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Article: A beneficial cardiometabolic health profile associated with dietary supplement use: A cross-sectional study.

Jacques, Paul F / Rogers, Gail

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition

2021 Volume 93, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–28

Abstract: As a follow-up to an earlier study demonstrating healthier cardiometabolic profiles among long-term multiple dietary supplement (LTMDS) users, we examined if cardiometabolic health benefits associated with LTMDS use persisted with aging. The study is ... ...

Abstract	As a follow-up to an earlier study demonstrating healthier cardiometabolic profiles among long-term multiple dietary supplement (LTMDS) users, we examined if cardiometabolic health benefits associated with LTMDS use persisted with aging. The study is based on LTMDS users from North America and 2007-2010 NHANES participants who were used for comparison to the LTMDS users. NHANES subjects were classified as non-dietary supplement (NS) users, single supplement/single purpose supplement (SS) users, multivitamin/mineral supplement (MVMS) users, and multiple dietary supplement (MDS) users. Supplement groups were compared for total, HDL and LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; glucose; insulin; CRP and HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, adjusting for age, sex, income, education, BMI, history of CVD, and medications for hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. Geometric mean (95% confidence interval) LDL cholesterol was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for all supplement groups (SS: 110 (104-117) mg/dL; MVMS: 113 (107-119) mg/dL; MDS: 115 (111-118) mg/dL; LTMDS: 112 (105, 119) mg/dL) compared with the NS users (122 (118-126) mg/dL). Compared with the NS group, MDS users had significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean total cholesterol (198 (194-201) vs 201 (197, 206) mg/dL), MDS and LTMDS users higher mean HDL cholesterol (54.2 (53.3-55.1) and 60.0 (57.4, 62.7) mg/dL vs 52.0 (50.8-53.3) mg/dL), LTMDS users lower fasting glucose (100 (98-103) vs 105 (103-106) mg/dL), SS and MDS users lower insulin (8.4 (7.4-9.6) and 9.1 (8.3-9.9) vs 10.2 (9.4-11.1) μIU/mL), and MDS users lower CRP (% ≥ 1.5 mg/L, 50.8 (47.9-53.6) vs 57.0 (52.4-61.6) %). These findings add to the evidence that use of dietary supplements may provide cardiometabolic health benefits.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nutrition Surveys ; Dietary Supplements ; Vitamins ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Glucose ; Insulins
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, LDL ; Vitamins ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Insulins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120692-8
ISSN	0300-9831
ISSN	0300-9831
DOI	10.1024/0300-9831/a000701
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Article ; Online: Association of 100% Fruit Juice Consumption with Cognitive Measures, Anxiety, and Depression in US Adults.

Agarwal, Sanjiv / Fulgoni, Victor L / Jacques, Paul F

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 22

Abstract: Cognitive decline, anxiety, and depression are significant contributors to human ill health and decreased quality of life. Intake of fruits including 100% juice is associated with beneficial effects on several health outcomes. The current study explored ... ...

Abstract	Cognitive decline, anxiety, and depression are significant contributors to human ill health and decreased quality of life. Intake of fruits including 100% juice is associated with beneficial effects on several health outcomes. The current study explored the potential associations between consumption of 100% fruit juice and neurocognitive markers in adults. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994, 1999-2018 for adults 20+ years (N = 62,606) were used to assess 100% fruit juice intake, and NHANES questionnaire data were used for the assessment of neurocognition. Association of usual intake of 100% fruit juice with neurocognitive outcomes were assessed by regression analysis after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and health-related covariates. About 21% of adults were fruit juice consumers and the intake was a little over 2 oz per day. Consumers of 100% fruit juice had 16.3% fewer days per month of feeling anxious compared to non-consumers. There were no significant associations of 100% fruit juice usual intake with other neurocognitive measures. A large number of potential confounding variables have been identified to be associated with one or more neurocognitive measures suggesting that these may be important parameters to include in future studies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys ; Fruit and Vegetable Juices ; Quality of Life ; Depression/epidemiology ; Anxiety ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14224827
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Article ; Online: Protein Intake and Human Health: Implications of Units of Protein Intake.

