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Article ; Online: Health Effects of Patagial Wing Tags in Red Kites (Milvus milvus) in the UK.

Vecchiato, Marco / Sentenac, Hugo / Jaffe, Jenny E / Sainsbury, Anthony W

2024

Abstract: Patagial wing tags are commonly used for identification of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) for postrelease monitoring, as they are easy to apply, affordable, permanent, and are apparently safe. The Red Kite was successfully reintroduced in the UK in the second ...

Abstract	Patagial wing tags are commonly used for identification of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) for postrelease monitoring, as they are easy to apply, affordable, permanent, and are apparently safe. The Red Kite was successfully reintroduced in the UK in the second half of the 20th century and postrelease health surveillance has been achieved through radio and satellite tracking, monitoring nest sites, and pathologic investigation of Red Kites found dead. This study reports on pathologic findings associated with the use of patagial wing tags in three of 142 (2.1%) wing-tagged Red Kites examined postmortem since the beginning of the reintroduction project in 1989. In these three Red Kites the presence of the patagial wing tags was associated with inflammatory lesions. Further surveys of the potential short- and longer-term negative effects of patagial wing tags on Red Kites and other birds are advocated; the future use of patagial wing tags in raptors should be carefully monitored.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410709-3
ISSN	1943-3700 ; 0090-3558
ISSN (online)	1943-3700
ISSN	0090-3558
DOI	10.7589/JWD-D-23-00011
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and Molecular Analysis of Encephalomyocarditis Virus-2 in the Hazel Dormouse.

Gibson, Louise / Shadbolt, Tammy / Paul, Pranab / Gerard, Georgina / Wrigglesworth, Ethan / Sainsbury, Anthony W / Donald, Helen / Jaffe, Jenny E / Januszczak, Inez / Fitzpatrick, Liam D / Burrell, Caela / Davies, Hannah / Dastjerdi, Akbar / Spiro, Simon

EcoHealth

2024

Abstract: The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) population in the UK continues to decline due to habitat loss, despite reintroductions of captive-bred individuals being conducted nationally for over 30 years. Disease surveillance of captive-bred and wild ... ...

Abstract	The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) population in the UK continues to decline due to habitat loss, despite reintroductions of captive-bred individuals being conducted nationally for over 30 years. Disease surveillance of captive-bred and wild dormice is performed to identify novel and existing disease threats which could impact populations. In this study, we firstly investigated cause of death in seven hazel dormice found dead in England, through next-generation sequencing identifying a virus closely related to a wood mouse encephalomyocarditis virus-2 (EMCV-2). Subsequently, lung tissue samples from 35 out of 44 hazel dormice tested positive for EMCV-2 RNA using a reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Sanger sequencing methods developed in this study. Formalin-fixed tissues available for nine hazel dormice which tested positive for EMCV-2 RNA were examined microscopically. Three cases showed moderate interstitial pneumonia with minimal to mild lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis, but no evidence of encephalitis. However, the presence of possible alternative causes of death in these cases means that the lesions cannot be definitively attributed to EMCV-2. Here, we report the first detection of EMCV-2 in hazel dormice and conclude that EMCV-2 is likely to be endemic in the hazel dormouse population in England and may be associated with clinical disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2164327-1
ISSN	1612-9210 ; 1612-9202
ISSN (online)	1612-9210
ISSN	1612-9202
DOI	10.1007/s10393-024-01680-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: ANESTHESIA WITH MEDETOMIDINE-KETAMINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE-KETAMINE IN MOUNTAIN GORILLAS (

Jaffe, Jenny E / Jourdan, Balbine / Cranfield, Michael R / Gilardi, Kirsten / Zimmerman, Dawn

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

2021 Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 507–513

Abstract: Between December 2002 and September 2017, 125 anesthetic procedures involving free-living and orphaned captive mountain gorillas ( ...

