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  1. Article: A Virtual, 3D Multimodal Approach to Victim and Crime Scene Reconstruction.

    Villa, Chiara / Lynnerup, Niels / Jacobsen, Christina

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 17

    Abstract: In the last two decades, forensic pathology and crime scene investigations have seen a rapid increase in examination tools due to the implementation of several imaging techniques, e.g., CT and MR scanning, surface scanning and photogrammetry. These tools ...

    Abstract In the last two decades, forensic pathology and crime scene investigations have seen a rapid increase in examination tools due to the implementation of several imaging techniques, e.g., CT and MR scanning, surface scanning and photogrammetry. These tools encompass relatively simple visualization tools to powerful instruments for performing virtual 3D crime scene reconstructions. A multi-modality and multiscale approach to a crime scene, where 3D models of victims and the crime scene are combined, offers several advantages. A permanent documentation of all evidence in a single 3D environment can be used during the investigation phases (e.g., for testing hypotheses) or during the court procedures (e.g., to visualize the scene and the victim in a more intuitive manner). Advanced computational approaches to understand what might have happened during a crime can also be applied by, e.g., performing a virtual animation of the victim in the actual context, which can provide important information about possible dynamics during the event. Here, we present an overview of the different techniques and modalities used in forensic pathology in conjunction with crime scene investigations. Based on our experiences, the advantages and challenges of an image-based multi-modality approach will be discussed, including how their use may introduce new visualization modalities in court, e.g., virtual reality (VR) and 3D printing. Finally, considerations about future directions in research will be mentioned.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics13172764
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Subject-specific finite element head models for skull fracture evaluation-a new tool in forensic pathology.

    Henningsen, Mikkel Jon / Lindgren, Natalia / Kleiven, Svein / Li, Xiaogai / Jacobsen, Christina / Villa, Chiara

    International journal of legal medicine

    2024  

    Abstract: Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) enables the creation of subject-specific 3D head models suitable for quantitative analysis such as finite element analysis (FEA). FEA of proposed traumatic events is an objective and repeatable numerical method for ... ...

    Abstract Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) enables the creation of subject-specific 3D head models suitable for quantitative analysis such as finite element analysis (FEA). FEA of proposed traumatic events is an objective and repeatable numerical method for assessing whether an event could cause a skull fracture such as seen at autopsy. FEA of blunt force skull fracture in adults with subject-specific 3D models in forensic pathology remains uninvestigated. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of FEA for skull fracture analysis in routine forensic pathology. Five cases with blunt force skull fracture and sufficient information on the kinematics of the traumatic event to enable numerical reconstruction were chosen. Subject-specific finite element (FE) head models were constructed by mesh morphing based on PMCT 3D models and A Detailed and Personalizable Head Model with Axons for Injury Prediction (ADAPT) FE model. Morphing was successful in maintaining subject-specific 3D geometry and quality of the FE mesh in all cases. In three cases, the simulated fracture patterns were comparable in location and pattern to the fractures seen at autopsy/PMCT. In one case, the simulated fracture was in the parietal bone whereas the fracture seen at autopsy/PMCT was in the occipital bone. In another case, the simulated fracture was a spider-web fracture in the frontal bone, whereas a much smaller fracture was seen at autopsy/PMCT; however, the fracture in the early time steps of the simulation was comparable to autopsy/PMCT. FEA might be feasible in forensic pathology in cases with a single blunt force impact and well-described event circumstances.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1055109-8
    ISSN 1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
    ISSN (online) 1437-1596
    ISSN 0937-9827
    DOI 10.1007/s00414-024-03186-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Application of anti-Sclerostin therapy in non-osteoporosis disease models.

    Jacobsen, Christina M

    Bone

    2017  Volume 96, Page(s) 18–23

    Abstract: Sclerostin, a known inhibitor of the low density lipoprotein related protein 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6) cell surface signaling receptors, is integral in the maintenance of normal bone mass and strength. Patients with loss of function mutations in SOST or ... ...

    Abstract Sclerostin, a known inhibitor of the low density lipoprotein related protein 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6) cell surface signaling receptors, is integral in the maintenance of normal bone mass and strength. Patients with loss of function mutations in SOST or missense mutations in LRP5 that prevent Sclerostin from binding and inhibiting the receptor, have significantly increased bone mass. This observation leads to the development of Sclerostin neutralizing therapies to increase bone mass and strength. Anti-Sclerostin therapy has been shown to be effective at increasing bone density and strength in animal models and patients with osteoporosis. Loss of function of Sost or treatment with a Sclerostin neutralizing antibody improves bone properties in animal models of Osteoporosis Pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG), likely due to action through the LRP6 receptor, which suggests patients may benefit from these therapies. Sclerostin antibody is effective at improving bone properties in mouse models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta, a genetic disorder of low bone mass and fragility due to type I collagen mutations, in as little as two weeks after initiation of therapy. However, these improvements are due to increases in bone quantity as the quality (brittleness) of bone remains unaffected. Similarly, Sclerostin antibody treatment improves bone density in animal models of other diseases. Sclerostin neutralizing therapies are likely to benefit many patients with genetic disorders of bone, as well as other forms of metabolic bone disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632515-4
    ISSN 1873-2763 ; 8756-3282
    ISSN (online) 1873-2763
    ISSN 8756-3282
    DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Sensitivity and specificity of post-mortem computed tomography in skull fracture detection-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Henningsen, Mikkel Jon / Larsen, Sara Tangmose / Jacobsen, Christina / Villa, Chiara

    International journal of legal medicine

    2022  Volume 136, Issue 5, Page(s) 1363–1377

    Abstract: Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) has been increasingly used as routine examination in forensic pathology. No recent review of the growing number of papers on the ability of PMCT to detect skull fracture exists, and original papers report ... ...

