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Article ; Online: A Meta-Analysis Approach to Estimate the Effect of Cover Crops on the Grain Yield of Succeeding Cereal Crops within European Cropping Systems

Allam, Mohamed / Radicetti, Emanuele / Ben Hassine, Mortadha / Jamal, Aftab / Abideen, Zainul / Mancinelli, Roberto

Agriculture. 2023 Aug. 30, v. 13, no. 9

2023

Abstract: Farming practices such as cover cropping, crop rotation systems, and soil tillage practices, along with climate conditions and soil type play important roles in determining final crop production. Numerous empirical studies have documented the ... ...

Abstract	Farming practices such as cover cropping, crop rotation systems, and soil tillage practices, along with climate conditions and soil type play important roles in determining final crop production. Numerous empirical studies have documented the heterogeneous effects of cover crops on the yield of successive crops, exhibiting variations across diverse regions, climate regimes, soil characteristics, cover crop types, and agricultural management practices. A meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the impact of cover crops (CCs) in the agroecosystem. The main goal of the study is to promote a transition towards more sustainable cereal crop production by exploring the potential of currently unexploited CCs in Europe. The study demonstrated that the incorporation of legume CCs resulted in the most pronounced and statistically significant increase in grain yield among cereal crops. CCs from the Brassicaceae family also demonstrated a positive impact on grain yield under southern European climates. Cover cropping had a positive effect on the subsequent cash crop under conventional tillage practice. A positive, but not significant impact, was detected under both conservation tillage practices, which include reduced tillage (RT) and no-till (NT). The result of the study suggests that NT practices are more suitable for Northern Europe, while RT practices are preferable for Southern Europe zones. This study indicates that the adoption of cover cropping represents a viable and effective agronomic strategy for enhancing grain yield in cereal crops cultivated across European agricultural systems.
Keywords	Brassicaceae ; agriculture ; agroecosystems ; cash crops ; climate ; conventional tillage ; cover crops ; crop rotation ; grain yield ; legumes ; meta-analysis ; no-tillage ; reduced tillage ; soil types ; Europe ; Northern European region ; Southern European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0830
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2651678-0
ISSN	2077-0472
ISSN	2077-0472
DOI	10.3390/agriculture13091714
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Integrated use of phosphorus fertilizer and farmyard manure improves wheat productivity by improving soil quality and P availability in calcareous soil under subhumid conditions.

Jamal, Aftab / Saeed, Muhammad F / Mihoub, Adil / Hopkins, Bryan G / Ahmad, Iftikhar / Naeem, Asif

Frontiers in plant science

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1034421

Abstract: Introduction: Low soil fertility and high fertilizer costs are constraints to wheat production, which may be resolved with integrating fertilizer phosphorus (P) and farm-yard manure (FYM). Study objectives were to evaluate P source impacts on soil, P ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Low soil fertility and high fertilizer costs are constraints to wheat production, which may be resolved with integrating fertilizer phosphorus (P) and farm-yard manure (FYM). Study objectives were to evaluate P source impacts on soil, P efficiency, and wheat growth in a calcareous soil. Methods: Treatments included P fertilizer (0, 17, 26, or 39 kg P ha-1) and/or FYM (0 or 10 T ha-1) in a: 1) incubation experiment and 2) wheat (Triticum aestivum spp.) field experiment. Results and discussion: Soil organic matter increased (30-72%) linearly for both fertilizer and FYM, whereas pH decreased (0.1-0.3 units) with fertilizer only. Addition of fertilizer and FYM increased plant available P (AB-DTPA extractable soil P) an average of 0.5 mg P kg-1 soil week-1 with incubation. The initial increase was 1-9 mg P kg-1, with further increase after 84 d of ~3-17 mg P kg-1. There was also a significant increase of available P in the soil supporting plants in the field study, although the magnitude of the increase was only 2 mg kg-1 at most for the highest fertilizer rate + FYM. Grain (66 to 119%) and straw (25-65%) yield increased significantly, peaking at 26 kg P ha-1 + FYM. The P Absorption Efficiency (PAE), P Balance (PB), and P Uptake (PU) increased linearly with P rate, with the highest levels at the highest P rate. The P Use Efficiency (PUE) was highest at the lowest rates of P, with general decreases with increasing P, although not consistently. Principal component analysis revealed that 94.34 % of the total variance was accounted for with PC1 (84.04 %) and PC2 (10.33 %), with grain straw yield significantly correlated to SOM, PU, and PAE. Regression analysis showed highly significant correlation of PB with P-input (R2= 0.99), plant available P (R2= 0.85), and PU (R2= 0.80). The combination of FYM at the rate of 10 T ha-1 and fertilizer P at 26 kg P ha-1 was found as the optimum dose that significantly increased yield. It is concluded that FYM concoction with fertilizer-P not only improved SOM and residual soil P, but also enhanced wheat yields with reasonable P efficiency.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1034421
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Characterization of Invasiveness, Thermotolerance and Light Requirement of Nine Invasive Species in China.