Abstract	Between December 2002 and September 2017, 125 anesthetic procedures involving free-living and orphaned captive mountain gorillas (
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia/veterinary ; Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology ; Animals, Zoo/physiology ; Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage ; Female ; Gorilla gorilla/physiology ; Ketamine/administration & dosage ; Male ; Medetomidine/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Combined ; Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO) ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H) ; Medetomidine (MR15E85MQM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2018-0212
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Anesthesia with medetomidine–ketamine and dexmedetomidine–ketamine in mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei beringei)

Jaffe, Jenny E / Jourdan, Balbine / Cranfield, Michael R / Gilardi, Kirsten / Zimmerman, Dawn

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine. 2020 Nov. 16, v. 51, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Between December 2002 and September 2017, 125 anesthetic procedures involving free-living and orphaned captive mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) were performed in the Virunga Massif and Bwindi Impenetrable Forest in East-Central Africa. Of ... ...

Institution	Gorilla Doctors Veterinary Group
Abstract	Between December 2002 and September 2017, 125 anesthetic procedures involving free-living and orphaned captive mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) were performed in the Virunga Massif and Bwindi Impenetrable Forest in East-Central Africa. Of these 125 immobilizations, 114 records were complete enough for inclusion into this study. Anesthetic and physiologic data from these 114 cases were analyzed, of which 57 used medetomidine–ketamine and 57 used dexmedetomidine–ketamine administered intramuscularly. With the use of estimated weights, the mean induction dosage (mg/kg ± SD) for medetomidine was 0.033 ± 0.003 (n = 42), for dexmedetomidine 0.018 ± 0.005 (n = 53), and for ketamine 3.66 ± 0.95 (n = 95). Mean time from injection of induction dose to recumbency was 6.8 ± 3.1 min (n = 74). Atipamezole was administered intramuscularly to reverse anesthesia. First signs of recovery occurred at 5.0 ± 4.0 min, and full recovery was 19.0 ± 17.0 min after administration of the reversal agent. No significant differences in physiologic parameters or anesthetic time variables were noted between healthy and unhealthy individuals. Mean heart rate was 72.0 ± 17.6 beats/min (n = 83) and mean oxygen saturation was 96.5% ± 4.2 (n = 62). Mean respiratory rate was 27 ± 9 breaths/min (n = 84) and mean body temperature 36.6°C ± 1.2 (n = 61). The current protocol has several advantages for field use in this species given its quick induction, few observed side effects, and ability to reverse so that the animal can return more quickly to its social group.
Keywords	Gorilla beringei ; anesthesia ; animals ; body temperature ; dexmedetomidine ; forests ; heart rate ; ketamine ; medetomidine ; medicine ; oxygen ; respiratory rate ; social class ; wildlife ; zoos ; Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1116
Size	p. 507-513.
Publishing place	American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2018-0212
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone.

Owens, Leah A / Colitti, Barbara / Hirji, Ismail / Pizarro, Andrea / Jaffe, Jenny E / Moittié, Sophie / Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A / Estrella, Luis A / Voegtly, Logan J / Kuhn, Jens H / Suen, Garret / Deblois, Courtney L / Dunn, Christopher D / Juan-Sallés, Carles / Goldberg, Tony L

