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  1. Article ; Online: Sodium restriction and insulin resistance

    James J. DiNicolantonio / James H. O'Keefe

    Journal of Insulin Resistance, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

    A review of 23 clinical trials

    2023  Volume 9

    Abstract: Background: Many clinicians recommend low-salt diets for lowering blood pressure but there may be unintended consequences such as worsening insulin resistance. Aim: This paper aimed to find human clinical studies looking at low-salt diets on markers of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Many clinicians recommend low-salt diets for lowering blood pressure but there may be unintended consequences such as worsening insulin resistance. Aim: This paper aimed to find human clinical studies looking at low-salt diets on markers of glucose and insulin. Methods: We reviewed PubMed using the search terms ‘sodium’, ‘insulin’ and ‘insulin resistance’ and found 23 human clinical studies testing low-salt diets showing negative harms on insulin or glucose. Results: Twenty-three human clinical trials have shown that low-salt diets lead to systemic or vascular insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, elevated fasting insulin and/or elevations in glucose and/or insulin levels after an oral glucose tolerance test. Conclusion: We discovered 23 human clinical studies showing that low-salt diets worsen markers of insulin and glucose. Caution is advised when recommending salt restriction for blood pressure control as this may lead to worsening insulin resistance. Contribution: This review has revealed that low salt diets can induce insulin resistance.
    Keywords salt ; sodium ; insulin resistance ; insulin ; hyperinsulinaemia ; glucose ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ; RC648-665
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AOSIS
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: The fructose–copper connection

    James J. DiNicolantonio / Dennis Mangan / James H. O'Keefe

    Journal of Insulin Resistance, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

    Added sugars induce fatty liver and insulin resistance via copper deficiency

    2018  Volume 3

    Abstract: Background: Evidence suggests that the overconsumption of added sugars can induce fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Aim: To propose a hypothesis that added sugars induce copper deficiency which can lead to hepatic iron overload, fatty liver ... ...

    Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that the overconsumption of added sugars can induce fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Aim: To propose a hypothesis that added sugars induce copper deficiency which can lead to hepatic iron overload, fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and eventually non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Setting: On average, the intake of added sugars in humans is higher than levels that have been found to impair copper status in animals. Methods: Narrative review. Results: Fructose-induced copper deficiency may be a leading cause of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Conclusion: The reduction in the intake of added sugars may improve copper status and reduce the risk of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.
    Keywords copper ; fructose ; sucrose ; sugar ; fatty liver ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ; RC648-665
    Subject code 571 ; 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AOSIS
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Added sugars drive chronic kidney disease and its consequences

    James J. DiNicolantonio / Jaikrit Bhutani / James H. O'Keefe

    Journal of Insulin Resistance, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

    A comprehensive review

    2016  Volume 6

    Abstract: The consumption of added sugars (e.g. sucrose [table sugar] and high-fructose corn syrup) over the last 200 years has increased exponentially and parallels the increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data for animals and humans suggest that ...

    Abstract The consumption of added sugars (e.g. sucrose [table sugar] and high-fructose corn syrup) over the last 200 years has increased exponentially and parallels the increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data for animals and humans suggest that the consumption of added sugars leads to kidney damage and related metabolic derangements that increase cardiovascular risk. Importantly, the consumption of added sugars has been found to induce insulin resistance and increase uric acid in humans, both of which increase the conversion of glucose to fructose (i.e. fructogenesis) via the polyol pathway. The polyol pathway has recently been implicated in the contribution and progression of kidney damage, suggesting that even glucose can be toxic to the kidney via its endogenous transformation into fructose in the proximal tubule. Consuming added fructose has been shown to induce insulin resistance, which can lead to hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and the activation of the immune system, all of which can synergistically contribute to kidney damage. CKD guidelines should stress a reduction in the consumption of added sugars as a means to prevent and treat CKD as well as reduce CKD–related morbidity and mortality.
    Keywords chronic kidney disease ; diabetes ; fructose ; high-fructose corn syrup ; sucrose ; sugar ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ; RC648-665
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AOSIS
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Takotsubo Syndrome

    Evan L. O’Keefe, MD / Noel Torres-Acosta, MD / James H. O’Keefe, MD / Jessica E. Sturgess, MD / Carl J. Lavie, MD / Kevin A. Bybee, MD

    Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, Vol 4, Iss 6, Pp 775-

    Cardiotoxic Stress in the COVID Era

    2020  Volume 785

    Abstract: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy and broken heart syndrome, is a neurocardiac condition that is among the most dramatic manifestations of psychosomatic disorders. This paper is based on a systematic review of TTS and stress ... ...

