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Article ; Online: Anticytokine Autoantibodies in Infectious Diseases: A Practical Overview.

Arts, Rob J W / Janssen, Nico A F / van de Veerdonk, Frank L

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1

Abstract: Anticytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) are a fascinating group of antibodies that have gained more and more attention in the field of autoimmunity and secondary immunodeficiencies over the years. Some of these antibodies are characterized by their ability ... ...

Abstract	Anticytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) are a fascinating group of antibodies that have gained more and more attention in the field of autoimmunity and secondary immunodeficiencies over the years. Some of these antibodies are characterized by their ability to target and neutralize specific cytokines. ACAAs can play a role in the susceptibility to several infectious diseases, and their infectious manifestations depending on which specific immunological pathway is affected. In this review, we will give an outline per infection in which ACAAs might play a role and whether additional immunomodulatory treatment next to antimicrobial treatment can be considered. Finally, we describe the areas for future research on ACAAs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmunity ; Cytokines ; Immunomodulation ; Communicable Diseases
Chemical Substances	Autoantibodies ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25010515
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Article ; Online: Adipocytokine plasma concentrations reflect influence of inflammation but not body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A prospective observational study from the Netherlands.

de Nooijer, Aline H / Kooistra, Emma J / Grondman, Inge / Janssen, Nico A F / Joosten, Leo A B / van de Veerdonk, Frank L / Kox, Matthijs / Pickkers, Peter / Netea, Mihai G

Clinical obesity

2022 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) e12568

Abstract: Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ by secreting multiple pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ... ...

Abstract	Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ by secreting multiple pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, known as adipocytokines, which could be involved in COVID-19 severity. We explored the role of adipocytokines in COVID-19 and its association with BMI, clinical outcome, and inflammation. This is an observational study in 195 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Serial plasma concentrations of the adipocytokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and various inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Adipocytokines were compared between patients with normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adipokines ; Leptin ; Resistin ; Adiponectin ; Body Mass Index ; Overweight ; Netherlands ; COVID-19 ; Obesity ; Inflammation
Chemical Substances	Adipokines ; Leptin ; Resistin ; Adiponectin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625816-X
ISSN	1758-8111 ; 1758-8103
ISSN (online)	1758-8111
ISSN	1758-8103
DOI	10.1111/cob.12568
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Zs.A 6918: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Increased sTREM-1 plasma concentrations are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

de Nooijer, Aline H / Grondman, Inge / Lambden, Simon / Kooistra, Emma J / Janssen, Nico A F / Kox, Matthijs / Pickkers, Peter / Joosten, Leo A B / van de Veerdonk, Frank L / Derive, Marc / Gibot, Sebastien / Netea, Mihai G

Bioscience reports

2021 Volume 41, Issue 7

Abstract: Patients with sepsis display increased concentrations of sTREM-1 (soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1), and a phase II clinical trial focusing on TREM-1 modulation is ongoing. We investigated whether sTREM-1 circulating ... ...

Abstract	Patients with sepsis display increased concentrations of sTREM-1 (soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1), and a phase II clinical trial focusing on TREM-1 modulation is ongoing. We investigated whether sTREM-1 circulating concentrations are associated with the outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to assess the role of this pathway in COVID-19. This observational study was performed in two independent cohorts of patients with COVID-19. Plasma concentrations of sTREM-1 were assessed after ICU admission (pilot cohort) or after COVID-19 diagnosis (validation cohort). Routine laboratory and clinical parameters were collected from electronic patient files. Results showed sTREM-1 plasma concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with COVID-19 (161 [129-196] pg/ml) compared to healthy controls (104 [75-124] pg/ml; P<0.001). Patients with severe COVID-19 needing ICU admission displayed even higher sTREM-1 concentrations compared to less severely ill COVID-19 patients receiving clinical ward-based care (235 [176-319] pg/ml and 195 [139-283] pg/ml, respectively, P = 0.017). In addition, higher sTREM-1 plasma concentrations were observed in patients who did not survive the infection (326 [207-445] pg/ml) compared to survivors (199 [142-278] pg/ml, P<0.001). Survival analyses indicated that patients with higher sTREM-1 concentrations are at higher risk for death (hazard ratio = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.4-7.8). In conclusion, plasma sTREM-1 concentrations are elevated in patients with COVID-19, relate to disease severity, and discriminate between survivors and non-survivors. This suggests that the TREM-1 pathway is involved in the inflammatory reaction and the disease course of COVID-19, and therefore may be considered as a therapeutic target in severely ill patients with COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/virology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Analysis ; Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1/blood
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; TREM1 protein, human ; Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	764946-0
ISSN	1573-4935 ; 0144-8463
ISSN (online)	1573-4935
ISSN	0144-8463
DOI	10.1042/BSR20210940
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Zs.A 1676: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A higher BMI is not associated with a different immune response and disease course in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Kooistra, Emma J / de Nooijer, Aline H / Claassen, Wout J / Grondman, Inge / Janssen, Nico A F / Netea, Mihai G / van de Veerdonk, Frank L / van der Hoeven, Johannes G / Kox, Matthijs / Pickkers, Peter

