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Article ; Online: The impact of racism on subsequent healthcare use and experiences for adult New Zealanders

Ricci Harris / Donna Cormack / Andrew Waa / Richard Edwards / James Stanley

BMC Public Health, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a prospective cohort study

2024 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Background Racism is an important determinant of health and driver of racial/ethnic health inequities. Experience of racism has been linked to negative healthcare use and experiences although most studies have been cross-sectional. This study ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Racism is an important determinant of health and driver of racial/ethnic health inequities. Experience of racism has been linked to negative healthcare use and experiences although most studies have been cross-sectional. This study examines the relationship between reported experience of racism and subsequent use and experience of health services. Methods This is a prospective cohort study design. The 2016/2017 adult New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS) provided the sampling frame and baseline data on exposures, health status and confounders. This stand-alone study invited all exposed individuals to participate when sampled based on their reported experience of racism (ever), stratified by broad ethnic groupings (Māori, Pacific, Asian, European/Other). Equal numbers of unexposed participants were selected for invitation using propensity score matching (propensity to experience racism, based on key available predictive factors). Follow-up was one to two years after NZHS interview. Outcome variables (last 12 months) were: unmet healthcare need (overall, for mental health, for a general practitioner); satisfaction with usual medical centre; and experiences with general practitioners (explaining care, involvement in decision-making, treated with respect/dignity, confidence and trust). Logistic regression models examining the association between experience of racism (at baseline) and health service use and experience (at follow-up) used doubly-robust estimation to weight for propensity scores used in the sampling with additional adjustment for confounders. Results The study had 2010 participants. Experience of racism (ever) at baseline was associated with higher overall unmet need at follow-up (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.71, 95% CI 1.31, 2.23), with similar patterns for other unmet need measures. Experience of racism was associated with higher dissatisfaction with a usual medical centre (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.10, 1.81) and with higher reporting of negative patient experiences. Conclusion In line with how ...
Keywords	Racism ; New Zealand ; Healthcare ; Prospective ; Cohort study ; Unmet need ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Raman spectroscopic molecular fingerprinting of biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease.

Buchan, Emma / Rickard, Jonathan James Stanley / Oppenheimer, Pola Goldberg

Clinical and translational medicine

2023 Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) e1345

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2697013-2
ISSN	2001-1326 ; 2001-1326
ISSN (online)	2001-1326
ISSN	2001-1326
DOI	10.1002/ctm2.1345
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Advanced Tuneable Micronanoplatforms for Sensitive and Selective Multiplexed Spectroscopic Sensing via Electro-Hydrodynamic Surface Molecular Lithography.

Gomes, Paulo De Carvalho / Hin-Chu, Martin / Rickard, Jonathan James Stanley / Goldberg Oppenheimer, Pola

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

2024 Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) e2306068

Abstract: Micro- and nanopatterning of materials, one of the cornerstones of emerging technologies, has transformed research capabilities in lab-on-a-chip diagnostics. Herein, a micro- and nanolithographic method is developed, enabling structuring materials at the ...

Abstract	Micro- and nanopatterning of materials, one of the cornerstones of emerging technologies, has transformed research capabilities in lab-on-a-chip diagnostics. Herein, a micro- and nanolithographic method is developed, enabling structuring materials at the submicron scale, which can, in turn, accelerate the development of miniaturized platform technologies and biomedical sensors. Underpinning it is the advanced electro-hydrodynamic surface molecular lithography, via inducing interfacial instabilities produces micro- and nanostructured substrates, uniquely integrated with synthetic surface recognition. This approach enables the manufacture of design patterns with tuneable feature sizes, which are functionalized via synthetic nanochemistry for highly sensitive, selective, rapid molecular sensing. The development of a high-precision piezoelectric lithographic rig enables reproducible substrate fabrication with optimum signal enhancement optimized for functionalization with capture molecules on each micro- and nanostructured array. This facilitates spatial separation, which during the spectroscopic sensing, enables multiplexed measurement of target molecules, establishing the detection at minute concentrations. Subsequently, this nano-plasmonic lab-on-a-chip combined with the unconventional computational classification algorithm and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, aimed to address the challenges associated with timely point-of-care detection of disease-indicative biomarkers, is utilized in validation assay for multiplex detection of traumatic brain injury indicative glycan biomarkers, demonstrating straightforward and cost-effective micro- and nanoplatforms for accurate detection.
MeSH term(s)	Hydrodynamics ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2808093-2
ISSN	2198-3844 ; 2198-3844
ISSN (online)	2198-3844
ISSN	2198-3844
DOI	10.1002/advs.202306068
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Equity of timely access to liver and stomach cancer surgery for Indigenous patients in New Zealand

James Stanley / Jonathan Koea / Diana Sarfati / Jason Gurney / Clarence Kerrison

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

a national cohort study

2022 Volume 4

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hybrid use of Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks to discriminate Mycobacterium bovis BCG and other Mycobacteriales.