Bhatt, Arvind / Chen, Xingxing / Pompelli, Marcelo F / Jamal, Aftab / Mancinelli, Roberto / Radicetti, Emanuele

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: Understanding responsible functional traits for promoting plant invasiveness could be important to aid in the development of adequate management strategies for invasive species. Seed traits play an important role in the plant life cycle by affecting ... ...

Abstract	Understanding responsible functional traits for promoting plant invasiveness could be important to aid in the development of adequate management strategies for invasive species. Seed traits play an important role in the plant life cycle by affecting dispersal ability, formation of the soil seed bank, type and level of dormancy, germination, survival and/or competitive ability. We assessed seed traits and germination strategies of nine invasive species under five temperature regimes and light/dark treatments. Our results showed a considerable level of interspecific variation in germination percentage among the tested species. Both cooler (5/10 °C) and warmer (35/40 °C) temperatures tended to inhibit germination. All study species were considered small-seeded, and seed size did not affect germination in the light. Yet, a slightly negative correlation was found between germination in the dark and seed dimensions. We classified the species into three categories according to their germination strategies: (i) risk-avoiders, mostly displaying dormant seeds with low G%; (ii) risk-takers, reaching a high G% in a broad range of temperatures; (iii) intermediate species, showing moderate G% values, which could be enhanced in specific temperature regimes. Variability in germination requirements could be important to explain species coexistence and invasion ability of plants to colonize different ecosystems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12051192
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Irrigation Scheduling and Weed Management: A Sustainable Approach for Managing Broomrape and Other Weeds in Tomato Crop

Fawad, Muhammad / Khan, Muhammad Azim / Wahid, Fazli / Khan, Haroon / Gul, Bakhtiar / Khattak, Abdul Mateen / Jamal, Aftab / Mastinu, Andrea

Horticulturae. 2022 July 25, v. 8, no. 8

2022

Abstract: Broomrape (Orobanche cernua L.) is an obligate root parasitic weed that significantly reduces the qualitative and yield attributes of tomatoes globally. The efficient management of broomrape is challenging because of its complicated parasitic nature. ... ...