    Abstract Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) has been increasingly used as routine examination in forensic pathology. No recent review of the growing number of papers on the ability of PMCT to detect skull fracture exists, and original papers report sensitivities from 0.85 to 1.00. This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021233264) aims to provide a meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity of PMCT in skull fracture detection. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase for papers published between January 2000 and August 2021 reporting raw numbers, sensitivity and specificity or Abbreviated Injury Score for PMCT compared to autopsy. Papers without both PMCT and autopsy, no separate reporting of the neuro-cranium, exclusively on children, sharp trauma, gunshot or natural death as well as case reports and reviews were excluded. Two authors independently performed inclusion, bias assessment and data extraction. QUADAS-2 was used for bias assessment and a random effects models used for meta-analysis. From 4.284 hits, 18 studies were eligible and 13 included in the meta-analysis for a total of 1538 cases. All deceased were scanned on multi-slice scanners with comparable parameters. Images were evaluated by radiologists or pathologists. Intra- and inter-observer analyses were rarely reported. In summary, sensitivity of PMCT for detection of fractures in the skull base was 0.87 [0.80; 0.92] with specificity 0.96 [0.90; 0.98], and sensitivity for the vault was 0.89 [0.80; 0.94] with specificity 0.96 [0.91; 0.98]. The mixed samples are a limitation of the review.
    MeSH term(s) Autopsy/methods ; Child ; Forensic Pathology/methods ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1055109-8
    ISSN 1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
    ISSN (online) 1437-1596
    ISSN 0937-9827
    DOI 10.1007/s00414-022-02803-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Fractures of the neuro-cranium: sensitivity and specificity of post-mortem computed tomography compared with autopsy.

    Henningsen, Mikkel Jon / Harving, Mette Lønstrup / Jacobsen, Christina / Villa, Chiara

    International journal of legal medicine

    2022  Volume 136, Issue 5, Page(s) 1379–1389

    Abstract: Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a routine tool in many forensic pathology departments as it is fast and non-destructive and allows less gruesome visualization than photographs, and the images are indefinitely storable. Several studies ... ...

    Abstract Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a routine tool in many forensic pathology departments as it is fast and non-destructive and allows less gruesome visualization than photographs, and the images are indefinitely storable. Several studies investigated congruence between PMCT and autopsy for skull fracture but registered only the presence or absence of fracture systems. The objective of this study was to determine location-specific sensitivity and specificity of PMCT for individual fracture lines in blunt force head trauma. Accurate 3D models based on PMCT data with all fracture lines visible are important for future studies on fractures, applying finite element analysis (FEA). We retrospectively sampled adult cases from 2013 to 2019 with skull fracture mentioned in the autopsy report. PMCT was on a Siemens 64-slice scanner and autopsy according to international guidelines. The location and direction of all fracture lines at autopsy and at de novo interpretation of scans were registered and compared. Ninety-nine cases with 4809 individual findings were included. Age ranged from 18 to 100 years. The overall sensitivity was 0.58, and specificity was 0.91. For individual locations, sensitivity ranged from 0.24 to 0.85, and specificity ranged from 0.73 to 1.00. Intra-observer agreement was 0.74, and inter-observer agreement ranged from 0.43 to 0.58. In conclusion, PMCT is suited for detection of fracture systems, but not for detection of all individual fracture lines. Our results differed from the existing literature due to the methodological choices of registering individual fracture lines. Future studies utilising FEA must supplement PMCT with autopsy data.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autopsy/methods ; Forensic Pathology/methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skull/pathology ; Skull Fractures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/pathology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1055109-8
    ISSN 1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
    ISSN (online) 1437-1596
    ISSN 0937-9827
    DOI 10.1007/s00414-022-02779-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Prediction of skull fractures in blunt force head traumas using finite element head models.

