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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Inflammation and epilepsy

    Janigro, Damir / Nehlig, Astrid / Marchi, Nicola

    new vistas

    (Progress in Inflammation Research ; 88)

    2021  

    Abstract: This book provides comprehensive information, both for clinicians and scientists, on the basic mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches to epilepsy as an inflammatory disease. Inflammation has been for many years considered as an ... ...

    Author's details Damir Janigro, Astrid Nehlig, Nicola Marchi, editors
    Series title Progress in Inflammation Research ; 88
    Abstract This book provides comprehensive information, both for clinicians and scientists, on the basic mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches to epilepsy as an inflammatory disease. Inflammation has been for many years considered as an etiologic player (and a therapeutic target) for a specific group of epilepsies. However, it turns out that this concept underestimated the impact of inflammation in seizure disorders. Many accepted therapies for non-inflammatory epilepsies act in part as an inflammatory drug. The CNS actively responds to acute immune challenges by altering body temperature, stimulating the HPA axis, as well as up- and down-regulating specific sympathetic pathways.
    Keywords Epilepsy ; Inflamació ; Epilèpsia
    Subject code 616.853
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (VII, 237 p. 19 illus., 17 illus. in color.)
    Edition 1st ed. 2021.
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Cham, Switzerland
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 3-030-67403-7 ; 3-030-67402-9 ; 978-3-030-67403-8 ; 978-3-030-67402-1
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-67403-8
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Book: Mammalian brain development

    Janigro, Damir

    (Contemporary neuroscience)

    2009  

    Author's details Damir Janigro, ed
    Series title Contemporary neuroscience
    Language English
    Size XIV, 227 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Humana Press
    Publishing place New York u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT016105406
    ISBN 978-1-60761-286-5 ; 9781607612872 ; 1-60761-286-0 ; 1607612879
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2009 A 5236 order for loan Magazin

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  3. Book: The cell cycle in the central nervous system

    Janigro, Damir

    (Contemporary neuroscience)

    2006  

    Author's details ed. by Damir Janigro
    Series title Contemporary neuroscience
    Keywords Central Nervous System / growth & development ; Central Nervous System / physiopathology
    Language English
    Size XVI, 563 S. : graph. Darst.
    Publisher Humana Press
    Publishing place Totowa, NJ
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    Note Systemvoraussetzungen: Companion CD is compatible with both Mac and PC operating systems
    Accompanying material 1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
    HBZ-ID HT014581611
    ISBN 1-58829-529-X ; 978-1-58829-529-3
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  4. Article ; Online: The role of the blood-brain barrier during neurological disease and infection.

    Patabendige, Adjanie / Janigro, Damir

    Biochemical Society transactions

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 613–626

    Abstract: A healthy brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the endothelial cells that line brain capillaries. The BBB plays an extremely important role in supporting normal neuronal function by maintaining the homeostasis of the ... ...

    Abstract A healthy brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the endothelial cells that line brain capillaries. The BBB plays an extremely important role in supporting normal neuronal function by maintaining the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment and restricting pathogen and toxin entry to the brain. Dysfunction of this highly complex and regulated structure can be life threatening. BBB dysfunction is implicated in many neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and brain infections. Among other mechanisms, inflammation and/or flow disturbances are major causes of BBB dysfunction in neurological infections and diseases. In particular, in ischaemic stroke, both inflammation and flow disturbances contribute to BBB disruption, leading to devastating consequences. While a transient or minor disruption to the barrier function could be tolerated, chronic or a total breach of the barrier can result in irreversible brain damage. It is worth noting that timing and extent of BBB disruption play an important role in the process of any repair of brain damage and treatment strategies. This review evaluates and summarises some of the latest research on the role of the BBB during neurological disease and infection with a focus on the effects of inflammation and flow disturbances on the BBB. The BBB's crucial role in protecting the brain is also the bottleneck in central nervous system drug development. Therefore, innovative strategies to carry therapeutics across the BBB and novel models to screen drugs, and to study the complex, overlapping mechanisms of BBB disruption are urgently needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology ; Brain Ischemia ; Endothelial Cells ; Stroke ; Nervous System Diseases ; Inflammation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/BST20220830
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Tau in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

    Janigro, Damir

    JAMA neurology

    2018  Volume 75, Issue 3, Page(s) 381

    MeSH term(s) Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Research ; tau Proteins
    Chemical Substances tau Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2702023-X
    ISSN 2168-6157 ; 2168-6149
    ISSN (online) 2168-6157
    ISSN 2168-6149
    DOI 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4890
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Diagnostic biomarker kinetics: how brain-derived biomarkers distribute through the human body, and how this affects their diagnostic significance: the case of S100B.

