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  1. Article ; Online: Agriculture and human values at 40 years: reflections on its scale and scope

    James, Harvey S., Jr

    Agric Hum Values. 2023 Mar., v. 40, no. 1 p.25-30

    2023  

    Abstract: Since its origins as an academic newsletter, Agriculture and Human Values has evolved to be one of the leading journals publishing critical scholarship of the food and agricultural system. This essay illustrates and comments on the evolution of the scale ...

    Abstract Since its origins as an academic newsletter, Agriculture and Human Values has evolved to be one of the leading journals publishing critical scholarship of the food and agricultural system. This essay illustrates and comments on the evolution of the scale and scope of research published in the journal over the years.
    Keywords evolution ; foods ; humans ; journals
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Size p. 25-30.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 743547-2
    ISSN 1572-8366 ; 0889-048X
    ISSN (online) 1572-8366
    ISSN 0889-048X
    DOI 10.1007/s10460-022-10369-4
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 4806: Show issues

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  2. Article: Power, Fairness and Constrained Choice in Agricultural Markets: A Synthesizing Framework

    Hendrickson, Mary K / James, Harvey S., Jr

    Journal of agricultural & environmental ethics. 2016 Dec., v. 29, no. 6

    2016  

    Abstract: The (un)fairness of agricultural markets is frequently invoked, especially by farmers. But fairness is difficult to define and measure. In this paper we link fairness and power with the concept of constrained choice to develop a framework for assessing ... ...

    Abstract The (un)fairness of agricultural markets is frequently invoked, especially by farmers. But fairness is difficult to define and measure. In this paper we link fairness and power with the concept of constrained choice to develop a framework for assessing fairness in agricultural markets. We use network exchange theory to define power from the dependencies that exist in agricultural networks. The structure of agricultural networks and the options that agricultural producers have to participate in agricultural networks affect the degree to which they are dependent on others within the network. Dependency, in turn, affects the choices that agricultural producers have. We consider both the number and nature of these choices. We argue that constraining or limiting choices—both in number and type—violates principles of justice. Importantly, network exchange theory provides a method for assessing constraints in choices and, hence, the fairness of agricultural markets. Such an assessment could potentially lead to new policies that safeguard the liberties of marketplace participants. We present a brief case to illustrate how this framework can inform on the fairness of agricultural markets and conclude with considerations of what this means for policy, particularly in the arena of anti-trust.
    Keywords farmers ; issues and policy ; markets ; social justice
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-12
    Size p. 945-967.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1187-7863
    DOI 10.1007/s10806-016-9641-8
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Conference proceedings: Case studies on smallholder farmer voice: an introduction to a special symposium

    James, Harvey S., Jr / Sulemana, Iddisah

    Agriculture and human values. 2014 Dec., v. 31, no. 4

    2014  

    Abstract: In the spring of 2013, project leaders who received funding from the John Templeton Foundation’s program “Can GM Crops Help to Feed the World?” met in England to discuss progress on funded projects and to identify common objectives and research interests. ...

    Abstract In the spring of 2013, project leaders who received funding from the John Templeton Foundation’s program “Can GM Crops Help to Feed the World?” met in England to discuss progress on funded projects and to identify common objectives and research interests. The collection of essays in this special symposium is one outcome of that meeting. This introduction provides background on the symposium’s theme of understanding the challenges to smallholder farmers having a voice. Farmer voice is important not only in debates about genetically modified crops but also for policies, technologies and other efforts designed by interests seeking ostensibly to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers.
    Keywords case studies ; farmers ; funding ; issues and policy ; livelihood ; transgenic plants ; England
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-12
    Size p. 637-641.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article ; Conference proceedings
    ZDB-ID 743547-2
    ISSN 1572-8366 ; 0889-048X
    ISSN (online) 1572-8366
    ISSN 0889-048X
    DOI 10.1007/s10460-014-9554-y
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  4. Book ; Article ; Online: A New Institutional Economics Perspective on the Relationship Among Societal Values, Governance Structure and Access to Rural Health Care Services

    James, Harvey S., Jr.

