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Article ; Online: Predicting Pediatric Tuberculosis: The Need for Age-Specific Host Biosignatures.

Suliman, Sara / Jaganath, Devan / DiNardo, Andrew

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2023 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 450–452

MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Child ; Case-Control Studies ; Fetal Blood ; South Africa ; Birth Cohort ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Biomarkers/blood ; Gene Expression ; Age Factors
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciad270
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Article ; Online: A narrative review of tuberculosis in the United States among persons aged 65 years and older.

Wu, Iris L / Chitnis, Amit S / Jaganath, Devan

Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases

2022 Volume 28, Page(s) 100321

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable infectious disease that confers significant morbidity, mortality, and psychosocial challenges. As TB incidence in the United States (U.S.) decreased from 9.7/100,000 to 2.2/100,000 from 1993 to 2020, the proportion of ... ...

Abstract	Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable infectious disease that confers significant morbidity, mortality, and psychosocial challenges. As TB incidence in the United States (U.S.) decreased from 9.7/100,000 to 2.2/100,000 from 1993 to 2020, the proportion of cases occurring among adults aged 65 and older increased. We conducted a review of published literature in the U.S. and other similar low-TB-burden settings to characterize the epidemiology and unique diagnostic challenges of TB in older adults. This narrative review also provides an overview of treatment characteristics, outcomes, and research gaps in this patient population. Older adults had a 30% higher likelihood of delayed TB diagnosis, with contributing factors such as acid-fast bacilli sputum smear-negative disease (56%) and non-classical clinical presentation. At least 90% of TB cases among older adults resulted from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), but guidance around when to screen and treat LTBI in these patients is lacking. In addition, routine TB testing methods such as interferon-gamma release assays were two times more likely to have false-negative results among older adults. Advanced age was also often accompanied by complex comorbidities and impaired drug metabolism, increasing the risk of treatment failure (23%) and death (19%). A greater understanding of the unique factors of TB among older adults will inform clinical and public health efforts to improve outcomes in this complex patient population and TB control in the U.S.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2405-5794
ISSN (online)	2405-5794
DOI	10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100321
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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis in Children.

Jaganath, Devan / Beaudry, Jeanette / Salazar-Austin, Nicole

Infectious disease clinics of North America

2022 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–71

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of mortality in children worldwide, but there remain significant challenges in diagnosing and treating TB infection and disease. Treatment of TB infection in children and adolescents is critical to prevent ... ...

Abstract	Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of mortality in children worldwide, but there remain significant challenges in diagnosing and treating TB infection and disease. Treatment of TB infection in children and adolescents is critical to prevent progression to TB disease and to prevent them from becoming the future reservoir for TB transmission. This article reviews the clinical approach to diagnosing and treating latent TB infection and pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB disease in children. Also discussed are emerging diagnostics and therapeutic regimens that aim to improve pediatric TB detection and outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1077676-x
ISSN	1557-9824 ; 0891-5520
ISSN (online)	1557-9824
ISSN	0891-5520
DOI	10.1016/j.idc.2021.11.008
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Article ; Online: Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection.

Chitnis, Amit S / Jaganath, Devan / Gish, Robert G / Wong, Robert J

The American journal of gastroenterology

2022 Volume 116, Issue 11, Page(s) 2155–2158

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Latent Tuberculosis/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	390122-1
ISSN	1572-0241 ; 0002-9270
ISSN (online)	1572-0241
ISSN	0002-9270
DOI	10.14309/ajg.0000000000001398
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of Culture-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Alameda County, 2010-2019.

Chen, Jennie / Marusinec, Rachel / Brown, Robert / Shiau, Rita / Jaganath, Devan / Chitnis, Amit S

Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP

2023 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 353–360

Abstract: Context: Patients with culture-negative pulmonary TB (PTB) can face delays in diagnosis that worsen outcomes and lead to ongoing transmission. An understanding of current trends and characteristics of culture-negative PTB can support earlier detection ... ...