    Murcko, Robert / Marchi, Nicola / Bailey, Damian / Janigro, Damir

    Fluids and barriers of the CNS

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 32

    Abstract: Blood biomarkers of neurological diseases are often employed to rule out or confirm the presence of significant intracranial or cerebrovascular pathology or for the differential diagnosis of conditions with similar presentations (e.g., hemorrhagic vs. ... ...

    Abstract Blood biomarkers of neurological diseases are often employed to rule out or confirm the presence of significant intracranial or cerebrovascular pathology or for the differential diagnosis of conditions with similar presentations (e.g., hemorrhagic vs. embolic stroke). More widespread utilization of biomarkers related to brain health is hampered by our incomplete understanding of the kinetic properties, release patterns, and excretion of molecules derived from the brain. This is, in particular, true for S100B, an astrocyte-derived protein released across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We developed an open-source pharmacokinetic computer model that allows investigations of biomarker's movement across the body, the sources of biomarker's release, and its elimination. This model was derived from a general in silico model of drug pharmacokinetics adapted for protein biomarkers. We improved the model's predictive value by adding realistic blood flow values, organ levels of S100B, lymphatic and glymphatic circulation, and glomerular filtration for excretion in urine. Three key variables control biomarker levels in blood or saliva: blood-brain barrier permeability, the S100B partition into peripheral organs, and the cellular levels of S100B in astrocytes. A small contribution to steady-state levels of glymphatic drainage was also observed; this mechanism also contributed to the uptake of organs of circulating S100B. This open-source model can also mimic the kinetic behavior of other markers, such as GFAP or NF-L. Our results show that S100B, after uptake by various organs from the systemic circulation, can be released back into systemic fluids at levels that do not significantly affect the clinical significance of venous blood or salivary levels after an episode of BBB disruption.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Brain/metabolism ; Human Body ; Humans ; Kinetics ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100B protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2595406-4
    ISSN 2045-8118 ; 2045-8118
    ISSN (online) 2045-8118
    ISSN 2045-8118
    DOI 10.1186/s12987-022-00329-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: In vitro

    Williams-Medina, Alberto / Deblock, Michael / Janigro, Damir

    Frontiers in medical technology

    2021  Volume 2, Page(s) 623950

    Abstract: Medical progress has historically depended on scientific discoveries. Until recently, science was driven by technological advancements that, once translated to the clinic, fostered new treatments and interventions. More recently, technology-driven ... ...

    Abstract Medical progress has historically depended on scientific discoveries. Until recently, science was driven by technological advancements that, once translated to the clinic, fostered new treatments and interventions. More recently, technology-driven medical progress has often outpaced laboratory research. For example, intravascular devices, pacemakers for the heart and brain, spinal cord stimulators, and surgical robots are used routinely to treat a variety of diseases. The rapid expansion of science into ever more advanced molecular and genetic mechanisms of disease has often distanced laboratory-based research from day-to-day clinical realities that remain based on evidence and outcomes. A recognized reason for this hiatus is the lack of laboratory tools that recapitulate the clinical reality faced by physicians and surgeons. To overcome this, the NIH and FDA have in the recent past joined forces to support the development of a "human-on-a-chip" that will allow research scientists to perform experiments on a realistic replica when testing the effectiveness of novel experimental therapies. The development of a "human-on-a-chip" rests on the capacity to grow
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2673-3129
    ISSN (online) 2673-3129
    DOI 10.3389/fmedt.2020.623950
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: GFAP and S100B: What You Always Wanted to Know and Never Dared to Ask.

