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Book ; Online: Impossible Worlds

Berto, Francesco / Jago, Mark

2019

Abstract: The latter half of the 20th Century witnessed an 'intensional revolution': a great collective effort to analyse notions which are absolutely fundamental to our understanding of the world and of ourselves - from meaning and information to knowledge, ... ...

Abstract	The latter half of the 20th Century witnessed an 'intensional revolution': a great collective effort to analyse notions which are absolutely fundamental to our understanding of the world and of ourselves - from meaning and information to knowledge, belief, causation, essence, supervenience, conditionality, as well as nomological, metaphysical, and logical necessity - in terms of a single concept. This was the concept of a possible world: a way things could have been. Possible worlds found applications in logic, metaphysics, semantics, game theory, information theory, artificial intelligence, and the philosophy of mind and cognition. However, possible worlds analyses have been facing numerous problems. This book traces them all back to hyperintensionality: the need for distinctions more fine-grained than the possible worlds apparatus can easily represent.- It then introduces impossible worlds - ways things could not have been - as a general tool for modelling hyperintensional phenomena. The book discusses the metaphysics of impossible worlds and applies them to a range of central topics and open issues in logic, semantics, and philosophy: from the problem of logical omniscience in epistemic logic, to the semantics of non-classical logics, the modeling of imagination and mental simulation, the analysis of information and informative inference, truth in fiction, and counterpossible reasoning.The latter half of the 20th Century witnessed an 'intensional revolution': a great collective effort to analyse notions which are absolutely fundamental to our understanding of the world and of ourselves - from meaning and information to knowledge, belief, causation, essence, supervenience, conditionality, as well as nomological, metaphysical, and logical necessity - in terms of a single concept.- This was the concept of a possible world: a way things could have been. Possible worlds found applications in logic, metaphysics, semantics, game theory, information theory, artificial intelligence, and the philosophy of mind and cognition. However, possible worlds analyses have been facing numerous problems. This book traces them all back to hyperintensionality: the need for distinctions more fine-grained than the possible worlds apparatus can easily represent. It then introduces impossible worlds - ways things could not have been - as a general tool for modelling hyperintensional phenomena.-
Keywords	Philosophy (General)
Size	1 electronic resource (336 p.)
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publishing place	Verlagsort nicht ermittelbar
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020195512
ISBN	9780198812791 ; 0198812795
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Book: The impossible

Jago, Mark

an essay on hyperintensionality

2014

Author's details	Mark Jago
Keywords	Epistemic logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Psychology/Philosophy
Language	English
Size	X, 295 S.
Edition	1. ed.
Publisher	Oxford Univ. Press
Publishing place	Oxford u.a.
Document type	Book
ISBN	9780198709008 ; 0198709005
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Category mistakes: A barrier to effective environmental management.

Wallace, Ken J / Jago, Mark

Journal of environmental management

2017 Volume 199, Page(s) 13–20

Abstract: How entities, the things that exist, are defined and categorised affects all aspects of environmental management including technical descriptions, quantitative analyses, participatory processes, planning, and decisions. Consequently, ambiguous ... ...

Abstract	How entities, the things that exist, are defined and categorised affects all aspects of environmental management including technical descriptions, quantitative analyses, participatory processes, planning, and decisions. Consequently, ambiguous definitions and wrongly assigning entities to categories, referred to as category mistakes, are barriers to effective management. Confusion caused by treating the term 'biodiversity' variously as the property of an area, the biota of an area, and a preferred end state (a value) - quite different categories of entities - is one example. To overcome such difficulties, we develop and define four entity categories - elements, processes, properties, and values - and two derived categories - states and systems. We argue that adoption of these categories and definitions will significantly improve environmental communication and analysis, and thus strengthen planning and decision-making.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.029
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Wellbeing, values, and planning in environmental management

Wallace, Ken J. / Jago, Mark / Pannell, David J. / Kim, Milena Kiatkoski

Elsevier Ltd Journal of environmental management. 2021 Jan. 01, v. 277

2021

Abstract: Concepts of ‘human values’ and ‘wellbeing’ are central in environmental planning, especially during the group deliberations that underpin expert and participatory processes. However, there are long-standing, unresolved controversies concerning both ... ...

Abstract	Concepts of ‘human values’ and ‘wellbeing’ are central in environmental planning, especially during the group deliberations that underpin expert and participatory processes. However, there are long-standing, unresolved controversies concerning both concepts with many debates being highly theoretical. Therefore, we suggest it is more productive to develop definitions and models that are task-specific (mid-level theory). To this end, we use purpose-built value sets and models to explain the relationships among values and wellbeing, and to demarcate values, desires, and personality. The derived concepts are designed for group deliberations and could readily be combined with existing decision support tools, such as structured decision making. Outputs from the work also inform current debates within the environmental domain including, for example, those surrounding the intrinsic value of nature, and ideas concerning plural values versus a single overarching value (monism). We also define ‘wellbeing’ as an evaluative statement that supports assessments of trade-offs and co-benefits.
Keywords	decision making ; decision support systems ; design ; environmental management ; experts ; journals ; models ; personality ; planning
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0101
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111447
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Wellbeing, values, and planning in environmental management.

