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Article ; Online: A Lexicon for the Sick Room: Virginia Woolf's Narrative Medicine.

James, Emily

2019 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–25

Abstract: In her 1926 essay On Being Ill, Virginia Woolf explores the "poverty of the language" in matters of illness and uncovers a lexical rift between patients and caregivers-one that continues to trouble contemporary medical culture. Even as her essay exposes ... ...

Abstract	In her 1926 essay On Being Ill, Virginia Woolf explores the "poverty of the language" in matters of illness and uncovers a lexical rift between patients and caregivers-one that continues to trouble contemporary medical culture. Even as her essay exposes and deplores the sick room's scant lexicon, Woolf herself worked to address these shortcomings throughout her career, steadily crafting a wider and more capacious vocabulary for illness. Such a language, she felt, could heighten the patient's ability to articulate the sensory nuances of illness and, in so doing, foster empathy for the ill. In arguing for the patient's expressive autonomy and advancing new models of humane caregiving, Woolf's writings and nascent lexicography anticipate the rise of narrative medicine in the twenty-first century.
MeSH term(s)	Cost of Illness ; Empathy ; Humans ; Language ; Medicine in Literature ; Narrative Medicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1080-6571 ; 0278-9671
ISSN (online)	1080-6571
ISSN	0278-9671
DOI	10.1353/lm.2019.0000
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Article ; Online: Protecting female healthworkers from ionising radiation at work.

Pilkington, Isobel / Sevenoaks, Hannah / James, Emily / Eastwood, Deborah

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2023 Volume 381, Page(s) e075406

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiation Dosage
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj-2023-075406
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Article ; Online: Primary Lymphomas of the Breast: A Review.

James, Emily R / Miranda, Roberto N / Turner, Suzanne D

JPRAS open

2022 Volume 32, Page(s) 127–143

Abstract: Lymphomas of the breast are rare neoplasms that arise from breast lymphoid tissue and are characterised by neoplastic B or T cells. Breast lymphomas arising from B cells include, but are not limited to, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, ...

Abstract	Lymphomas of the breast are rare neoplasms that arise from breast lymphoid tissue and are characterised by neoplastic B or T cells. Breast lymphomas arising from B cells include, but are not limited to, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is of a T cell origin and both anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and ALK-negative presentations have been noted in the breast. In addition, there is a more recently identified presentation of ALK-negative ALCL that arises around textured breast implants and is usually confined to a periprosthetic fibrous capsule. Here, we discuss the clinical presentations, histological and immunohistochemical features and treatment options for each type of primary breast lymphoma. We hope that this review will highlight the importance of the timely and accurate diagnosis of breast lymphoma in order to tailor the most appropriate treatment. We also wish to raise awareness of the breast implant-associated lymphomas, with the goal of stimulating work that will aid our understanding of their epidemiology and pathogenesis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834721-3
ISSN	2352-5878 ; 2352-5878
ISSN (online)	2352-5878
ISSN	2352-5878
DOI	10.1016/j.jpra.2022.01.004
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Article ; Online: Provision of dietary education in UK-based cardiac rehabilitation: a cross-sectional survey conducted in conjunction with the British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.

James, Emily / Butler, Tom / Nichols, Simon / Goodall, Stuart / O'Doherty, Alasdair F

The British journal of nutrition

2023 Volume 131, Issue 5, Page(s) 880–893

Abstract: Dietary education is a core component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). It is unknown how or what dietary education is delivered across the UK. We aimed to characterise practitioners who deliver dietary education in UK CR and determine the format and ... ...

Abstract	Dietary education is a core component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). It is unknown how or what dietary education is delivered across the UK. We aimed to characterise practitioners who deliver dietary education in UK CR and determine the format and content of the education sessions. A fifty-four-item survey was approved by the British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) committee and circulated between July and October 2021 via two emails to the BACPR mailing list and on social media. Practitioners providing dietary education within CR programmes were eligible to respond. Survey questions encompassed: practitioner job title and qualifications, resources, and the format, content and individual tailoring of diet education. Forty-nine different centres responded. Nurses (65·1 %) and dietitians (55·3 %) frequently provided dietary education. Practitioners had no nutrition-related qualifications in 46·9 % of services. Most services used credible resources to support their education, and 24·5 % used BACPR core competencies. CR programmes were mostly community based (40·8 %), lasting 8 weeks (range: 2-25) and included two (range: 1-7) diet sessions. Dietary history was assessed at the start (79·6 %) and followed up (83·7 %) by most centres; barriers to completing assessment were insufficient time, staffing or other priorities. Services mainly focused on the Mediterranean diet while topics such as malnutrition and protein intake were lower priority topics. Service improvement should focus on increasing qualifications of practitioners, standardisation of dietary assessment and improvement in protein and malnutrition screening and assessment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiac Rehabilitation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Diet ; Malnutrition ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114523002374
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Article ; Online: Real time monitoring of COVID-19 intervention effectiveness through contact tracing data.