Abstract	Broomrape (Orobanche cernua L.) is an obligate root parasitic weed that significantly reduces the qualitative and yield attributes of tomatoes globally. The efficient management of broomrape is challenging because of its complicated parasitic nature. Field trials were conducted to assess the influence of various irrigation scheduling and weed control strategies on broomrape, weed presence, and tomato productivity. The experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and was replicated three times. Three irrigation intervals (3, 6, and 9 days) were assigned to the main block, while sub-blocks including treatments and year were taken as the source of variance (year × irrigation timing × treatments). The experiment comprised sixteen treatments, including transparent polythene, black polythene, weedy check (Control), sole weeding of broomrape only, weeding of all weeds, weeding except broomrape, humic acid 25 kg ha⁻¹+ copper oxychloride in single and split doses, copper oxychloride (1.5 kg a.i ha⁻¹ in single and split doses), ammonium sulphate 200 kg ha⁻¹ in single and split doses, copper sulfate (2 kg ha⁻¹ in single/split doses), and glyphosate 48 SL (1.5 kg a.i ha⁻¹) and pendimethalin 33 EC (1.44 kg a.i ha⁻¹). The results revealed that among the various irrigation intervals, the highest broomrape intensity (4.34 plant⁻¹) was observed with a9-day irrigation interval. Similarly, the highest weed density (35 m⁻²) resulted in a3-day irrigation interval. Furthermore, irrigation at a 6-day interval increased the plant height by 11%, fruit yield tons ha⁻¹ by 24.9 %, and produced the highest cost/benefit ratio (CBR) of (1:4). Black polythene, transparent polythene, and pendimethalin reduced the weed density by 92%, 89%, and 84%;weed dry biomass by 97%, 95%, and 91%; and broomrape intensity by 67%, 77%, and 28%. Conversely, the plant height increased by 24%, 23%, and 23.6%; and fruit yield by 286%, 270%, and 191%; and had the highest CBR of 1:5, 1:4, and 1:4, respectively, as compared to the weedy check. Consequently, an increase in irrigation frequency increases other weed densities and decreases the broomrape intensity plant⁻¹ of tomato. Therefore, black polythene could be recommended in a severely broomrape-infested field. Moreover, irrigation at 6-day intervals combined with pendimethalin and ammonium sulfate fertilizers revealed the lowest incidence of broomrape and other weeds and produced an economic yield.
Keywords	Orobanche cernua ; ammonium sulfate ; biomass ; copper oxychloride ; copper sulfate ; fruit yield ; glyphosate ; humic acids ; irrigation scheduling ; parasitic plants ; pendimethalin ; plant height ; tomatoes ; variance ; weed control ; weeds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0725
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae8080676
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Beneficial Effect of Melatonin on Growth and Chlorophyll Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown Under Salt Stress Conditions

Ahmad, Izaz / Munsif, Fazal / Mihoub, Adil / Jamal, Aftab / Saeed, Muhammad Farhan / Babar, Saba / Fawad, Muhammad / Zia, Adil

Gesunde Pflanzen. 2022 Dec., v. 74, no. 4 p.997-1009

2022

Abstract: Melatonin (Mel) is an essential molecule that regulates plant growth and development and alleviates the damaging effects of various environmental stressors, including salinity. Nevertheless, the mechanism of melatonin in mediating salt stress response of ...

Title translation	Positive Wirkung von Melatonin auf Wachstum und Chlorophyllgehalt von Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.) unter Salzstress
Abstract	Melatonin (Mel) is an essential molecule that regulates plant growth and development and alleviates the damaging effects of various environmental stressors, including salinity. Nevertheless, the mechanism of melatonin in mediating salt stress response of wheat seedlings still needs to be explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate melatonin’s performance on some morpho-physiological attributes in wheat grown under salinity stress. In half-strength Hoagland solution (HS), two wheat cultivars, i.e Khaista-17 and Shahkar-13 were exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) at 200 mM, no salt stress (control), Melatonin (200 μM) and Melatonin (200 μM) + NaCl (200 mM) for 15 days. Treatments were arranged in a 3-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates for each treatment. After every 3‑day treatment, data were recorded on plant height, total fresh weight, shoot weight, root weight, and chlorophyll content. Results revealed that exogenous supplementation with melatonin under salinity stress significantly improved both wheat cultivars’ growth and physiological attributes (i.e. chlorophyll contents). Compared to salinity alone, the combined application of melatonin and sodium chloride increased total fresh weight by 17 and 23%, respectively, for both Shahkar-13 and Khaista-17 cultivars. Furthermore, melatonin (without NaCl) had the highest chlorophyll index (44), and the chlorophyll contents were enhanced to 25 and 37% by 200 µM melatonin combined with NaCl in both wheat cultivars, respectively. As a result, it could be concluded that the exogenous application of melatonin at 200 μM had a pronounced effect on the performance of wheat plants grown under salinity conditions through alleviating the adverse effects of salinity stress.
Keywords	Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll ; cultivars ; growth and development ; melatonin ; plant growth ; plant height ; salinity ; salt stress ; sodium chloride ; stress response ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 997-1009.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	820036-1
ISSN	1439-0345 ; 0367-4223
ISSN (online)	1439-0345
ISSN	0367-4223
DOI	10.1007/s10343-022-00684-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Morpho-Physiological Attributes of Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Under Varying Salt Stress Conditions

Zia, Adil / Munsif, Fazal / Jamal, Aftab / Mihoub, Adil / Saeed, Muhammad Farhan / Fawad, Muhammad / Ahmad, Izaz / Ali, Abid

Gesunde Pflanzen. 2022 Sept., v. 74, no. 3

2022

Abstract: Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic factors that arrest physiological characteristics and plant growth. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a moderately salt-sensitive crop and shows genotypic variation for salt tolerance. This study was carried out to screen ...

