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  1. Article ; Online: Atomic-force-microscopy-based time-domain two-dimensional infrared nanospectroscopy.

    Xie, Qing / Zhang, Yu / Janzen, Eli / Edgar, James H / Xu, Xiaoji G

    Nature nanotechnology

    2024  

    Abstract: For decades, infrared (IR) spectroscopy has advanced on two distinct frontiers: enhancing spatial resolution and broadening spectroscopic information. Although atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based IR microscopy overcomes Abbe's diffraction limit and ... ...

    Abstract For decades, infrared (IR) spectroscopy has advanced on two distinct frontiers: enhancing spatial resolution and broadening spectroscopic information. Although atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based IR microscopy overcomes Abbe's diffraction limit and reaches sub-10 nm spatial resolutions, time-domain two-dimensional IR spectroscopy (2DIR) provides insights into molecular structures, mode coupling and energy transfers. Here we bridge the boundary between these two techniques and develop AFM-2DIR nanospectroscopy. Our method offers the spatial precision of AFM in combination with the rich spectroscopic information provided by 2DIR. This approach mechanically detects the sample's photothermal responses to a tip-enhanced femtosecond IR pulse sequence and extracts spatially resolved spectroscopic information via FFTs. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we elucidate the anharmonicity of a carbonyl vibrational mode. Further, leveraging the near-field photons' high momenta from the tip enhancement for phase matching, we photothermally probe hyperbolic phonon polaritons in isotope-enriched h
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2254964-X
    ISSN 1748-3395 ; 1748-3387
    ISSN (online) 1748-3395
    ISSN 1748-3387
    DOI 10.1038/s41565-024-01670-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Isotope engineering for spin defects in van der Waals materials.

    Gong, Ruotian / Du, Xinyi / Janzen, Eli / Liu, Vincent / Liu, Zhongyuan / He, Guanghui / Ye, Bingtian / Li, Tongcang / Yao, Norman Y / Edgar, James H / Henriksen, Erik A / Zu, Chong

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 104

    Abstract: Spin defects in van der Waals materials offer a promising platform for advancing quantum technologies. Here, we propose and demonstrate a powerful technique based on isotope engineering of host materials to significantly enhance the coherence properties ... ...

    Abstract Spin defects in van der Waals materials offer a promising platform for advancing quantum technologies. Here, we propose and demonstrate a powerful technique based on isotope engineering of host materials to significantly enhance the coherence properties of embedded spin defects. Focusing on the recently-discovered negatively charged boron vacancy center ([Formula: see text]) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we grow isotopically purified h
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-44494-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal beating and vortices of van der Waals hyperbolic polaritons.

    Zhang, Tianning / Yan, Qizhi / Yang, Xiaosheng / Ma, Weiliang / Chen, Runkun / Zhang, Xin / Janzen, Eli / Edgar, James H / Qiu, Cheng-Wei / Zhang, Xinliang / Li, Peining

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2024  Volume 121, Issue 12, Page(s) e2319465121

    Abstract: In conventional thin materials, the diffraction limit of light constrains the number of waveguide modes that can exist at a given frequency. However, layered van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), can surpass this ... ...

    Abstract In conventional thin materials, the diffraction limit of light constrains the number of waveguide modes that can exist at a given frequency. However, layered van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), can surpass this limitation due to their dielectric anisotropy, exhibiting positive permittivity along one optic axis and negativity along the other. This enables the propagation of hyperbolic rays within the material bulk and an unlimited number of subdiffractional modes characterized by hyperbolic dispersion. By employing time-domain near-field interferometry to analyze ultrafast hyperbolic ray pulses in thin hBN, we showed that their zigzag reflection trajectories bound within the hBN layer create an illusion of backward-moving and leaping behavior of pulse fringes. These rays result from the coherent beating of hyperbolic waveguide modes but could be mistakenly interpreted as negative group velocities and backward energy flow. Moreover, the zigzag reflections produce nanoscale (60 nm) and ultrafast (40 fs) spatiotemporal optical vortices along the trajectory, presenting opportunities to chiral spatiotemporal control of light-matter interactions. Supported by experimental evidence, our simulations highlight the potential of hyperbolic ray reflections for molecular vibrational absorption nanospectroscopy. The results pave the way for miniaturized, on-chip optical spectrometers, and ultrafast optical manipulation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2319465121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Amplitude- and Phase-Resolved Infrared Nanoimaging and Nanospectroscopy of Polaritons in a Liquid Environment.

    Virmani, Divya / Bylinkin, Andrei / Dolado, Irene / Janzen, Eli / Edgar, James H / Hillenbrand, Rainer

    Nano letters

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 1360–1367

    Abstract: Polaritons allow for strong light-matter coupling and for highly sensitive analysis of (bio)chemical substances and processes. Nanoimaging of the polaritons' evanescent fields is critically important for experimental mode identification and field ... ...