International journal of obesity (2005)

2021 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 687–694

Abstract: Background/objectives: Obesity appears to be an independent risk factor for ICU admission and a severe disease course in COVID-19 patients. An aberrant inflammatory response and impaired respiratory function have been suggested as underlying mechanisms. ...

Abstract	Background/objectives: Obesity appears to be an independent risk factor for ICU admission and a severe disease course in COVID-19 patients. An aberrant inflammatory response and impaired respiratory function have been suggested as underlying mechanisms. We investigated whether obesity is associated with differences in inflammatory, respiratory, and clinical outcome parameters in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Subjects/methods: Sixty-seven COVID-19 ICU patients were divided into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m Results: BMI was 32.6 [31.2-34.5] and 26.0 [24.4-27.7] kg/m Conclusions: In COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU, a higher BMI is not related to a different immunological response, unfavorable respiratory mechanics, or impaired outcome.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Body Mass Index ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Critical Illness ; Cytokines/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Prospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752409-2
ISSN	1476-5497 ; 0307-0565
ISSN (online)	1476-5497
ISSN	0307-0565
DOI	10.1038/s41366-021-00747-z
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Zs.A 1325: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Few bacterial co-infections but frequent empiric antibiotic use in the early phase of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from a multicentre retrospective cohort study in The Netherlands.

Karami, Zara / Knoop, Bram T / Dofferhoff, Anton S M / Blaauw, Marc J T / Janssen, Nico A / van Apeldoorn, Marjan / Kerckhoffs, Angèle P M / van de Maat, Josephine S / Hoogerwerf, Jacobien J / Ten Oever, Jaap

Infectious diseases (London, England)

2020 Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 102–110

Abstract: Background: Knowledge on bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 is crucial to use antibiotics appropriately. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of bacterial co-infections, antibiotic use and application of antimicrobial stewardship principles ... ...

Abstract	Background: Knowledge on bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 is crucial to use antibiotics appropriately. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of bacterial co-infections, antibiotic use and application of antimicrobial stewardship principles in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study in four hospitals (1 university, 2 non-university teaching, 1 non-teaching hospital) in the Netherlands from March to May 2020 including consecutive patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Data on first microbiological investigations obtained at the discretion of the physician and antibiotic use in the first week of hospital admission were collected. Results: Twelve (1.2%) of the 925 patients included had a documented bacterial co-infection (75.0% pneumonia) within the first week. Microbiological testing was performed in 749 (81%) patients: sputum cultures in 105 (11.4%), blood cultures in 711 (76.9%), pneumococcal urinary antigen testing in 202 (21.8%), and Conclusions: On presentation to the hospital bacterial co-infections are rare, while empiric antibiotic use is abundant. This implies that in patients with COVID-19 empiric antibiotic should be withheld. This has the potential to dramatically reduce the current overuse of antibiotics in the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Blood Culture ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Coinfection ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Prescription Drug Overuse/prevention & control ; Prescription Drug Overuse/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2839775-7
ISSN	2374-4243 ; 2374-4235
ISSN (online)	2374-4243
ISSN	2374-4235
DOI	10.1080/23744235.2020.1839672
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Article ; Online: Complement Activation in the Disease Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Effects on Clinical Outcomes.

de Nooijer, Aline H / Grondman, Inge / Janssen, Nico A F / Netea, Mihai G / Willems, Loek / van de Veerdonk, Frank L / Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J / Toonen, Erik J M / Joosten, Leo A B

The Journal of infectious diseases

2020 Volume 223, Issue 2, Page(s) 214–224

Abstract: Background: Excessive activation of immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered to be related to disease severity, complications, and mortality rate. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity and can ... ...