Hruby, Adela / Jacques, Paul F

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

2020 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 71–88

Abstract: Understanding the health effects of protein intake is bedeviled by a number of factors, including protein quality and source. In addition, different units, including grams, grams per kilogram body weight (g/kg BW), and percent energy, may contribute to ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the health effects of protein intake is bedeviled by a number of factors, including protein quality and source. In addition, different units, including grams, grams per kilogram body weight (g/kg BW), and percent energy, may contribute to confusion about protein's effects on health, especially BW-based units in increasingly obese populations. We aimed to review the literature and to conduct a modeling demonstration of various units of protein intake in relation to markers of cardiometabolic health. Data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (n = 1847; 60.3 y; 62.5% women) and Third Generation (n = 2548; 46.2 y; 55.3% women) cohorts and the NHANES 2003-04 (n = 1625; 46.2 y; 49.7% women) and 2005-06 (n = 1347; 43.7 y; 49.5% women) cycles were used to model cross-sectional associations between 7 protein units (grams, percent energy, g/kg ideal BW, g/kg actual BW, BW-adjusted g/kg actual BW, g/kg lean BW, and g/kg fat-free BW) and 9 cardiometabolic outcomes (fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference, and estimated glomerular filtration rate). The literature review indicated the use of myriad units of protein intake, with differential results on cardiometabolic outcomes. The modeling demonstration showed units expressed in BW were confounded by BW, irrespective of outcome. Units expressed in grams, percent energy, and ideal BW showed similar results, with or without adjustment for body size. After adjusting for BW, results of units expressed in BW aligned with results of grams, percent energy, and ideal BW. In conclusion, protein intake in cardiometabolic health appears to depend on protein's unit of expression. Authors should be specific about the use of WHO (g/kg ideal BW) compared with US (g/kg actual BW) units, and ideally use gram or percent energy in observational studies. In populations where overweight/obesity are prevalent, intake based on actual BW should be reevaluated.
MeSH term(s)	Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2583634-1
ISSN	2156-5376 ; 2156-5376
ISSN (online)	2156-5376
ISSN	2156-5376
DOI	10.1093/advances/nmaa097
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Article: Protein Intake and Human Health: Implications of Units of Protein Intake

Hruby, Adela / Jacques, Paul F

Advances in nutrition. 2020 Sept. 02, v. 12, no. 1

2020

Abstract	Understanding the health effects of protein intake is bedeviled by a number of factors, including protein quality and source. In addition, different units, including grams, grams per kilogram body weight (g/kg BW), and percent energy, may contribute to confusion about protein's effects on health, especially BW-based units in increasingly obese populations. We aimed to review the literature and to conduct a modeling demonstration of various units of protein intake in relation to markers of cardiometabolic health. Data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (n = 1847; 60.3 y; 62.5% women) and Third Generation (n = 2548; 46.2 y; 55.3% women) cohorts and the NHANES 2003–04 (n = 1625; 46.2 y; 49.7% women) and 2005–06 (n = 1347; 43.7 y; 49.5% women) cycles were used to model cross-sectional associations between 7 protein units (grams, percent energy, g/kg ideal BW, g/kg actual BW, BW-adjusted g/kg actual BW, g/kg lean BW, and g/kg fat-free BW) and 9 cardiometabolic outcomes (fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference, and estimated glomerular filtration rate). The literature review indicated the use of myriad units of protein intake, with differential results on cardiometabolic outcomes. The modeling demonstration showed units expressed in BW were confounded by BW, irrespective of outcome. Units expressed in grams, percent energy, and ideal BW showed similar results, with or without adjustment for body size. After adjusting for BW, results of units expressed in BW aligned with results of grams, percent energy, and ideal BW. In conclusion, protein intake in cardiometabolic health appears to depend on protein's unit of expression. Authors should be specific about the use of WHO (g/kg ideal BW) compared with US (g/kg actual BW) units, and ideally use gram or percent energy in observational studies. In populations where overweight/obesity are prevalent, intake based on actual BW should be reevaluated.
Keywords	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ; body size ; diastolic blood pressure ; energy ; glomerular filtration rate ; glucose ; high density lipoprotein cholesterol ; human health ; obesity ; progeny ; protein intake ; protein value ; waist circumference
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0902
Size	p. 71-88.
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2583634-1
ISSN	2156-5376
ISSN	2156-5376
DOI	10.1093/advances/nmaa097
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Article ; Online: Dietary Protein and Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort.