Gibson, Graham C / Woody, Spencer / James, Emily / Weldon, Minda / Fox, Spencer J / Meyers, Lauren Ancel / Bhavnani, Darlene

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 9371

Abstract: Communities worldwide have used vaccines and facemasks to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. When an individual opts to vaccinate or wear a mask, they may lower their own risk of becoming infected as well as the risk that they pose to others while infected. ...

Abstract	Communities worldwide have used vaccines and facemasks to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. When an individual opts to vaccinate or wear a mask, they may lower their own risk of becoming infected as well as the risk that they pose to others while infected. The first benefit-reducing susceptibility-has been established across multiple studies, while the second-reducing infectivity-is less well understood. Using a new statistical method, we estimate the efficacy of vaccines and facemasks at reducing both types of risks from contact tracing data collected in an urban setting. We find that vaccination reduced the risk of onward transmission by 40.7% [95% CI 25.8-53.2%] during the Delta wave and 31.0% [95% CI 19.4-40.9%] during the Omicron wave and that mask wearing reduced the risk of infection by 64.2% [95% CI 5.8-77.3%] during the Omicron wave. By harnessing commonly-collected contact tracing data, the approach can broadly provide timely and actionable estimates of intervention efficacy against a rapidly evolving pathogen.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Contact Tracing ; Pandemics ; Vaccination
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-35892-0
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Article: Serum transthyretin and aminotransferases are associated with lean mass in people with coronary heart disease: Further insights from the CARE-CR study.

James, Emily / Goodall, Stuart / Nichols, Simon / Walker, Karen / Carroll, Sean / O'Doherty, Alasdair F / Ingle, Lee

Frontiers in medicine

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1094733

Abstract: Background: Low muscle mass disproportionately affects people with coronary heart disease compared to healthy controls but is under-researched and insufficiently treated. Inflammation, poor nutrition, and neural decline might contribute to low muscle ... ...

Abstract	Background: Low muscle mass disproportionately affects people with coronary heart disease compared to healthy controls but is under-researched and insufficiently treated. Inflammation, poor nutrition, and neural decline might contribute to low muscle mass. This study aimed to assess circulatory biomarkers related to these mechanisms [albumin, transthyretin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-terminal agrin fragment] and their relationship with muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. Our findings could be beneficial to indicate mechanisms of sarcopenia, detect sarcopenia, and evaluate treatment. Methods: Serum blood samples from people with coronary heart disease were analysed for biomarker concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using dual X-ray absorptiometry derived appendicular lean mass and reported as skeletal muscle index (SMI; kg m Results: Sixty-four people were assessed; 14 (21.9%) had low muscle mass. People with low muscle mass had lower transthyretin (effect size 0.34, Conclusion: Circulatory transthyretin, ALT and AST were associated with low muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. Low concentrations of these biomarkers might indicate that low muscle mass is partially explained by poor nutrition and high inflammation in this cohort. Targeted treatments to address these factors could be considered for people with coronary heart disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2023.1094733
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Article: Correction to: COVID-19: self-reported reductions in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom.

Swain, Patrick / James, Emily / Laws, Jonathan M / Strongman, Clare / Haw, Stuart / Barry, Gill / Chung, Henry C / Gordon, Dan

Sport sciences for health

2023 , Page(s) 1

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01012-0.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01012-0.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-08
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2244652-7
ISSN	1825-1234 ; 1824-7490
ISSN (online)	1825-1234
ISSN	1824-7490
DOI	10.1007/s11332-023-01057-9
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Article ; Online: The influence of resistance training on neuromuscular function in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

James, Emily / Nichols, Simon / Goodall, Stuart / Hicks, Kirsty M / O'Doherty, Alasdair F

Experimental gerontology

2021 Volume 149, Page(s) 111320

Abstract: Background: Deterioration of neuromuscular function is a major mechanism of age-related strength loss. Resistance training (RT) improves muscle strength and mass. However, the effects of RT on neuromuscular adaptations in middle-aged and older adults ... ...

Abstract	Background: Deterioration of neuromuscular function is a major mechanism of age-related strength loss. Resistance training (RT) improves muscle strength and mass. However, the effects of RT on neuromuscular adaptations in middle-aged and older adults are unclear. Methods: Randomised controlled RT interventions (≥2 weeks) involving adults aged ≥50 years were identified. Primary outcome measures were voluntary activation (VA), electromyographic (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and antagonist coactivation. Data were pooled using a weighted random-effect model. Sub-analyses were conducted by muscle or muscle group and health status of participants. Sensitivity analysis was based on study quality. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included. An effect was found for VA (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.54, 0.01 to 1.07, P = 0.04), This result remained significant following sensitivity analysis involving only studies that were low risk of bias. Subgroup analyses showed an effect for plantar flexor VA (SMD 1.13, 0.20 to 2.06, P = 0.02) and VA in healthy participants (SMD 1.04, 0.32 to 1.76, P = 0.004). There was no effect for EMG activity or antagonist coactivation of any muscle group (P > 0.05). Discussion: Resistance training did not alter EMG activity or antagonist coactivation in older adults. Sensitivity analysis resulted in the effect for VA remaining significant, indicating that this finding was not dependent on study quality. Studies predominantly involved healthy older adults (78%), limiting the generalisability of these findings to clinical cohorts. Future research should determine the effects of RT on neuromuscular function in people with sarcopenia and age-related syndromes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	390992-x
ISSN	1873-6815 ; 0531-5565
ISSN (online)	1873-6815
ISSN	0531-5565
DOI	10.1016/j.exger.2021.111320
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Article ; Online: The effectiveness of the Healthworks Staying Steady community-based falls prevention exercise programme to improve physical function in older adults: a 6-year service evaluation.