    Abstract Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy and broken heart syndrome, is a neurocardiac condition that is among the most dramatic manifestations of psychosomatic disorders. This paper is based on a systematic review of TTS and stress cardiomyopathy using a PubMed literature search. Typically, an episode of severe emotional or physical stress precipitates regions of left ventricular hypokinesis or akinesis, which are not aligned with a coronary artery distribution and are out of proportion to the modest troponin leak. A classic patient with TTS is described; one who had chest pain and dyspnea while watching an anxiety-provoking evening news program on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. An increase in the incidence of TTS appears to be a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the TTS incidence rising 4.5-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic even in individuals without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Takotsubo syndrome is often mistaken for acute coronary syndrome because they both typically present with chest pain, electrocardiographic changes suggesting myocardial injury/ischemia, and troponin elevations. Recent studies report that the prognosis for TTS is similar to that for acute myocardial infarction. This review is an update on the mechanisms underlying TTS, its diagnosis, and its optimal management.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The western diet and lifestyle and diseases of civilization

    Pedro Carrera-Bastos / Maelan Fontes-Villalba / James H O’Keefe

    Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology, Vol 2011, Iss default, Pp 15-

    2011  Volume 35

    Abstract: Pedro Carrera-Bastos1, Maelan Fontes-Villalba1, James H O’Keefe2, Staffan Lindeberg1, Loren Cordain31Center for Primary Health Care Research, Faculty of Medicine at Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; 2Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute/University of ... ...

    Abstract Pedro Carrera-Bastos1, Maelan Fontes-Villalba1, James H O’Keefe2, Staffan Lindeberg1, Loren Cordain31Center for Primary Health Care Research, Faculty of Medicine at Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; 2Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; 3Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USAAbstract: It is increasingly recognized that certain fundamental changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred after the Neolithic Revolution, and especially after the Industrial Revolution and the Modern Age, are too recent, on an evolutionary time scale, for the human genome to have completely adapted. This mismatch between our ancient physiology and the western diet and lifestyle underlies many so-called diseases of civilization, including coronary heart disease, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, epithelial cell cancers, autoimmune disease, and osteoporosis, which are rare or virtually absent in hunter–gatherers and other non-westernized populations. It is therefore proposed that the adoption of diet and lifestyle that mimic the beneficial characteristics of the preagricultural environment is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases.Keywords: Paleolithic, hunter–gatherers, Agricultural Revolution, modern diet, western lifestyle and diseases
    Keywords Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ; RC666-701 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Cardiovascular ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Dove Medical Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Alzheimer's “Prevention” vs. “Risk Reduction”

    John F. Hodes / Carlee I. Oakley / James H. O'Keefe / Peilin Lu / James E. Galvin / Nabeel Saif / Sonia Bellara / Aneela Rahman / Yakir Kaufman / Hollie Hristov / Tarek K. Rajji / Anne Marie Fosnacht Morgan / Smita Patel / David A. Merrill / Scott Kaiser / Josefina Meléndez-Cabrero / Juan A. Melendez / Robert Krikorian / Richard S. Isaacson

    Frontiers in Neurology, Vol

    Transcending Semantics for Clinical Practice

    2019  Volume 9

    Abstract: The terms “prevention” and “risk reduction” are often used interchangeably in medicine. There is considerable debate, however, over the use of these terms in describing interventions that aim to preserve cognitive health and/or delay disease progression ... ...

    Abstract The terms “prevention” and “risk reduction” are often used interchangeably in medicine. There is considerable debate, however, over the use of these terms in describing interventions that aim to preserve cognitive health and/or delay disease progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for patients seeking clinical care. Furthermore, it is important to distinguish between Alzheimer's disease prevention and Alzheimer's dementia prevention when using these terms. While prior studies have codified research-based criteria for the progressive stages of AD, there are no clear clinical consensus criteria to guide the use of these terms for physicians in practice. A clear understanding of the implications of each term will help guide clinical practice and clinical research. The authors explore the semantics and appropriate use of the terms “prevention” and “risk reduction” as they relate to AD in clinical practice.
    Keywords Alzheimer's disease prevention ; dementia prevention ; risk reduction ; precision medicine ; primary prevention ; secondary prevention ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429
    Subject code 610 ; 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Invited Review: Cardioprotective Effects of ω-3 Fatty Acids

    Harris, William S / James H. O'Keefe

    Nutrition in clinical practice. 2001 Feb., v. 16, no. 1

    2001  

    Abstract: The suggestion that marine ω-3 fatty acids might have beneficial cardiovascular effects was first made by epidemiologic studies in Greenland Inuits published in the late 1970s. These simple observations spawned hundreds of other studies which, taken ... ...

    Abstract The suggestion that marine ω-3 fatty acids might have beneficial cardiovascular effects was first made by epidemiologic studies in Greenland Inuits published in the late 1970s. These simple observations spawned hundreds of other studies which, taken together, strongly suggest a true cardioprotective effect of ω-3 fatty acids. The strongest evidence to date that ω-3 fatty acids may be palliative has come from the publication of three randomized clinical trials, all of which reported benefits to patients with preexisting coronary artery disease. The most convincing of these was the GISSI-Prevezione study in which 5654 patients with coronary artery disease were randomized to either ω-3 fatty acids (850 mg/d) or usual care. After 3.5 years, those taking the ω-3 fatty acids had experienced a 20% reduction in overall mortality and a 45% decrease in risk for sudden cardiac death. These findings support the view that relatively small intakes of ω-3 fatty acids are indeed cardioprotective, and suggest that they may operate by stabilizing the myocardium itself.
    Keywords cardioprotective effect ; clinical trials ; coronary artery disease ; death ; epidemiological studies ; mortality ; myocardium ; omega-3 fatty acids ; patients ; Greenland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2001-02
    Size p. 6-12.
    Publishing place SAGE Publications
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 645074-x
    ISSN 1941-2452 ; 0884-5336
    ISSN (online) 1941-2452
    ISSN 0884-5336
    DOI 10.1177/088453360101600103
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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