    Janigro, Damir / Mondello, Stefania / Posti, Jussi P / Unden, Johan

    Frontiers in neurology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 835597

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue, with outcomes spanning from intracranial bleeding, debilitating sequelae, and invalidity with consequences for individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Early diagnosis of TBI by testing ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue, with outcomes spanning from intracranial bleeding, debilitating sequelae, and invalidity with consequences for individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Early diagnosis of TBI by testing peripheral fluids such as blood or saliva has been the focus of many research efforts, leading to FDA approval for a bench-top assay for blood GFAP and UCH-L1 and a plasma point-of-care test for GFAP. The biomarker S100B has been included in clinical guidelines for mTBI (mTBI) in Europe. Despite these successes, several unresolved issues have been recognized, including the robustness of prior data, the presence of biomarkers in tissues beyond the central nervous system, and the time course of biomarkers in peripheral body fluids. In this review article, we present some of these issues and provide a viewpoint derived from an analysis of existing literature. We focus on two astrocytic proteins, S100B and GFAP, the most commonly employed biomarkers used in mTBI. We also offer recommendations that may translate into a broader acceptance of these clinical tools.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2022.835597
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  9. Article ; Online: Are you in or out? Leukocyte, ion, and neurotransmitter permeability across the epileptic blood-brain barrier.

    Janigro, Damir

    Epilepsia

    2012  Volume 53 Suppl 1, Page(s) 26–34

    Abstract: The credo that epileptic seizures can be initiated only by "epileptic" neurons has been recently challenged. The recognition of key astrocytic-neuronal communication, and the close interaction and crosstalk between astrocytes and brain endothelial cells, ...

    Abstract The credo that epileptic seizures can be initiated only by "epileptic" neurons has been recently challenged. The recognition of key astrocytic-neuronal communication, and the close interaction and crosstalk between astrocytes and brain endothelial cells, has shifted attention to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the "neurovascular unit." Therefore, the pursuit of mechanisms of seizure generation and epileptogenesis now includes investigations of cerebral blood flow and permeability of cerebral microvessels. For example, leukocyte adhesion molecules at the BBB have been proposed to play a role as an initiating factor for pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, and a viral infection model with a strong BBB etiology has been used to study epileptogenesis. Finally, the fact that in nonepileptic subjects seizures can be triggered by BBB disruption, together with the antiseizure effects obtained by administration of potent antiinflammatory "BBB repair" drugs, has increased the interest in neuroinflammation; both circulating leukocytes and resident microglia have been studied in this context. The dual scope of this review is the following: (1) outline the proposed role of BBB damage and immune cell activation in seizure disorders; and (2) explain how increased cerebrovascular permeability causes neuronal misfiring. The temporal sequence linking seizures to peripheral inflammation and BBB dysfunction remains to be clarified. For example, it is still debated whether seizures cause systemic inflammation or vice versa. The topographic localization of fundamental triggers of epileptic seizures also remains controversial: Are immunologic mechanisms required for seizure generation brain-specific or is systemic activation of immunity sufficient to alter neuronal excitability? Finally, the causative role of "BBB leakage" remains a largely unresolved issue.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability/physiology ; Epilepsy/metabolism ; Epilepsy/pathology ; Humans ; Ions/metabolism ; Leukocytes/physiology ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism ; Nervous System Diseases/pathology ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Neuroglia/pathology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/pathology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology ; Splenectomy ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology
    Chemical Substances Ions ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Receptors, Muscarinic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 216382-2
    ISSN 1528-1167 ; 0013-9580
    ISSN (online) 1528-1167
    ISSN 0013-9580
    DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03472.x
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    Zs.A 517: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: The role and diagnostic significance of cellular barriers after concussive head trauma.

    Dadas, Aaron / Janigro, Damir

    Concussion (London, England)

    2018  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) CNC53

    Abstract: The onset of concussive head trauma often triggers an intricate sequence of physical consequences and pathophysiological responses. These sequelae can be acute (i.e., hematoma) or chronic (i.e., autoimmune response, neurodegeneration, etc.), and may ... ...

    Abstract The onset of concussive head trauma often triggers an intricate sequence of physical consequences and pathophysiological responses. These sequelae can be acute (i.e., hematoma) or chronic (i.e., autoimmune response, neurodegeneration, etc.), and may follow traumas of any severity. A critical factor for prognostication of postconcussion outcome is the pathophysiological response of cellular barriers, which can be measured by several biomarkers of the acute and chronic postinjury phases. We present herein a review on the postconcussion mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier, as well as the diagnostic/prognostic approaches that utilize differential biomarker expression across this boundary. We discuss the role of the blood-saliva cellular barrier as a regulatory filter for brain-derived biomarkers in blood, and its implications for saliva-based diagnostic assays.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2056-3299
    ISSN (online) 2056-3299
    DOI 10.2217/cnc-2017-0019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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