    Lindgren, Natalia / Henningsen, Mikkel J / Jacobsen, Christina / Villa, Chiara / Kleiven, Svein / Li, Xiaogai

    Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 207–225

    Abstract: Traumatic head injuries remain a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Although skull fractures are one of the most common head injuries, the fundamental mechanics of cranial bone and its impact tolerance are still uncertain. In the present ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic head injuries remain a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Although skull fractures are one of the most common head injuries, the fundamental mechanics of cranial bone and its impact tolerance are still uncertain. In the present study, a strain-rate-dependent material model for cranial bone has been proposed and implemented in subject-specific Finite Element (FE) head models in order to predict skull fractures in five real-world fall accidents. The subject-specific head models were developed following an established image-registration-based personalization pipeline. Head impact boundary conditions were derived from accident reconstructions using personalized human body models. The simulated fracture lines were compared to those visible in post-mortem CT scans of each subject. In result, the FE models did predict the actual occurrence and extent of skull fractures in all cases. In at least four out of five cases, predicted fracture patterns were comparable to ones from CT scans and autopsy reports. The tensile material model, which was tuned to represent rate-dependent tensile data of cortical skull bone from literature, was able to capture observed linear fractures in blunt indentation loading of a skullcap specimen. The FE model showed to be sensitive to modeling parameters, in particular to the constitutive parameters of the cortical tables. Nevertheless, this study provides a currently lacking strain-rate dependent material model of cranial bone that has the capacity to accurately predict linear fracture patterns. For the first time, a procedure to reconstruct occurrences of skull fractures using computational engineering techniques, capturing the all-in-all fracture initiation, propagation and final pattern, is presented.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Finite Element Analysis ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Skull/diagnostic imaging ; Skull/injuries ; Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Craniocerebral Trauma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2093052-5
    ISSN 1617-7940 ; 1617-7959
    ISSN (online) 1617-7940
    ISSN 1617-7959
    DOI 10.1007/s10237-023-01768-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Retinoic-acid-induced osteogenesis of hiPSCs.

    Jacobsen, Christina / Craft, April M

    Nature biomedical engineering

    2019  Volume 3, Issue 7, Page(s) 504–506

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Collagen Type I/genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mutation ; Osteogenesis/drug effects ; Osteogenesis/genetics ; Osteogenesis/physiology ; Phenotype ; Tretinoin/pharmacology ; X-Ray Microtomography
    Chemical Substances Collagen Type I ; collagen type I, alpha 1 chain ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2157-846X
    ISSN (online) 2157-846X
    DOI 10.1038/s41551-019-0422-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Immune signature of Chlamydia vaccine CTH522/CAF®01 translates from mouse-to-human and induces durable protection in mice.

    Olsen, Anja W / Rosenkrands, Ida / Jacobsen, Christina S / Cheeseman, Hannah M / Kristiansen, Max P / Dietrich, Jes / Shattock, Robin J / Follmann, Frank

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1665

    Abstract: The clinical development of an effective Chlamydia vaccine requires in-depth understanding of how well protective pre-clinical immune signatures translate to humans. Here, we report a comparative immunological characterization of CTH522/CAF®01 in female ... ...

    Abstract The clinical development of an effective Chlamydia vaccine requires in-depth understanding of how well protective pre-clinical immune signatures translate to humans. Here, we report a comparative immunological characterization of CTH522/CAF®01 in female mice and humans. We find a range of immune signatures that translate from mouse to human, including a Th1/Th17 cytokine profile and antibody functionality. We identify vaccine-induced T cell epitopes, conserved among Chlamydia serovars, and previously found in infected individuals. Using the mouse model, we show that the common immune signature protected against ascending infection in mice, and vaccine induced antibodies could delay bacterial ascension to the oviduct, as well as development of pathology, in a T cell depleted mouse model. Finally, we demonstrate long-lasting immunity and protection of mice one year after vaccination. Based on the results obtained in the present study, we propose to further investigate CTH522/CAF®01 in a phase IIb study.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Chlamydia Infections/microbiology ; Chlamydia ; Vaccines ; Antibodies ; Vaccination ; Bacterial Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Vaccines ; Antibodies ; Bacterial Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-45526-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Nicht-interventionelles Versorgungsprojekt: Evaluation der Express-Sprechstunde für Patienten mit einer rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA-Express)

    Jacobsen, Christina Sophie [Verfasser]

    2019  

    Author's details Christina Sophie Jacobsen
    Keywords Medizin, Gesundheit ; Medicine, Health
    Subject code sg610
    Language German
    Publisher Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Database Digital theses on the web

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  10. Article ; Online: Lethal small bowel obstruction due to pica.

    Busch, Johannes Rødbro / Löchte, Lars / Lindh, Anna-Sofia / Jacobsen, Christina

    Journal of forensic sciences

    2021  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 374–376

    Abstract: Up to 25% of institutionalized patients with cognitive deficiencies display pica-like behavior, with an estimated annual incidence of small bowel obstruction of 2%. We present a case based on the forensic autopsy of a 41-year-old woman who died as a ... ...

    Abstract Up to 25% of institutionalized patients with cognitive deficiencies display pica-like behavior, with an estimated annual incidence of small bowel obstruction of 2%. We present a case based on the forensic autopsy of a 41-year-old woman who died as a result of a missed diagnosis of small bowel obstruction after ingesting a foreign body. The case underlines the importance of precaution when treating patients with cognitive deficiency and/or language deficits and gastrointestinal symptoms. In such cases, it is important to employ a liberal threshold for radiological investigations and, if possible, obtain a medical history from a person close to the patient.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies/complications ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction/etiology ; Pica/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 219216-0
    ISSN 1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
    ISSN (online) 1556-4029
    ISSN 0022-1198
    DOI 10.1111/1556-4029.14871
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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