Abstract	Background: Excessive activation of immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered to be related to disease severity, complications, and mortality rate. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity and can stimulate inflammation, but its role in COVID-19 is unknown. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, single center study was performed in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Plasma concentrations of complement factors C3a, C3c, and terminal complement complex (TCC) were assessed at baseline and during hospital admission. In parallel, routine laboratory and clinical parameters were collected from medical files and analyzed. Results: Complement factors C3a, C3c, and TCC were significantly increased in plasma of patients with COVID-19 compared with healthy controls (P < .05). These complement factors were especially elevated in intensive care unit patients during the entire disease course (P < .005 for C3a and TCC). More intense complement activation was observed in patients who died and in those with thromboembolic events. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 demonstrate activation of the complement system, which is related to disease severity. This pathway may be involved in the dysregulated proinflammatory response associated with increased mortality rate and thromboembolic complications. Components of the complement system might have potential as prognostic markers for disease severity and as therapeutic targets in COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Complement Activation/immunology ; Complement C3c/immunology ; Cytokines/blood ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation/immunology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Severity of Illness Index
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Complement C3c (80295-44-9)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiaa646
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Uh II Zs.50: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 445: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Anakinra treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective cohort study.

Kooistra, Emma J / Waalders, Nicole J B / Grondman, Inge / Janssen, Nico A F / de Nooijer, Aline H / Netea, Mihai G / van de Veerdonk, Frank L / Ewalds, Esther / van der Hoeven, Johannes G / Kox, Matthijs / Pickkers, Peter

Critical care (London, England)

2020 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 688

Abstract: Background: A subset of critically ill COVID-19 patients develop a hyperinflammatory state. Anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, is known to be effective in several hyperinflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of ... ...

Abstract	Background: A subset of critically ill COVID-19 patients develop a hyperinflammatory state. Anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, is known to be effective in several hyperinflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of anakinra on inflammatory parameters and clinical outcomes in critically ill, mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with clinical features of hyperinflammation. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 21 critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with anakinra were compared to a group of standard care. Serial data of clinical inflammatory parameters and concentrations of multiple circulating cytokines were determined and aligned on start day of anakinra in the treatment group, and median start day of anakinra in the control group. Analysis was performed for day - 10 to + 10 relative to alignment day. Clinical outcomes were analyzed during 28 days. Additionally, three sensitivity analyses were performed: (1) using propensity score-matched groups, (2) selecting patients who did not receive corticosteroids, and (3) using a subset of the control group aimed to match the criteria (fever, elevated ferritin) for starting anakinra treatment. Results: Baseline patient characteristics and clinical parameters on ICU admission were similar between groups. As a consequence of bias by indication, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) (p = 0.0002), ferritin (p = 0.009), and temperature (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the anakinra group on alignment day. Following treatment, no relevant differences in kinetics of circulating cytokines were observed between both groups. Decreases of clinical parameters, including temperature (p = 0.03), white blood cell counts (p = 0.02), and plasma levels of ferritin (p = 0.003), procalcitonin (p = 0.001), creatinine (p = 0.01), and bilirubin (p = 0.007), were more pronounced in the anakinra group. No differences in duration of mechanical ventilation or ICU length of stay were observed between groups. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. Conclusions: Anakinra is effective in reducing clinical signs of hyperinflammation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to draw conclusion about the effects of anakinra on clinical outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; Cohort Studies ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/adverse effects ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/pharmacology ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/therapeutic use ; Statistics, Nonparametric
Chemical Substances	Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Receptors, Interleukin-1
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041406-7
ISSN	1466-609X ; 1364-8535
ISSN (online)	1466-609X
ISSN	1364-8535
DOI	10.1186/s13054-020-03364-w
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Zs.A 5517: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A "body armor" of leukemia cutis.

Janssen, Nico A F / Hebeda, Konnie M / Stevens, Wendy B C / van der Velden, Walter J F M

American journal of hematology

2015 Volume 90, Issue 8, Page(s) 751

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cell Movement ; Daunorubicin/therapeutic use ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Idarubicin/therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction ; Sarcoma, Myeloid/complications ; Sarcoma, Myeloid/pathology ; Sarcoma, Myeloid/therapy ; Skin/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/complications ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy ; Transplantation, Homologous
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Idarubicin (ZRP63D75JW) ; Daunorubicin (ZS7284E0ZP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196767-8
ISSN	1096-8652 ; 0361-8609
ISSN (online)	1096-8652
ISSN	0361-8609
DOI	10.1002/ajh.23948
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Article ; Online: Incidence, risk factors and pre-emptive screening for COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis in an era of immunomodulant therapy.