Wallace, Ken J / Jago, Mark / Pannell, David J / Kim, Milena Kiatkoski

Journal of environmental management

2020 Volume 277, Page(s) 111447

Abstract: Concepts of 'human values' and 'wellbeing' are central in environmental planning, especially during the group deliberations that underpin expert and participatory processes. However, there are long-standing, unresolved controversies concerning both ... ...

Abstract	Concepts of 'human values' and 'wellbeing' are central in environmental planning, especially during the group deliberations that underpin expert and participatory processes. However, there are long-standing, unresolved controversies concerning both concepts with many debates being highly theoretical. Therefore, we suggest it is more productive to develop definitions and models that are task-specific (mid-level theory). To this end, we use purpose-built value sets and models to explain the relationships among values and wellbeing, and to demarcate values, desires, and personality. The derived concepts are designed for group deliberations and could readily be combined with existing decision support tools, such as structured decision making. Outputs from the work also inform current debates within the environmental domain including, for example, those surrounding the intrinsic value of nature, and ideas concerning plural values versus a single overarching value (monism). We also define 'wellbeing' as an evaluative statement that supports assessments of trade-offs and co-benefits.
MeSH term(s)	Conservation of Natural Resources ; Decision Making ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111447
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Classifying human wellbeing values for planning the conservation and use of natural resources

Wallace, Ken J / Jago, Mark / Kim, Milena Kiatkoski / Rogers, Abbie

Journal of environmental management. 2020 Feb. 15, v. 256

2020

Abstract: Understanding how values interact is fundamental to planning the conservation and use of natural resources. However, practitioners who apply value classifications use a diversity of approaches. Does this matter? In answering this question, we propose ... ...

Abstract	Understanding how values interact is fundamental to planning the conservation and use of natural resources. However, practitioners who apply value classifications use a diversity of approaches. Does this matter? In answering this question, we propose that well-constructed classifications contribute to planning by: clarifying definitions and underlying concepts; providing a basis for assessing synergies and trade-offs; explaining some ethical constraints, including aspects of governance and power; and providing a framework for cross-cultural analysis. To test these propositions we develop complementary value classifications for end state values and principles together with supporting theory, assumptions, and criteria. The proposed classifications are then compared with alternatives including those based on ‘needs’, ‘capabilities’, and total economic value. We find that the alternatives fail against key criteria and this hampers their capacity to fulfil the four roles proposed above. Therefore, we conclude that although value classifications are important and may vary depending on purpose, they need to be well-constructed – that is, supporting theory, assumptions, and criteria should be explicit.
Keywords	economic valuation ; ethics ; governance ; natural resources ; planning ; social welfare
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0215
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109955
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Classifying human wellbeing values for planning the conservation and use of natural resources.

Wallace, Ken J / Kim, Milena Kiatkoski / Rogers, Abbie / Jago, Mark

Journal of environmental management

2019 Volume 256, Page(s) 109955

Abstract	Understanding how values interact is fundamental to planning the conservation and use of natural resources. However, practitioners who apply value classifications use a diversity of approaches. Does this matter? In answering this question, we propose that well-constructed classifications contribute to planning by: clarifying definitions and underlying concepts; providing a basis for assessing synergies and trade-offs; explaining some ethical constraints, including aspects of governance and power; and providing a framework for cross-cultural analysis. To test these propositions we develop complementary value classifications for end state values and principles together with supporting theory, assumptions, and criteria. The proposed classifications are then compared with alternatives including those based on 'needs', 'capabilities', and total economic value. We find that the alternatives fail against key criteria and this hampers their capacity to fulfil the four roles proposed above. Therefore, we conclude that although value classifications are important and may vary depending on purpose, they need to be well-constructed - that is, supporting theory, assumptions, and criteria should be explicit.
MeSH term(s)	Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; Natural Resources
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109955
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Don't stop me now

Hering, Robert / Hauptfleisch, Morgan / Jago, Mark / Smith, Taylor / Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie / Stiegler, Jonas / Blaum, Niels

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10:907079

Managed fence gaps could allow migratory ungulates to track dynamic resources and reduce fence related energy loss

2022

Abstract: In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce ... ...

Abstract	In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary ...
Keywords	Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Don't stop me now

Hering, Robert / Hauptfleisch, Morgan / Jago, Mark / Smith, Taylor / Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie / Stiegler, Jonas / Blaum, Niels

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10:907079

Managed fence gaps could allow migratory ungulates to track dynamic resources and reduce fence related energy loss

2022

Abstract	In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary ...
Keywords	Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Book ; Online: Don't stop me now

Hering, Robert / Hauptfleisch, Morgan / Jago, Mark / Smith, Taylor / Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie / Stiegler, Jonas / Blaum, Niels

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10:907079

Managed fence gaps could allow migratory ungulates to track dynamic resources and reduce fence related energy loss

2022

Abstract	In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary ...
Keywords	Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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