Nature communications

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 763

Abstract: Human and animal infections with bacteria of the genus Sarcina (family Clostridiaceae) are associated with gastric dilation and emphysematous gastritis. However, the potential roles of sarcinae as commensals or pathogens remain unclear. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	Human and animal infections with bacteria of the genus Sarcina (family Clostridiaceae) are associated with gastric dilation and emphysematous gastritis. However, the potential roles of sarcinae as commensals or pathogens remain unclear. Here, we investigate a lethal disease of unknown etiology that affects sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Sierra Leone. The disease, which we have named "epizootic neurologic and gastroenteric syndrome" (ENGS), is characterized by neurologic and gastrointestinal signs and results in death of the animals, even after medical treatment. Using a case-control study design, we show that ENGS is strongly associated with Sarcina infection. The microorganism is distinct from Sarcina ventriculi and other known members of its genus, based on bacterial morphology and growth characteristics. Whole-genome sequencing confirms this distinction and reveals the presence of genetic features that may account for the unusual virulence of the bacterium. Therefore, we propose that this organism be considered the representative of a new species, named "Candidatus Sarcina troglodytae". Our results suggest that a heretofore unrecognized complex of related sarcinae likely exists, some of which may be highly virulent. However, the potential role of "Ca. S. troglodytae" in the etiology of ENGS, alone or in combination with other factors, remains a topic for future research.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ape Diseases/diagnosis ; Ape Diseases/microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Emphysema/diagnosis ; Emphysema/microbiology ; Gastritis/diagnosis ; Gastritis/microbiology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/veterinary ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes ; Sarcina/classification ; Sarcina/genetics ; Sarcina/pathogenicity ; Sierra Leone ; Virulence/genetics ; Whole Genome Sequencing/methods
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-021-21012-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone.

Nature communications

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2035

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-021-22494-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone

Owens, Leah A. / Colitti, Barbara / Hirji, Ismail / Pizarro, Andrea / Jaffe, Jenny E. / Moittié, Sophie / Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A. / Estrella, Luis A. / Voegtly, Logan J. / Kuhn, Jens H. / Suen, Garret / Deblois, Courtney L. / Dunn, Christopher D. / Juan-Sallés, Carles / Goldberg, Tony L.

2021

Abstract	Human and animal infections with bacteria of the genus Sarcina (family Clostridiaceae) are associated with gastric dilation and emphysematous gastritis. However, the potential roles of sarcinae as commensals or pathogens remain unclear. Here, we investigate a lethal disease of unknown etiology that affects sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Sierra Leone. The disease, which we have named “epizootic neurologic and gastroenteric syndrome” (ENGS), is characterized by neurologic and gastrointestinal signs and results in death of the animals, even after medical treatment. Using a case-control study design, we show that ENGS is strongly associated with Sarcina infection. The microorganism is distinct from Sarcina ventriculi and other known members of its genus, based on bacterial morphology and growth characteristics. Whole-genome sequencing confirms this distinction and reveals the presence of genetic features that may account for the unusual virulence of the bacterium. Therefore, we propose that this organism be considered the representative of a new species, named “Candidatus Sarcina troglodytae”. Our results suggest that a heretofore unrecognized complex of related sarcinae likely exists, some of which may be highly virulent. However, the potential role of “Ca. S. troglodytae” in the etiology of ENGS, alone or in combination with other factors, remains a topic for future research. Peer Reviewed
Keywords	Clinical microbiology ; Infectious-disease epidemiology ; Pathogens ; Infection ; 610 Medizin und Gesundheit ; ddc:610
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-03
Publisher	Robert Koch-Institut
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Leprosy in wild chimpanzees.

Hockings, Kimberley J / Mubemba, Benjamin / Avanzi, Charlotte / Pleh, Kamilla / Düx, Ariane / Bersacola, Elena / Bessa, Joana / Ramon, Marina / Metzger, Sonja / Patrono, Livia V / Jaffe, Jenny E / Benjak, Andrej / Bonneaud, Camille / Busso, Philippe / Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel / Gado, Moussa / Gagneux, Sebastien / Johnson, Roch C / Kodio, Mamoudou /

Lynton-Jenkins, Joshua / Morozova, Irina / Mätz-Rensing, Kerstin / Regalla, Aissa / Said, Abílio R / Schuenemann, Verena J / Sow, Samba O / Spencer, John S / Ulrich, Markus / Zoubi, Hyacinthe / Cole, Stewart T / Wittig, Roman M / Calvignac-Spencer, Sebastien / Leendertz, Fabian H

Nature

2021 Volume 598, Issue 7882, Page(s) 652–656

Abstract: Humans are considered as the main host for Mycobacterium ... ...