James, Emily / Oman, Paul / Ali, Michael / Court, Paul / Goodall, Stuart / Nichols, Simon J / O'Doherty, Alasdair F

BMC public health

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1457

Abstract: Background: Falls prevention exercise programmes are evidence-based and recommended for improving physical function in older adults. However, few service evaluations exist to assess the effectiveness of community-delivered interventions in practice.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Falls prevention exercise programmes are evidence-based and recommended for improving physical function in older adults. However, few service evaluations exist to assess the effectiveness of community-delivered interventions in practice. Methods: We conducted a six-year, retrospective evaluation of the community-delivered Staying Steady programme (Healthworks, United Kingdom). Staying Steady is a 27-week, tailored strength and balance programme delivered in a group setting (1-h, once/week) and at home (30-40 min, 2-3 times/week). Participants were referred by healthcare professionals, or self-referred, due to a history or risk of falling. Routinely collected outcome measures (30-s chair stand, Timed Up and Go, four-stage balance test, and patient reported outcomes; including 'fear of falling' and 'ability to manage health') were analysed. Factors associated with programme completion were reported. The intervention effect on physical function was analysed in subgroups: participants used arms to chair-stand or a walking-aid at both ('aided'), neither ('unaided'), or one assessment timepoint ('aided at baseline only' or 'aided at follow-up only'). Results: There were 1,426 referrals; 835 (67.3%) participants enrolled on to the Staying Steady programme, 406 (32.7%) declined, 185 (13.0%) were inappropriately referred and excluded from analysis. After enrolling, 451 (54.0%) participants completed, and 384 (46.0%) dropped out. Chair stand performance improved in participants who were unaided (n = 264; median 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] repetitions; P < 0.001), or aided at baseline, follow-up or both (n = 170, P < 0.05). Timed Up and Go performance improved in the unaided (n = 387; median -3.1 [-5.4, -1.4] s, P < 0.001), and aided at baseline only (n = 32; median -4.9 [-10.8, -3.4] s, P < 0.001) groups. Four-stage balance performance improved (n = 295; median 1.0 [0.0, 1.0] points, P < 0.001). After programme completion, participants self-reported an improved ability to manage their health and daily activities, improved confidence, and a reduced fear of falling. Presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fear of falling, prescribed nutritional support, disability and social deprivation influenced non-completion of Staying Steady. Conclusions: Completing Staying Steady improved physical function in older adults. Methods to encourage retention of participants from groups associated with low uptake and adherence should be investigated.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Community Health Services ; Exercise Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-022-13832-3
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Article ; Online: The effectiveness of COVID-19 testing and contact tracing in a US city.

Wang, Xutong / Du, Zhanwei / James, Emily / Fox, Spencer J / Lachmann, Michael / Meyers, Lauren Ancel / Bhavnani, Darlene

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 119, Issue 34, Page(s) e2200652119

Abstract: Although testing, contact tracing, and case isolation programs can mitigate COVID-19 transmission and allow the relaxation of social distancing measures, few countries worldwide have succeeded in scaling such efforts to levels that suppress spread. The ... ...

Abstract	Although testing, contact tracing, and case isolation programs can mitigate COVID-19 transmission and allow the relaxation of social distancing measures, few countries worldwide have succeeded in scaling such efforts to levels that suppress spread. The efficacy of test-trace-isolate likely depends on the speed and extent of follow-up and the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Here, we use a granular model of COVID-19 transmission to estimate the public health impacts of test-trace-isolate programs across a range of programmatic and epidemiological scenarios, based on testing and contact tracing data collected on a university campus and surrounding community in Austin, TX, between October 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. The median time between specimen collection from a symptomatic case and quarantine of a traced contact was 2 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 2 to 3) on campus and 5 days (IQR: 3 to 8) in the community. Assuming a reproduction number of 1.2, we found that detection of 40% of all symptomatic cases followed by isolation is expected to avert 39% (IQR: 30% to 45%) of COVID-19 cases. Contact tracing is expected to increase the cases averted to 53% (IQR: 42% to 58%) or 40% (32% to 47%), assuming the 2- and 5-day delays estimated on campus and in the community, respectively. In a tracing-accelerated scenario, in which 75% of contacts are notified the day after specimen collection, cases averted increase to 68% (IQR: 55% to 72%). An accelerated contact tracing program leveraging rapid testing and electronic reporting of test results can significantly curtail local COVID-19 transmission.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19 Testing/standards ; COVID-19 Testing/statistics & numerical data ; Contact Tracing/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Texas/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2200652119
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