Hruby, Adela / Jacques, Paul F

Current developments in nutrition

2019 Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) nzz019

Abstract: Background: Chronic inflammation is thought to be a major characteristic of aging, which may increase need for substrates, specifically protein, to support anti-inflammatory processes.: Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess associations ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic inflammation is thought to be a major characteristic of aging, which may increase need for substrates, specifically protein, to support anti-inflammatory processes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess associations between dietary protein and changes in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress over the long term in a community-dwelling population. Methods: In 2061 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort who attended exams 7 (1998-2001; mean ± SD age 60.0 ± 8.8 y, 56% female) and 8 (2005-2008), total, animal, and plant protein intakes were assessed by food-frequency questionnaire at each exam, energy adjusted, and averaged. We defined an inflammation and oxidative stress score as the sum of rank-normalized values of 9 circulating biomarkers (C-reactive protein, osteoprotegerin, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor receptor II, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity), and urinary isoprostanes, along with 2 subscores. Adjusted least-square means of changes in the scores and log individual biomarkers in quartile categories of intake were estimated with the use of linear regression models, across mean ± SD 6.6 ± 0.7 y of follow-up. Results: Protein intake was inversely associated with changes in the inflammation and oxidative stress score (mean ± SE in Q1 compared with Q4: 0.77 ± 0.17 compared with 0.31 ± 0.19; Conclusions: Dietary protein, particularly from plant sources, may be associated with beneficial changes in the inflammatory burden in aging populations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2475-2991
ISSN (online)	2475-2991
DOI	10.1093/cdn/nzz019
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Article ; Online: Dietary protein intake in midlife in relation to healthy aging - results from the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort.

Ardisson Korat, Andres V / Shea, M Kyla / Jacques, Paul F / Sebastiani, Paola / Wang, Molin / Eliassen, A Heather / Willett, Walter C / Sun, Qi

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2024 Volume 119, Issue 2, Page(s) 271–282

Abstract: Background: Protein intake plays an important role in maintaining the health status of older adults. However, few epidemiologic studies examined midlife protein intake in relation to healthy aging.: Objectives: The objective of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Protein intake plays an important role in maintaining the health status of older adults. However, few epidemiologic studies examined midlife protein intake in relation to healthy aging. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term role of dietary protein intake in healthy aging among female participants in the prospective Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort. Methods: We included 48,762 NHS participants aged <60 y in 1984. Total protein, animal protein, dairy protein (a subset of animal protein), and plant protein were derived from validated food frequency questionnaires. Healthy aging was defined as being free from 11 major chronic diseases, having good mental health, and not having impairments in either cognitive or physical function, as assessed in the 2014 or 2016 NHS participant questionnaires. We used multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle, demographics, and health status to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for protein intake in relation to healthy aging. Results: A total of 3721 (7.6%) NHS participants met our healthy aging definition. Protein intake was significantly associated with higher odds of healthy aging. The ORs (95% confidence intervals) per 3%-energy increment with healthy aging were 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) for total protein, 1.07 (1.02, 1.11) for animal protein, 1.14 (1.06, 1.23) for dairy protein, and 1.38 (1.24, 1.54) for plant protein. Plant protein was also associated with higher odds of absence of physical function limitations and good mental status. In substitution analyses, we observed significant positive associations for the isocaloric replacement of animal or dairy protein, carbohydrate, or fat with plant protein (ORs for healthy aging: 1.22-1.58 for 3% energy replacement with plant protein). Conclusions: Dietary protein intake, especially plant protein, in midlife, is associated with higher odds of healthy aging and with several domains of positive health status in a large cohort of female nurses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Healthy Aging ; Dietary Proteins/pharmacology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Plant Proteins ; Nurses ; Diet
Chemical Substances	Dietary Proteins ; Plant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.010
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Article ; Online: Vitamin D status and prevalence of metabolic syndrome by race and Hispanic origin in US adults: findings from the 2007-2014 NHANES.

Ahluwalia, Namanjeet / Raghavan, Ramkripa / Zhang, Guangyu / Talegawkar, Sameera A / Jacques, Paul F

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2023 Volume 116, Issue 5, Page(s) 1400–1408

Abstract: Background: Vitamin D status has been found to be inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in some studies. Vitamin D status varies by race and ethnicity, and the association of MetS with vitamin D status in US adults and by race and Hispanic ...