Abstract	Context: Patients with culture-negative pulmonary TB (PTB) can face delays in diagnosis that worsen outcomes and lead to ongoing transmission. An understanding of current trends and characteristics of culture-negative PTB can support earlier detection and access to care. Objective: Describe epidemiology of culture-negative PTB. Design, setting, participants: We utilized Alameda County TB surveillance data from 2010 to 2019. Culture-negative PTB cases met clinical but not laboratory criteria for PTB per US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System definitions. We calculated trends in annual incidence and proportion of culture-negative PTB using Poisson and weighted linear regression, respectively. We further compared demographic and clinical characteristics among culture-negative versus culture-positive PTB cases. Results: During 2010-2019, there were 870 cases of PTB, of which 152 (17%) were culture-negative. The incidence of culture-negative PTB declined by 76%, from 1.9/100 000 to 0.46/100 000 ( P for trend <.01), while the incidence of culture-positive PTB reduced by 37% (6.5/100 000 to 4.1/100 000, P for trend =.1). Culture-negative PTB case-patients were more likely than culture-positive PTB case-patients to be younger (7.9% were children <15 years old vs 1.1%; P < .01), recent immigrants within 5 years of arrival (38.2% vs 25.5%; P < .01), and have a TB contact (11.2% vs 2.9%; P < .01). Culture-negative PTB case-patients were less likely than culture-positive PTB case-patients to be evaluated because of TB symptoms (57.2% vs 74.7%; P < .01) or have cavitation on chest imaging (13.1% vs 38.8%; P < .01). At the same time culture-negative PTB case-patients were less likely to die during TB treatment (2.0% vs 9.6%; P < .01). Conclusions: The incidence of culture-negative PTB disproportionately declined compared with culture-positive TB and raises concern for gaps in detection. Expansion of screening programs for recent immigrants and TB contacts and greater recognition of risk factors may increase detection of culture-negative PTB.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; Linear Models ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2027860-3
ISSN	1550-5022 ; 1078-4659
ISSN (online)	1550-5022
ISSN	1078-4659
DOI	10.1097/PHH.0000000000001715
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Article: Tuberculosis Disease Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: Alameda County, California, 2016-2019.

Wu, Iris L / Chen, Jennie / Shiau, Rita / Chitnis, Amit S / Jaganath, Devan

Open forum infectious diseases

2022 Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) ofac575

Abstract: Background: Older adults aged ≥65 years old represent an increasing proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States, but limited evidence exists on the characteristics and treatment outcomes that differentiate them from younger adults.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Older adults aged ≥65 years old represent an increasing proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States, but limited evidence exists on the characteristics and treatment outcomes that differentiate them from younger adults. Methods: We evaluated Alameda County TB surveillance data from 2016 to 2019 and abstracted public health charts for older adult TB cases. Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes were compared in older and younger adults (15-64 years), and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess risk factors for TB treatment noncompletion among older adults. Results: Of 517 TB cases, 172 (33.2%) were older adults and 101 were ≥75 years old. Compared to younger adults, older TB cases were more likely to be non-US-born, and have diabetes. For diagnosis, older adults were more likely to have negative interferon-gamma release assays (24.6% vs 16.0%; Conclusions: Diabetes, negative diagnostic tests, and poor treatment outcomes were more prevalent in older adult TB cases. A greater understanding of their TB presentation and comorbidities will inform interventions to improve outcomes among older adults.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofac575
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection-California, 2016-2020.

Bertumen, J Bradford / Pascopella, Lisa / Han, Emily / Glenn-Finer, Rosie / Wong, Robert J / Chitnis, Amit / Jaganath, Devan / Jewell, Mirna / Gounder, Prabhu / McElroy, Sara / Stockman, Lauren / Barry, Pennan

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2024

Abstract: Background: Improved epidemiologic and treatment data for active tuberculosis (TB) with chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection might inform and encourage screening and vaccination programs focused on persons at risk of having both conditions.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Improved epidemiologic and treatment data for active tuberculosis (TB) with chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection might inform and encourage screening and vaccination programs focused on persons at risk of having both conditions. Methods: We matched the California Department of Public Health TB registry during 2016-2020 to the cHBV registry using probabilistic matching algorithms. We used chi-square analysis to compare the characteristics of persons with TB and cHBV with those with TB only. We compared TB treatment outcomes between these groups using modified Poisson regression models. We calculated the time between reporting of TB and cHBV diagnoses for those with both conditions. Results: We identified 8,435 persons with TB, including 316 (3.7%) with cHBV.- Among persons with TB and cHBV, 256 (81.0%) were non-U.S.-born Asian vs 4,186 (51.6%) with TB only (P <0.0001). End-stage renal disease (26 [8.2%] vs 322 [4.0%]; P <0.001) and HIV (21 [6.7%] vs 247 [3.0%]; P value = 0.02) were more frequent among those with TB and cHBV compared with those with TB only. Among those with both conditions, 35 (11.1%) had TB diagnosed >60 days before cHBV (median 363 days) and 220 (69.6%) had TB diagnosed >60 days after cHBV (median 3,411 days). Conclusion: Persons with TB and cHBV were found more frequently in certain groups compared with TB only, and infrequently had their conditions diagnosed together. This highlights an opportunity to improve screening and treatment of TB and cHBV in those at high risk for coinfection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciae169
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Article ; Online: Making cough count in tuberculosis care.