Title translation	Morphophysiologische Eigenschaften verschiedener Mais-Genotypen (Zea mays L.) bei unterschiedlichen Salzstressbedingungen
Abstract	Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic factors that arrest physiological characteristics and plant growth. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a moderately salt-sensitive crop and shows genotypic variation for salt tolerance. This study was carried out to screen salt-tolerant genotypes and investigate the growth and physiological responses of maize exposed to salt stress during early growth. Fifteen maize genotypes were tested and subjected to different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (i.e., 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) for 30 days in hydroponics using a complete randomized design (CRD) with four replications. NaCl was added in 12.5 mM (for 50 mM treatment) and 25 mM (for 100 mM treatment) increments every other day up to the desired concentration. The analyzed data parameters were the growth attribute (germination characteristics, fresh and dried root and shoot weights) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll, and carotenoids). Multivariate techniques were applied to identify the most important traits in evaluating salinity tolerance. Also, the genotypes were ranked for salt tolerance to identify superior genotypes. The results showed considerable variation for each studied trait across the 15 genotypes under NaCl treatments. Compared with the non-saline control, salt stress significantly decreased biomass production; maximum reduction in shoot fresh weight was recorded for genotype NARC PR‑2 (92%), while the least reduction was recorded in NCEV 1530-13 (59%). DrKaPohi genotype had the highest reduction in root fresh weight (89%) and the lowest decrease was observed in NCEV 1530-10 (7%). Moreover, photosynthesis pigments decreased the maximum in SS 2002 by 82% and 97% for chlorophyll and carotenoids, respectively. Two clusters were obtained after applying a Cluster Analysis (CA), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) nominated some morphological trails as efficient criteria for screening salt tolerance of maize during early growth. Based on the mean shoot dry weight ratio ± one standard error, the 15 genotypes were categorized as salt-tolerant (4 genotypes), moderately tolerant (6), and salt-sensitive (5). Among the genotypes, NLEV‑2 and 1270‑5 were found to be most sensitive genotypes to salt stress. The more salt-tolerant genotypes (such as CEV‑2, NCVE‑9, and NCEV 1530-12) showed relatively good ability to cope with salinity effect and could be valuable for developing high-yielding maize hybrids in future breeding programs under salt stress conditions.
Keywords	Zea mays ; biomass production ; carotenoids ; chlorophyll ; cluster analysis ; corn ; data analysis ; genetic variation ; genotype ; germination ; hydroponics ; photosynthesis ; plant growth ; principal component analysis ; salinity ; salt stress ; salt tolerance ; sodium chloride
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 661-673.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	820036-1
ISSN	1439-0345 ; 0367-4223
ISSN (online)	1439-0345
ISSN	0367-4223
DOI	10.1007/s10343-022-00641-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Pigeon Manure Tea Improves Phosphorus Availability and Wheat Growth through Decreasing P Adsorption in a Calcareous Sandy Soil

Mihoub, Adil / Naeem, Asif / Amin, Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied / Jamal, Aftab / Saeed, Muhammad Farhan

Communications in soil science and plant analysis. 2022 Oct. 28, v. 53, no. 19

2022

Abstract: There are many environmental problems related to the production of inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers as well as their continuous usage, which pose great challenges to sustainable agriculture. Applying inorganic P fertilizers combined with pigeon ... ...