    2007  

    Abstract: According to New Institutional Economics, transactional activities, governance structures, institutions and beliefs and values are related hierarchally. Williamson (2000) formalizes this framework to show that each governing level must be aligned with ... ...

    Abstract According to New Institutional Economics, transactional activities, governance structures, institutions and beliefs and values are related hierarchally. Williamson (2000) formalizes this framework to show that each governing level must be aligned with the adjacent level for transaction costs to be minimized. This framework is applied to the question of balancing costs and access in health care. Transaction costs in providing health care services can be minimized if all hierarchal functions are aligned. Examining the highest level associated with beliefs and values reveals that the beliefs of people might not be fully consistent with the institutions and governance structures expected or advocated in the area of health care, particularly in the context of rural health care services.
    Keywords rural health care ; cost ; access ; efficiency ; new institutional economics ; rights ; Health Economics and Policy ; Institutional and Behavioral Economics
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Trust in Scientists and Food Manufacturers

    James, Harvey S., Jr.

    Implications for the Public Support of Biotechnology

    2006  

    Abstract: An analysis of data from the U.S. Biotechnology Study, 1997S1998 reveals that few variables affect public trust in scientists, while variables representing perceived benefits, risks, trustworthiness, and competence affect trust in food manufacturers on ... ...

    Abstract An analysis of data from the U.S. Biotechnology Study, 1997S1998 reveals that few variables affect public trust in scientists, while variables representing perceived benefits, risks, trustworthiness, and competence affect trust in food manufacturers on matters of biotechnology. Both trust in scientists and trust in food manufacturers have a large and important effect on public support for biotechnology, although trust in scientists is found to be more important than trust in food manufacturers. Findings of this analysis suggest that trust in scientists is relatively generalized, while trust in food manufacturers is particularized.
    Keywords biotechnology ; genetic modification ; public support of biotechnology ; public trust ; trust ; Agribusiness ; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
    Language English
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Article: Sustainable agriculture and free market economics: Finding common ground in Adam Smith

    James, Harvey S. Jr

    Agriculture and human values. 2006 Dec., v. 23, no. 4

    2006  

    Abstract: There are two competing approaches to sustainability in agriculture. One stresses a strict economic approach in which market forces should guide the activities of agricultural producers. The other advocates the need to balance economic with environmental ...

    Abstract There are two competing approaches to sustainability in agriculture. One stresses a strict economic approach in which market forces should guide the activities of agricultural producers. The other advocates the need to balance economic with environmental and social objectives, even to the point of reducing profitability. The writings of the eighteenth century moral philosopher Adam Smith could bridge the debate. Smith certainly promoted profit-seeking, private property, and free market exchange consistent with the strict economic perspective. However, his writings are also consistent with many aspects of sustainable agriculture. For example, Smith argued that people ought to exercise restraint in their pursuit of self-interest, and he believed in balancing economic with environmental and social considerations. If both sides of the debate more fully regard the work of Adam Smith, then proponents of the strict economic perspective might be more appreciative of the concerns raised within the sustainable agriculture community, while advocates of sustainability might be more effective in achieving the objective of a sustainable agriculture.
    Keywords sustainable agriculture
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2006-12
    Size p. 427-438.
    Publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Publishing place Dordrecht
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 743547-2
    ISSN 1572-8366 ; 0889-048X
    ISSN (online) 1572-8366
    ISSN 0889-048X
    DOI 10.1007/s10460-006-9020-6
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 4806: Show issues

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  7. Book ; Article ; Online: For a Sustainable Agriculture, We Need More Adam Smith, Not Less

    James, Harvey S., Jr.

    2005  

    Abstract: There are two competing approaches sustainability in agriculture. One stresses a strict economic approach in which market forces should be allowed to guide the activities of agricultural producers. The other advocates the need to balance economic with ... ...