Journal of critical care

2023 Volume 76, Page(s) 154272

Abstract: Purpose: COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in ICU patients. We investigated the incidence of, risk factors for and potential benefit of a pre-emptive screening strategy for CAPA in ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in ICU patients. We investigated the incidence of, risk factors for and potential benefit of a pre-emptive screening strategy for CAPA in ICUs in the Netherlands/Belgium during immunosuppressive COVID-19 treatment. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational, multicentre study was performed from September 2020-April 2021 including patients admitted to the ICU who had undergone diagnostics for CAPA. Patients were classified based on 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria. Results: CAPA was diagnosed in 295/1977 (14.9%) patients. Corticosteroids were administered to 97.1% of patients and interleukin-6 inhibitors (anti-IL-6) to 23.5%. EORTC/MSGERC host factors or treatment with anti-IL-6 with or without corticosteroids were not risk factors for CAPA. Ninety-day mortality was 65.3% (145/222) in patients with CAPA compared to 53.7% (176/328) without CAPA (p = 0.008). Median time from ICU admission to CAPA diagnosis was 12 days. Pre-emptive screening for CAPA was not associated with earlier diagnosis or reduced mortality compared to a reactive diagnostic strategy. Conclusions: CAPA is an indicator of a protracted course of a COVID-19 infection. No benefit of pre-emptive screening was observed, but prospective studies comparing pre-defined strategies would be required to confirm this observation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Incidence ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632818-0
ISSN	1557-8615 ; 0883-9441
ISSN (online)	1557-8615
ISSN	0883-9441
DOI	10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154272
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Zs.A 2152: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The Association of TSH and Thyroid Hormones With Lymphopenia in Bacterial Sepsis and COVID-19.

Grondman, Inge / de Nooijer, Aline H / Antonakos, Nikolaos / Janssen, Nico A F / Mouktaroudi, Maria / Leventogiannis, Konstantinos / Medici, Marco / Smit, Jan W A / van Herwaarden, Antonius E / Joosten, Leo A B / van de Veerdonk, Frank L / Pickkers, Peter / Kox, Matthijs / Jaeger, Martin / Netea, Mihai G / Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J / Netea-Maier, Romana T

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2021 Volume 106, Issue 7, Page(s) 1994–2009

Abstract: Context: Lymphopenia is a key feature of immune dysfunction in patients with bacterial sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the cause is largely unknown. Severely ill patients may present with ...

Abstract	Context: Lymphopenia is a key feature of immune dysfunction in patients with bacterial sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the cause is largely unknown. Severely ill patients may present with thyroid function abnormalities, so-called nonthyroidal illness syndrome, and several studies have linked thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) to homeostatic regulation and function of lymphocyte populations. Objective: This work aimed to test the hypothesis that abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections. Methods: A retrospective analysis of absolute lymphocyte counts, circulating TSH, T4, free T4 (FT4), T3, albumin, and inflammatory biomarkers was performed in 2 independent hospitalized study populations: bacterial sepsis (n = 224) and COVID-19 patients (n = 161). A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with severe lymphopenia and normal lymphocyte counts. Results: Only T3 significantly correlated (ρ = 0.252) with lymphocyte counts in patients with bacterial sepsis, and lower concentrations were found in severe lymphopenic compared to nonlymphopenic patients (n = 56 per group). Severe lymphopenic COVID-19 patients (n = 17) showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of TSH, T4, FT4, and T3 compared to patients without lymphopenia (n = 18), and demonstrated significantly increased values of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and ferritin. Remarkably, after 1 week of follow-up, the majority (12 of 15) of COVID-19 patients showed quantitative recovery of their lymphocyte numbers, whereas TSH and thyroid hormones remained mainly disturbed. Conclusion: Abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections, like bacterial sepsis and COVID-19, but future studies need to establish whether a causal relationship is involved.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/immunology ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes/blood ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes/diagnosis ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes/immunology ; Female ; Greece ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphopenia/blood ; Lymphopenia/diagnosis ; Lymphopenia/immunology ; Male ; Netherlands ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Sepsis/blood ; Sepsis/complications ; Sepsis/immunology ; Thyroid Hormones/blood ; Thyroid Hormones/immunology ; Thyrotropin/blood ; Thyrotropin/immunology
Chemical Substances	Thyroid Hormones ; Thyrotropin (9002-71-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgab148
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