Abstract	There are many environmental problems related to the production of inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers as well as their continuous usage, which pose great challenges to sustainable agriculture. Applying inorganic P fertilizers combined with pigeon manure tea (PMT) could be a promising strategy to enhance P use efficiency and yield of crop plants. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of integrated use of inorganic P and PMT on P sorption using Freundlich sorption isotherms as well as the availability of P and its use efficiency by wheat grown in a calcareous sandy soil. Application of PMT amendment significantly enhanced P availability compared to the unamended soil. The PMT significantly decreased the rate of P sorption from 246 to 179 mL g⁻¹ and sorption capacity of the soil from 388 to 298 µg P g⁻¹ soil. Consequently, the P fertilizer quantity required to produce the desired level of P in solution (0.2 mg L⁻¹) was low in PMT amended soil (114 mg P kg⁻¹) than that in control soil (140 mg P kg⁻¹). Application of inorganic P in combination with PMT increased P use efficiency (PUE) of the wheat plant. Thus, the combined application of PMT and P fertilizer has positive, complementary, and synergistic effects on P availability in soil and its uptake by wheat plants. Due to its low cost and easy availability, integrated use of PMT₁:₁₀₀ (2.4 t PM ha⁻¹) and inorganic P fertilizer could be an effective amendment to reduce P-sorption and improve soil P availability in the calcareous sandy soil.
Keywords	adsorption ; inorganic phosphorus ; phosphorus fertilizers ; pigeons ; plant analysis ; sandy soils ; sustainable agriculture ; tea ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1028
Size	p. 2596-2607.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	419718-5
ISSN	1532-2416 ; 0010-3624
ISSN (online)	1532-2416
ISSN	0010-3624
DOI	10.1080/00103624.2022.2072859
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Nitrogen Mineralization in Texturally Contrasting Soils Subjected to Different Organic Amendments under Semi-Arid Climates

Javeed, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad / Maẓhar, ʻAlī / Kanwal, Nitasha / Ahmad, Iftikhar / Jamal, Aftab / Qamar, Rafi / Z̲ākir ʻAlī / Andaleeb, Hina / Jabeen, Raheela / Radicetti, Emanuele / Mancinelli, Roberto

Land. 2023 Apr. 29, v. 12, no. 5

2023

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is the prime essential nutrient for agricultural productivity, and its deficiency is overcome through the application of fertilizers. However, the rate of N mineralization from organic N sources is an important process to be monitored for ... ...

Abstract	Nitrogen (N) is the prime essential nutrient for agricultural productivity, and its deficiency is overcome through the application of fertilizers. However, the rate of N mineralization from organic N sources is an important process to be monitored for efficient N use and sustainable agricultural management. Laboratory incubation studies were conducted for a period of 150 days to measure N mineralization (Nₘᵢₙ) from different organic amendments (OA) in texturally contrasting soils collected at three locations: SL1 (Bahawalpur, sandy loam), SL2 (Bahawalnagar, sandy loam), and SL3 (Rahim Yar Khan, sandy clay loam). A second study was also carried out for 25 days to monitor pH dynamics and ammonia volatilization from the same three OA-treated soils. The results showed that there was no significant difference in net Nₘᵢₙ between the soils for poultry manure (PMO) and feather meal (FMO), even if there was a substantial Nₘᵢₙ observed for PMC + FMO followed by poultry manure compost (PMC) at SL2 and SL3 soils. This might have happened due to higher microbial biomass carbon (257), nitrogen (61), fungal colonization (88 cfu g⁻¹ soil) and enzyme activity (79) in SL3 soil receiving PMC + FMO after 150 days of incubation. However, the first-order kinetic model (R² = 0.86–0.95) better explained the Nₘᵢₙ in all three soils amended with OA (PMC + FMO). The soil pH had more pronounced effects on Nₘᵢₙ in all three soils. A non-significant amount of ammonia volatilization was recorded regardless of the initial pH, buffering capacity, and texture variability of the soils. Further study on the particle size of OA and soil pH is warranted to determine the actual effect of OA on Nₘᵢₙ.
Keywords	agricultural management ; agricultural productivity ; ammonia ; composted manure ; enzyme activity ; feather meal ; fungi ; kinetics ; land ; microbial carbon ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; particle size ; poultry manure ; sandy clay loam soils ; sandy loam soils ; soil pH ; texture ; volatilization
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0429
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land12050989
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Durum Wheat Production as Affected by Soil Tillage and Fertilization Management in a Mediterranean Environment

Mancinelli, Roberto / Allam, Mohamed / Petroselli, Verdiana / Atait, Mariam / Jasarevic, Merima / Catalani, Alessia / Marinari, Sara / Radicetti, Emanuele / Jamal, Aftab / Abideen, Zainul / Chilosi, Gabriele

Agriculture. 2023 Feb. 12, v. 13, no. 2

2023

Abstract: Several strategies have been proposed recently to reduce the accumulated harmful circumstances of intensive conventional farming practices. The adoption of conservation soil tillage and organic fertilization techniques could contribute to achieving this ... ...