Macgregor-Fairlie, Michael / De Gomes, Paulo / Weston, Daniel / Rickard, Jonathan James Stanley / Goldberg Oppenheimer, Pola

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) e0293093

Abstract: Even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem and the 2nd biggest infectious cause of death worldwide. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop effective TB diagnostic methods, which are ... ...

Abstract	Even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem and the 2nd biggest infectious cause of death worldwide. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop effective TB diagnostic methods, which are cheap, portable, sensitive and specific. Raman spectroscopy is a potential spectroscopic technique for this purpose, however, so far, research efforts have focused primarily on the characterisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria, neglecting bacteria within the microbiome and thus, failing to consider the bigger picture. It is paramount to characterise relevant Mycobacteriales and develop suitable analytical tools to discriminate them from each other. Herein, through the combined use of Raman spectroscopy and the self-optimising Kohonen index network and further multivariate tools, we have successfully undertaken the spectral analysis of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Rhodoccocus erythropolis. This has led to development of a useful tool set, which can readily discern spectral differences between these three closely related bacteria as well as generate a unique spectral barcode for each species. Further optimisation and refinement of the developed method will enable its application to other bacteria inhabiting the microbiome and ultimately lead to advanced diagnostic technologies, which can save many lives.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Pandemics ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Actinomycetales ; Neural Networks, Computer ; BCG Vaccine
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0293093
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The inequity of morbidity

Jason Gurney / James Stanley / Diana Sarfati

Journal of Comorbidity, Vol

Disparities in the prevalence of morbidity between ethnic groups in New Zealand

2020 Volume 10

Abstract: Objective: The burden of chronic disease is not evenly shared within our society. In this manuscript, we use comprehensive national-level data to compare morbidity burden between ethnic groups in New Zealand. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The burden of chronic disease is not evenly shared within our society. In this manuscript, we use comprehensive national-level data to compare morbidity burden between ethnic groups in New Zealand. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of morbidity among all New Zealanders aged 18+ (n = 3,296,837), stratified by ethnic group (Māori, Pacific, Asian, Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, European/Other), using national-level hospitalisation and pharmaceutical data and two measures of morbidity (the M3 and P3 indices). Results and Conclusions: We observed substantial disparities for Māori and Pacific peoples compared to other ethnic groups for the vast majority of commonly-diagnosed morbidities. These disparities appeared strongest for the most-common conditions – meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples disproportionately shoulder an increased burden of these key conditions. We also observed that prevalence of these conditions emerged at earlier ages, meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples also experience a disproportionate impact of individual conditions on the quality and quantity of life. Finally, we observed strong disparities in the prevalence of conditions that may exacerbate the impact of COVID-19, such as chronic pulmonary, liver or renal disease. The substantial inequities we have presented here have been created and perpetuated by the social determinants of health, including institutionalised racism: thus solutions will require addressing these systemic issues as well as addressing inequities in individual-level care.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Equity of travel required to access first definitive surgery for liver or stomach cancer in New Zealand.

Jason Gurney / Jesse Whitehead / Clarence Kerrison / James Stanley / Diana Sarfati / Jonathan Koea

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

2022 Volume 0269593

Abstract: In New Zealand, there are known disparities between the Indigenous Māori and the majority non-Indigenous European populations in access to cancer treatment, with resulting disparities in cancer survival. There is international evidence of ethnic ... ...