Abstract	Background: Vitamin D status has been found to be inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in some studies. Vitamin D status varies by race and ethnicity, and the association of MetS with vitamin D status in US adults and by race and Hispanic origin has not been evaluated extensively. Objectives: We aimed to examine the associations between vitamin D status and MetS overall, and across race and Hispanic origin groups, in a nationally representative sample of US adults who participated in the NHANES from 2007 to 2014. Methods: The total sample included 8639 adults, ≥20 y of age. Serum vitamin D was measured using a standardized LC-tandem MS method and was categorized using data-driven tertiles. MetS was defined using measured waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted [accounting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, dietary supplement use, and BMI (in kg/m Results: Serum vitamin D in the lowest tertile (≤56 nmol/L) was significantly associated with increased odds of MetS compared with the highest tertile (>77.9 nmol/L) (fully adjusted model OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.27). Inverse associations were noted for all race-Hispanic origin groups: non-Hispanic white (NHW) (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.67, 3.01), non-Hispanic black (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.29), and Hispanic (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.14) adults. Conclusions: Lower vitamin D status was significantly associated with MetS among US adults after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, dietary supplement use, and BMI. This finding was noted across all race and Hispanic origin groups, although the strength of the association varied, being strongest for NHW adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Metabolic Syndrome/blood ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/ethnology ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Vitamin D/blood ; Vitamins ; Health Status ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; White/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1093/ajcn/nqac234
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Article: Dietary Protein and Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort

Hruby, Adela / Jacques, Paul F

Current developments in nutrition. 2019 Mar. 28, v. 3, no. 5

2019

Abstract: Chronic inflammation is thought to be a major characteristic of aging, which may increase need for substrates, specifically protein, to support anti-inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to assess associations between dietary protein and ... ...

Abstract	Chronic inflammation is thought to be a major characteristic of aging, which may increase need for substrates, specifically protein, to support anti-inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to assess associations between dietary protein and changes in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress over the long term in a community-dwelling population. In 2061 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort who attended exams 7 (1998–2001; mean ± SD age 60.0 ± 8.8 y, 56% female) and 8 (2005–2008), total, animal, and plant protein intakes were assessed by food-frequency questionnaire at each exam, energy adjusted, and averaged. We defined an inflammation and oxidative stress score as the sum of rank-normalized values of 9 circulating biomarkers (C-reactive protein, osteoprotegerin, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor receptor II, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity), and urinary isoprostanes, along with 2 subscores. Adjusted least-square means of changes in the scores and log individual biomarkers in quartile categories of intake were estimated with the use of linear regression models, across mean ± SD 6.6 ± 0.7 y of follow-up. Protein intake was inversely associated with changes in the inflammation and oxidative stress score (mean ± SE in Q1 compared with Q4: 0.77 ± 0.17 compared with 0.31 ± 0.19; P-trend = 0.02), indicating overall inflammation/oxidative stress increased less in those with the highest intake than in those with the lowest. Favorable associations were observed for plant protein (Q1 compared with Q4: 0.89 ± 0.25 compared with 0.14 ± 0.25; P-trend = 0.001), but only trended toward significance for animal protein (Q1 compared with Q4: 0.70 ± 0.26 compared with 0.31 ± 0.26; P-trend = 0.05). Total protein and plant protein intakes were also inversely associated with changes in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (total: Q1 compared with Q4: 0.19 ± 0.01 compared with 0.15 ± 0.01 log-pg/mL; P-trend = 0.03; plant: Q1 compared with Q4: 0.21 ± 0.01 compared with 0.16 ± 0.01 log-pg/mL; P-trend = 0.003). Dietary protein, particularly from plant sources, may be associated with beneficial changes in the inflammatory burden in aging populations.
Keywords	C-reactive protein ; biomarkers ; chemokine CCL2 ; dietary protein ; energy ; females ; food frequency questionnaires ; inflammation ; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ; interleukin-6 ; lipoproteins ; oxidative stress ; phospholipase A2 ; plant proteins ; progeny ; protein content ; protein intake ; regression analysis ; tumor necrosis factor receptors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0328
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ISSN	2475-2991
DOI	10.1093/cdn/nzz019
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Dietary protein and changes in markers of cardiometabolic health across 20 years of follow-up in middle-aged Americans.