Zimmer, Alexandra J / Ugarte-Gil, César / Pathri, Rahul / Dewan, Puneet / Jaganath, Devan / Cattamanchi, Adithya / Pai, Madhukar / Grandjean Lapierre, Simon

Communications medicine

2022 Volume 2, Page(s) 83

Abstract: Cough assessment is central to the clinical management of respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), but strategies to objectively and unobtrusively measure cough are lacking. Acoustic epidemiology is an emerging field that uses technology to ... ...

Abstract	Cough assessment is central to the clinical management of respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), but strategies to objectively and unobtrusively measure cough are lacking. Acoustic epidemiology is an emerging field that uses technology to detect cough sounds and analyze cough patterns to improve health outcomes among people with respiratory conditions linked to cough. This field is increasingly exploring the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for more advanced applications, such as analyzing cough sounds as a biomarker for disease screening. While much of the data are preliminary, objective cough assessment could potentially transform disease control programs, including TB, and support individual patient management. Here, we present an overview of recent advances in this field and describe how cough assessment, if validated, could support public health programs at various stages of the TB care cascade.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2730-664X
ISSN (online)	2730-664X
DOI	10.1038/s43856-022-00149-w
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Article ; Online: Social Determinants of Adherence to Treatment for Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Narrative Review.

Leddy, Anna M / Jaganath, Devan / Triasih, Rina / Wobudeya, Eric / Bellotti de Oliveira, Marcia C / Sheremeta, Yana / Becerra, Mercedes C / Chiang, Silvia S

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

2022 Volume 11, Issue Supplement_3, Page(s) S79–S84

Abstract: Global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) must address the unique barriers that children (ages 0 through 9 years) and adolescents/young adults (AYA; ages 10 through 24 years) face in adhering to treatment for TB infection and disease. We conducted a ... ...

Abstract	Global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) must address the unique barriers that children (ages 0 through 9 years) and adolescents/young adults (AYA; ages 10 through 24 years) face in adhering to treatment for TB infection and disease. We conducted a narrative review to summarize current knowledge on the social determinants of treatment adherence among these age groups to guide efforts and policy to address their unique needs. Our findings revealed that research on TB treatment adherence among children and AYA is still in its nascent stage. The current literature revealed structural/community-, health system-, household-, and individual-level factors that influence treatment adherence and varied with developmental stage. There is a need to develop multilevel interventions to address the unique challenges that children and AYA face in adhering to TB treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Social Determinants of Health ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Family Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2668791-4
ISSN	2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
ISSN (online)	2048-7207
ISSN	2048-7193
DOI	10.1093/jpids/piac058
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Article: Toward Comprehensive Plasma Proteomics by Orthogonal Protease Digestion

Fossati, Andrea / Richards, Alicia L. / Chen, Kuei-Ho / Jaganath, Devan / Cattamanchi, Adithya / Ernst, Joel D. / Swaney, Danielle L.

Journal of proteome research. 2021 July 28, v. 20, no. 8

2021

Abstract: Rapid and consistent protein identification across large clinical cohorts is an important goal for clinical proteomics. With the development of data-independent technologies (DIA/SWATH-MS), it is now possible to analyze hundreds of samples with great ... ...

Abstract	Rapid and consistent protein identification across large clinical cohorts is an important goal for clinical proteomics. With the development of data-independent technologies (DIA/SWATH-MS), it is now possible to analyze hundreds of samples with great reproducibility and quantitative accuracy. However, this technology benefits from empirically derived spectral libraries that define the detectable set of peptides and proteins. Here, we apply a simple and accessible tip-based workflow for the generation of spectral libraries to provide a comprehensive overview on the plasma proteome in individuals with and without active tuberculosis (TB). To boost protein coverage, we utilized nonconventional proteases such as GluC and AspN together with the gold standard trypsin, identifying more than 30,000 peptides mapping to 3309 proteins. Application of this library to quantify plasma proteome differences in TB infection recovered more than 400 proteins in 50 min of MS acquisition, including diagnostic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins that have previously been detectable primarily by antibody-based assays and intracellular proteins not previously described to be in plasma.
Keywords	Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; digestion ; peptides ; proteome ; proteomics ; research ; trypsin ; tuberculosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0728
Size	p. 4031-4040.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2078618-9
ISSN	1535-3907 ; 1535-3893
ISSN (online)	1535-3907
ISSN	1535-3893
DOI	10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00357
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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