Abstract	In New Zealand, there are known disparities between the Indigenous Māori and the majority non-Indigenous European populations in access to cancer treatment, with resulting disparities in cancer survival. There is international evidence of ethnic disparities in the distance travelled to access cancer treatment; and as such, the aim of this paper was to examine the distance and time travelled to access surgical care between Māori and European liver and stomach cancer patients. We used national-level data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis to describe the distance travelled by patients to receive their first primary surgery for liver or stomach cancer, as well as the estimated time to travel this distance by road, and the surgical volume of hospitals performing these procedures. All cases of liver (ICD-10-AM 3rd edition code: C22) and stomach (C16) cancer that occurred in New Zealand (2007-2019) were drawn from the New Zealand Cancer Registry (liver cancer: 866 Māori, 2,460 European; stomach cancer: 953 Māori, 3,192 European), and linked to national inpatient hospitalisation records to examine access to surgery. We found that Māori on average travel 120km for liver cancer surgery, compared to around 60km for Europeans, while a substantial minority of both Māori and European liver cancer patients must travel more than 200km for their first primary liver surgery, and this situation appears worse for Māori (36% vs 29%; adj. OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.09-2.01). No such disparities were observed for stomach cancer. This contrast between cancers is likely driven by the centralisation of liver cancer surgery relative to stomach cancer. In order to support Māori to access liver cancer care, we recommend that additional support is provided to Māori patients (including prospective financial support), and that efforts are made to remotely provide those clinical services that can be decentralised.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hybrid use of Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks to discriminate Mycobacterium bovis BCG and other Mycobacteriales

Michael Macgregor-Fairlie / Paulo De Gomes / Daniel Weston / Jonathan James Stanley Rickard / Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 12

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Window into the mind: Advanced handheld spectroscopic eye-safe technology for point-of-care neurodiagnostic.

Banbury, Carl / Harris, Georgia / Clancy, Michael / Blanch, Richard J / Rickard, Jonathan James Stanley / Goldberg Oppenheimer, Pola

Science advances

2023 Volume 9, Issue 46, Page(s) eadg5431

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is hard to diagnose at the point of care with patients often exhibiting no clinical symptoms. There is an urgent need for rapid point-of-care diagnostics to enable timely ... ...

Abstract	Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is hard to diagnose at the point of care with patients often exhibiting no clinical symptoms. There is an urgent need for rapid point-of-care diagnostics to enable timely intervention. We have developed a technology for rapid acquisition of molecular fingerprints of TBI biochemistry to safely measure proxies for cerebral injury through the eye, providing a path toward noninvasive point-of-care neurodiagnostics using simultaneous Raman spectroscopy and fundus imaging of the neuroretina. Detection of endogenous neuromarkers in porcine eyes' posterior revealed enhancement of high-wave number bands, clearly distinguishing TBI and healthy cohorts, classified via artificial neural network algorithm for automated data interpretation. Clinically, translating into reduced specialist support, this markedly improves the speed of diagnosis. Designed as a hand-held cost-effective technology, it can allow clinicians to rapidly assess TBI at the point of care and identify long-term changes in brain biochemistry in acute or chronic neurodiseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Swine ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnosis ; Brain ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.adg5431
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Article ; Online: Review: Emerging Eye-Based Diagnostic Technologies for Traumatic Brain Injury.

Harris, Georgia / Rickard, Jonathan James Stanley / Butt, Gibran / Kelleher, Liam / Blanch, Richard James / Cooper, Jonathan / Oppenheimer, Pola Goldberg

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering

2023 Volume 16, Page(s) 530–559

Abstract: The study of ocular manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders, Oculomics, is a growing field of investigation for early diagnostics, enabling structural and chemical biomarkers to be monitored overtime to predict prognosis. Traumatic brain injury ( ... ...

Abstract	The study of ocular manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders, Oculomics, is a growing field of investigation for early diagnostics, enabling structural and chemical biomarkers to be monitored overtime to predict prognosis. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a cascade of events harmful to the brain, which can lead to neurodegeneration. TBI, termed the "silent epidemic" is becoming a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. There is currently no effective diagnostic tool for TBI, and yet, early-intervention is known to considerably shorten hospital stays, improve outcomes, fasten neurological recovery and lower mortality rates, highlighting the unmet need for techniques capable of rapid and accurate point-of-care diagnostics, implemented in the earliest stages. This review focuses on the latest advances in the main neuropathophysiological responses and the achievements and shortfalls of TBI diagnostic methods. Validated and emerging TBI-indicative biomarkers are outlined and linked to ocular neuro-disorders. Methods detecting structural and chemical ocular responses to TBI are categorised along with prospective chemical and physical sensing techniques. Particular attention is drawn to the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive sensing of neurological molecular signatures in the ocular projections of the brain, laying the platform for the first tangible path towards alternative point-of-care diagnostic technologies for TBI.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnosis ; Brain ; Biomarkers ; Neurodegenerative Diseases
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1941-1189
ISSN (online)	1941-1189
DOI	10.1109/RBME.2022.3161352
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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