlenose dolphins, THg concentrations in the kidney, liver, and lung were significantly greater in FL dolphins compared to LA dolphins. On average, in bottlenose dolphins, Se:Hg molar ratios were approximately 1:1 in the liver and >1:1 in blubber, kidney, lung, and skin, suggesting that Se likely protects against Hg toxicity. However, more research is necessary to understand the variation in Hg accumulation within and among species and to assess how Hg, in combination with other environmental stressors, influences odontocete population health.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Environmental Monitoring ; Florida ; Gulf of Mexico ; Humans ; Louisiana ; Mercury/analysis ; Selenium/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Chemical Substances Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL) ; Selenium (H6241UJ22B)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141350
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Essential micronutrient and toxic trace element concentrations in gluten containing and gluten-free foods

    Punshon, Tracy / Jackson, Brian P

    Food chemistry. 2018 June 30, v. 252

    2018  

    Abstract: For individuals following a gluten-free (GF) diet, rice is commonly the major grain. People following a GF diet have a higher arsenic burden than the general population. We conducted a multielemental market basket study of GF and gluten containing ... ...

    Abstract For individuals following a gluten-free (GF) diet, rice is commonly the major grain. People following a GF diet have a higher arsenic burden than the general population. We conducted a multielemental market basket study of GF and gluten containing ingredients and prepared foods (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Se, Cd, Sb, Pb, total As, As species, total Hg and methylmercury). Foods containing rice were significantly higher in As, Hg and Pb and lower in Se, Fe, Cu and Zn. Wheat-based foods were higher in Cd. Mercury concentrations were low (<3.5 ng/g); speciation was predominantly methylmercury. Arsenic and mercury in rice were correlated. GF foods contained significantly more As and Hg. Eating a wide variety of GF grains may reduce contaminant exposure and increase micronutrient status compared to a rice-based GF diet.
    Keywords antimony ; arsenic ; cadmium ; chromium ; cobalt ; copper ; diet ; dietary exposure ; gluten ; gluten-free foods ; ingredients ; iron ; lead ; manganese ; markets ; mercury ; methylmercury compounds ; nickel ; prepared foods ; rice ; toxicity ; zinc
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0630
    Size p. 258-264.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 243123-3
    ISSN 1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
    ISSN (online) 1873-7072
    ISSN 0308-8146
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.120
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  10. Article ; Online: Adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation and its application to trace element mixtures and bladder cancer risk.

    Li, Siting / Karagas, Margaret R / Jackson, Brian P / Passarelli, Michael N / Gui, Jiang

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 17841

    Abstract: Several new statistical methods have been developed to identify the overall impact of an exposure mixture on health outcomes. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression assigns the joint mixture effect weights to indicate the overall association of multiple ... ...

    Abstract Several new statistical methods have been developed to identify the overall impact of an exposure mixture on health outcomes. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression assigns the joint mixture effect weights to indicate the overall association of multiple exposures, and quantile-based g-computation is a generalized version of WQS without the restriction of directional homogeneity. This paper proposes an adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation approach that combines g-computation with an optimal exposure categorization search using the F statistic. AMC-based g-computation reduces variance within each category and retains the variance between categories to build more powerful predictors. In a simulation study, the performance of association analysis was improved using categorizing by AMC compared with quantiles. We applied this method to assess the association between a mixture of 12 trace element concentrations measured from toenails and the risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Our findings suggested that medium-level (116.7-145.5 μg/g) vs. low-level (39.5-116.2 μg/g) of toenail zinc had a statistically significant positive association with bladder cancer risk.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology ; Zinc/analysis ; Research Design ; Bayes Theorem
    Chemical Substances Trace Elements ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-21747-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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