Abstract	Humans are considered as the main host for Mycobacterium leprae
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autopsy/veterinary ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Feces/microbiology ; Genotype ; Guinea-Bissau ; Humans ; Leprosy/microbiology ; Leprosy/veterinary ; Mycobacterium leprae/genetics ; Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purification ; Pan troglodytes/microbiology ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-021-03968-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Leprosy in wild chimpanzees.

598 ; 7882 ; 652 ; 656 ; Nature ; England

2021

Abstract: Humans are considered as the main host for Mycobacterium leprae1, the aetiological agent of leprosy, but spillover has occurred to other mammals that are now maintenance hosts, such as nine-banded armadillos and red squirrels2,3. Although naturally ... ...

Abstract	Humans are considered as the main host for Mycobacterium leprae1, the aetiological agent of leprosy, but spillover has occurred to other mammals that are now maintenance hosts, such as nine-banded armadillos and red squirrels2,3. Although naturally acquired leprosy has also been described in captive nonhuman primates4-7, the exact origins of infection remain unclear. Here we describe leprosy-like lesions in two wild populations of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau and Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. Longitudinal monitoring of both populations revealed the progression of disease symptoms compatible with advanced leprosy. Screening of faecal and necropsy samples confirmed the presence of M. leprae as the causative agent at each site and phylogenomic comparisons with other strains from humans and other animals show that the chimpanzee strains belong to different and rare genotypes (4N/O and 2F). These findings suggest that M. leprae may be circulating in more wild animals than suspected, either as a result of exposure to humans or other unknown environmental sources.
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-13
Publisher	Nature Research
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Leprosy in wild chimpanzees

Hockings, Kimberley J. / Mubemba, Benjamin / Avanzi, Charlotte / Pleh, Kamilla / Düx, Ariane / Bersacola, Elena / Bessa, Joana / Ramon, Marina / Metzger, Sonja / Patrono, Livia V. / Jaffe, Jenny E. / Benjak, Andrej / Bonneaud, Camille / Busso, Philippe / Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel / Gado, Moussa / Gagneux, Sebastien / Johnson, Roch C. / Kodio, Mamoudou /

Lynton-Jenkins, Joshua / Morozova, Irina / Mätz-Rensing, Kerstin / Regalla, Aissa / Said, Abílio R. / Schuenemann, Verena J. / Sow, Samba O. / Spencer, John S. / Ulrich, Markus / Zoubi, Hyacinthe / Cole, Stewart T. / Wittig, Roman M. / Calvignac-Spencer, Sebastien / Leendertz, Fabian H.

bioRxiv

Abstract: Humans are considered the main host for Mycobacterium leprae, the aetiologic agent of leprosy, but spill-over to other mammals such as nine-banded armadillos and red squirrels occurs. Although naturally acquired leprosy has also been described in captive ...

Abstract	Humans are considered the main host for Mycobacterium leprae, the aetiologic agent of leprosy, but spill-over to other mammals such as nine-banded armadillos and red squirrels occurs. Although naturally acquired leprosy has also been described in captive nonhuman primates, the exact origins of infection remain unclear. Here, we report on leprosy-like lesions in two wild populations of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau, and the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Longitudinal monitoring of both populations revealed the progression of disease symptoms compatible with advanced leprosy. Screening of faecal and necropsy samples confirmed the presence of M. leprae as the causative agent at each site and phylogenomic comparisons with other strains from humans and other animals show that the chimpanzee strains belong to different and rare genotypes (4N/O and 2F). The independent evolutionary origin of M. leprae in two geographically distant populations of wild chimpanzees, with no prolonged direct contact with humans, suggests multiple introductions of M. leprae from an unknown animal or environmental source.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	BioRxiv
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.11.10.374371
Database	COVID19

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