Abstract	Several strategies have been proposed recently to reduce the accumulated harmful circumstances of intensive conventional farming practices. The adoption of conservation soil tillage and organic fertilization techniques could contribute to achieving this goal. The study was conducted over a three-year trial to assess the effects of soil tillage practices (plough; subsoil; spading) and fertilization management (inorganic vs. organic) on durum wheat growth dynamics and productivity in a Mediterranean environment. The chlorophyll concentration (CC) was evaluated using an MC-100 chlorophyll meter, and Green Area (GA) was extracted from red-green-blue (RGB) digital images acquired with a commercially available digital camera. These non-destructive low-cost methods were used to examine crop status and its reactions to climate conditions over three consecutive growing seasons in the field. A positive strong linear relationship between both CC and GA against grain yield in each growing season was identified. The study highlights that CC and GA methods are valuable tools to assess crop development under Mediterranean conditions. The results indicated that the applied conservation tillage systems, such as subsoil tillage and using the spading machine, along with organic fertilization with compost, are valuable choices in the Mediterranean basin for sustainable and higher crop production (13%) compared to the conventional traditional system.
Keywords	Mediterranean climate ; agriculture ; cameras ; chlorophyll ; composts ; conservation tillage ; durum wheat ; grain yield ; subsoil ; Mediterranean region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0212
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2651678-0
ISSN	2077-0472
ISSN	2077-0472
DOI	10.3390/agriculture13020433
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Developmental, Phytochemical and Enzymatic Changes in Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cvs. Hybrid and French with Salicylic Acid (SA) and Polyamine Spermidine (SP) Foliar Spray

Ahmad, Sohail / Ahmed, Waseem / Mihoub, Adil / Jamal, Aftab / Farhan Saeed, Muhammad / Masood, Nasir / Radicetti, Emanuele / Fawad, Muhammad / Nicola, S.

Agronomy. 2023 Jan. 06, v. 13, no. 1

2023

Abstract: Marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) are valuable in ornamentation, human food, and other uses; to enhance productivity, plant growth regulators produce stimulatory effects, including salicylic acid (SA) and spermidine (SP), but there is a lack of ... ...

Abstract	Marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) are valuable in ornamentation, human food, and other uses; to enhance productivity, plant growth regulators produce stimulatory effects, including salicylic acid (SA) and spermidine (SP), but there is a lack of scientific evidence about such effects in marigolds. The study assessed, under greenhouse conditions, changes in physico-chemical parameters, enzymatic activity, and bioactive compounds of marigold cvs. Hybrid and French marigolds were sprayed of SA (1 and 2 mM) and SP (2 and 3 mM) and compared to control (pure water). The SA at 2 mM improved leaf length (8.20 cm), flower height and diameter (5.32, 8.28 cm), flower fresh and dry weight (14.30, 1.5 g), and the maximum number of flower petals (55) in ‘Hybrid’. Similarly, 2 mM SA gave the maximum number of leaves (40.71) and stem thickness (5.76 mm) in ‘French’, but 3 mM SP promoted the maximum plant height in ‘Hybrid’. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities increased in ‘Hybrid’ with 2 mM SA; with this SA dose, ‘Hybrid’ had higher contents of total phenolic compounds (68.34 mg GAE g⁻¹), antioxidants (77%), carotenoids (110 mg 100 g⁻¹), and flavonoids (67.5 mg RE g⁻¹) than the control. The best dose for improving growth in both marigold varieties was 2 mM SA.
Keywords	Calendula officinalis ; agronomy ; carotenoids ; catalase ; enzyme activity ; flavonoids ; flowers ; foliar spraying ; foods ; greenhouses ; hybrids ; leaf length ; peroxidase ; plant growth ; plant height ; salicylic acid ; spermidine ; superoxide dismutase
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0106
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2607043-1
ISSN	2073-4395
ISSN	2073-4395
DOI	10.3390/agronomy13010191
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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