Hruby, Adela / Jacques, Paul F

Public health nutrition

2018 Volume 21, Issue 16, Page(s) 2998–3010

Abstract: Objective: Dietary protein plays a role in counteracting age-related muscle loss. However, limited long-term data exist on protein intake and markers of cardiometabolic health, which tend to deteriorate with age.: Design: Prospective cohort study. ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Dietary protein plays a role in counteracting age-related muscle loss. However, limited long-term data exist on protein intake and markers of cardiometabolic health, which tend to deteriorate with age. Design: Prospective cohort study. FFQ-derived protein intake (g/d) and cardiometabolic markers were assessed up to five times across 20 years. Markers included systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, circulating lipids (total, HDL and LDL cholesterol; TAG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fasting glucose (FG), weight and waist circumference (WC). Mixed models accounting for repeated measures were used to estimate adjusted mean annualized changes in outcomes per quartile category of protein. Setting: Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, USA. Subjects: Participants (n 3066) with 12 333 unique observations, baseline (mean (sd)) age=54·0 (9·7) years, BMI=27·4 (4·9) kg/m2, 53·5 % female. Results: In fully adjusted models, there were favourable associations (mean (se)) of total protein with annualized changes in SBP (lowest v. highest intake: 0·34 (0·06) v. 0·04 (0·06) mmHg, P trend=0·001) and eGFR (-1·03 (0·06) v. -0·87 (0·05) ml/min per 1·73 m2, P trend=0·046), unfavourable associations with changes in FG (0·013 (0·004) v. 0·028 (0·004) mmol/l, P trend=0·004) and no associations with weight, WC, DBP or lipids. Animal protein was favourably associated with SBP and unfavourably with FG and WC; plant protein was favourably associated with FG and WC. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that protein intake may influence changes in cardiometabolic health independent of change in weight in healthy adults and that protein's role in cardiometabolic health may depend on the protein source.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers/analysis ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Body Weight ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Lipids/blood ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; United States ; Waist Circumference
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Dietary Proteins ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1436024-x
ISSN	1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
ISSN (online)	1475-2727
ISSN	1368-9800
DOI	10.1017/S1368980018001854
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Article ; Online: Dairy Intake in 2 American Adult Cohorts Associates with Novel and Known Targeted and Nontargeted Circulating Metabolites.

Hruby, Adela / Dennis, Courtney / Jacques, Paul F

The Journal of nutrition

2020 Volume 150, Issue 5, Page(s) 1272–1283

Abstract: Background: The role of dairy in health can be elucidated by investigating circulating metabolites associated with intake.: Objectives: We sought to identify metabolites associated with quantity and type of dairy intake in the Framingham Heart Study ... ...

Abstract	Background: The role of dairy in health can be elucidated by investigating circulating metabolites associated with intake. Objectives: We sought to identify metabolites associated with quantity and type of dairy intake in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation (Gen3) cohorts. Methods: Dairy intake (total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurt, and cream/butter) was analyzed in relation to targeted (Offspring, n = 2205, 55.1 ± 9.8 y, 52% female, 217 signals; Gen3, n = 866, 40.5 ± 8.8 y, 54.9% female, 79 signals) and nontargeted metabolites (Gen3, ∼7031 signals) in a 2-step analysis including orthogonal projections to latent structures with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) in discovery subsets to identify metabolites distinguishing between high and low intake; and linear regression in confirmation subsets to assess putative associations, subsequently tested in the total samples. Previously reported associations were also investigated. Results: OPLS-DA in the Offspring targeted discovery subset resulted in a variable importance in projection (VIP) >1 of 65, 60, 58, 66, and 60 metabolites for total dairy, milk, cream/butter, cheese, and yogurt, respectively, of which 5, 3, 1, 6, and 4 metabolites, respectively, remained after confirmation. In the Gen3 targeted discovery subset, OPLS-DA resulted in a VIP >1 of 17, 15, 13, 7, and 6 metabolites for total dairy, milk, cream/butter, cheese, and yogurt, respectively. In the Gen3 nontargeted discovery subset, OPLS-DA resulted in a VIP >2 of 203, 503, 78, 186, and 206 metabolites, respectively. Combining targeted and nontargeted results in Gen3, significant associations of 7 (6 unannotated), 2, 12 (11 unannotated), 0, and 61 (all unannotated) metabolites, respectively, remained. Candidate identities of unannotated signals included fatty acids and food flavorings. Results supported relations previously reported for C14:0 sphingomyelin, and marginal associations for deoxycholates. Conclusions: Dairy in 2 American adult cohorts associated with numerous circulating metabolites. Reports about diet-metabolite relations and confirmation of previous findings might be limited by specificity of dietary intake and breadth of measured metabolites.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids/blood ; Animals ; Biogenic Amines/blood ; Butter ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Cheese ; Cohort Studies ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Fatty Acids/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Middle Aged ; Milk ; Yogurt
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Biogenic Amines ; Fatty Acids ; Butter (8029-34-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxaa021
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