    Abstract There are two competing approaches sustainability in agriculture. One stresses a strict economic approach in which market forces should be allowed to guide the activities of agricultural producers. The other advocates the need to balance economic with environmental and social objectives, even to the point of reducing profitability. This paper shows how the writings of the 18th century moral philosopher Adam Smith could bridge the debate. First, he is recognized by those advocating the economic approach as an architect of modern economics. Second, his writings are consistent with many aspects of sustainable agriculture. Smith argues that people ought to exercise restraint in their pursuit of self-interest. He also recognizes the need to balance economic with environmental and social considerations. One implication is that advocates of sustainable agriculture might be more effective by actively promoting the work of Adam Smith.
    Keywords Environmental Economics and Policy ; Political Economy
    Language English
    Publisher AgEcon Search
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Article ; Online: Trust in Scientists and Food Manufacturers, with Implications for the Public Support of Biotechnology

    James, Harvey S., Jr.

    2005  

    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine what factor affect trust in scientists and food manufacturers, and to examine how trust in these institutions affects public support for biotechnology. Data from the U.S. Biotechnology Study reveal that benefits ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine what factor affect trust in scientists and food manufacturers, and to examine how trust in these institutions affects public support for biotechnology. Data from the U.S. Biotechnology Study reveal that benefits from biotechnology and expectations of trustworthiness are correlated with trust in scientists, but benefits and costs of biotechnology, and expectations of trustworthiness and competence of biotechnology institutions, are important determinants of trust in food manufacturers. The data also reveal that trust in scientists and food manufacturers has a large and important effect on public support for biotechnology, but trust in scientists is more important for public support than trust in food manufacturers.
    Keywords Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety ; L65 ; Q18
    Language English
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  9. Article: Trust and Distrust in Biotechnology Risk Managers: Insights from the United Kingdom, 1996-2002

    James, Harvey S. Jr / Marks, Leonie A

    Agbioforum. 2008, v. 11, no. 2

    2008  

    Abstract: During the late 1990s, negative events related to biotechnology were reported in the UK media. According to the trust asymmetry hypothesis, such events should cause public trust in biotechnology risk managers to decline rapidly and rebound slowly. Using ... ...

    Abstract During the late 1990s, negative events related to biotechnology were reported in the UK media. According to the trust asymmetry hypothesis, such events should cause public trust in biotechnology risk managers to decline rapidly and rebound slowly. Using Eurobarometer data we show that public trust in risk managers declined from 1996 to 1999 but rebounded sharply between 1999 and 2002. Using canonical discriminant analysis we find that trust is correlated with knowledge of science, as well as perceptions of benefits and risks. We also identify distinct categories of people who do not trust--people who distrust risk managers but trust other sources of biotechnology information, people who trust nobody, and people who are uncertain about their trust of risk managers. We argue that attention should be placed not only on understanding how to improve trust but also on the nature and characteristics of people who distrust risk managers of biotechnology.
    Keywords biotechnology ; risk management ; public opinion ; perceptions (cognitive) ; knowledge ; discriminant analysis ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Size p. 93-105.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1472497-2
    ISSN 1522-936X
    ISSN 1522-936X
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Perceived economic pressures and farmer ethics

    James, Harvey S. Jr / Hendrickson, Mary K

    Agricultural economics the journal of the International Association of Agricultural Economists. 2008 May, v. 38, no. 3

    2008  

    Abstract: We hypothesize that an increase in the economic pressures a farmer feels could result in that farmer being more tolerant of unethical conduct than farmers not experiencing economic pressures. To test this hypothesis, we use data from a survey of 3,000 ... ...

    Abstract We hypothesize that an increase in the economic pressures a farmer feels could result in that farmer being more tolerant of unethical conduct than farmers not experiencing economic pressures. To test this hypothesis, we use data from a survey of 3,000 Missouri farmers with farm sales in excess of $10,000 in 2005 in which farmers were asked how acceptable they considered various unethical or questionable farming practices. The survey also contained questions designed to measure perceived economic pressures. We find evidence that economic pressures result in a greater willingness of farmers to tolerate unethical conduct, particularly in the case of actions that have the potential of causing harm or that are influenced by law or contract. We also find that the more frequently a farmer reports observing an unethical action, the more accepting he is of it.
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2008-05
    Size p. 349-361.
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 742889-3
    ISSN 0169-5150
    ISSN 0169-5150
    DOI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00305.x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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