    Abstract Polaritons allow for strong light-matter coupling and for highly sensitive analysis of (bio)chemical substances and processes. Nanoimaging of the polaritons' evanescent fields is critically important for experimental mode identification and field confinement studies. Here we describe two setups for polariton nanoimaging and spectroscopy in liquid. We first demonstrate the mapping of localized plasmon polaritons in metal antennas with a transflection infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM), where the tip acts as a near-field scattering probe. We then demonstrate a total internal reflection (TIR)-based setup, where the tip is both launching and probing ultraconfined polaritons in van der Waals materials (here phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride flakes), laying the foundation for s-SNOM-based polariton interferometry in liquid. Our results promise manifold applications, for example, in situ studies of strong coupling between polaritons and molecular vibrations or chemical reactions at the bare or functionalized surfaces of polaritonic materials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04108
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: High-quality nanocavities through multimodal confinement of hyperbolic polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride.

    Herzig Sheinfux, Hanan / Orsini, Lorenzo / Jung, Minwoo / Torre, Iacopo / Ceccanti, Matteo / Marconi, Simone / Maniyara, Rinu / Barcons Ruiz, David / Hötger, Alexander / Bertini, Ricardo / Castilla, Sebastián / Hesp, Niels C H / Janzen, Eli / Holleitner, Alexander / Pruneri, Valerio / Edgar, James H / Shvets, Gennady / Koppens, Frank H L

    Nature materials

    2024  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 499–505

    Abstract: Compressing light into nanocavities substantially enhances light-matter interactions, which has been a major driver for nanostructured materials research. However, extreme confinement generally comes at the cost of absorption and low resonator quality ... ...

    Abstract Compressing light into nanocavities substantially enhances light-matter interactions, which has been a major driver for nanostructured materials research. However, extreme confinement generally comes at the cost of absorption and low resonator quality factors. Here we suggest an alternative optical multimodal confinement mechanism, unlocking the potential of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride. We produce deep-subwavelength cavities and demonstrate several orders of magnitude improvement in confinement, with estimated Purcell factors exceeding 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2088679-2
    ISSN 1476-4660 ; 1476-1122
    ISSN (online) 1476-4660
    ISSN 1476-1122
    DOI 10.1038/s41563-023-01785-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Tunable Phonon Polariton Hybridization in a van der Waals Hetero-Bicrystal.

    Wehmeier, Lukas / Yu, Shang-Jie / Chen, Xinzhong / Mayer, Rafael A / Xiong, Langlang / Yao, Helen / Jiang, Yue / Hu, Jenny / Janzen, Eli / Edgar, James H / Zheng, Xiaolin / Heinz, Tony F / Basov, D N / Homes, Christopher C / Hu, Guangwei / Carr, G Lawrence / Liu, Mengkun / Fan, Jonathan A

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2024  , Page(s) e2401349

    Abstract: Phonon polaritons, the hybrid quasiparticles resulting from the coupling of photons and lattice vibrations, have gained significant attention in the field of layered van der Waals heterostructures. Particular interest has been paid to hetero-bicrystals ... ...

    Abstract Phonon polaritons, the hybrid quasiparticles resulting from the coupling of photons and lattice vibrations, have gained significant attention in the field of layered van der Waals heterostructures. Particular interest has been paid to hetero-bicrystals composed of molybdenum oxide (MoO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.202401349
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  7. Book ; Online: Control of the phonon band gap with isotopes in hexagonal boron nitride

    Zeiger, Paul / Hachtel, Jordan / Legut, Dominik / Janzen, Eli / Barthel, Juri / Edgar, James H. / Allen, Leslie J. / Rusz, Ján

    2023  

    Abstract: The isotopic mass of constituent elements of materials has a well-known effect on the energy of vibrational modes. By means of monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy we have experimentally studied the phonon bandstructure of hexagonal BN, ...

    Abstract The isotopic mass of constituent elements of materials has a well-known effect on the energy of vibrational modes. By means of monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy we have experimentally studied the phonon bandstructure of hexagonal BN, where a phonon band gap appears between in-plane optical phonon modes and the lower energy part of the phonon spectrum. The size of the phonon band gap can be manipulated by the isotopic mass of the boron. While in $^{11}$BN the phonon band gap is about 7 meV wide, in $^{10}$BN the gap nearly closes, being an order of magnitude smaller (below 0.5 meV). This opens exciting options for manipulating terahertz wave propagation through isotopically structured devices having otherwise no interfaces between chemically distinct components.

    Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science
    Publishing date 2023-02-26
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Anomalous isotope effect on mechanical properties of single atomic layer Boron Nitride.

    Falin, Alexey / Lv, Haifeng / Janzen, Eli / Edgar, James H / Zhang, Rui / Qian, Dong / Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn / Cai, Qiran / Gan, Wei / Wu, Xiaojun / Santos, Elton J G / Li, Lu Hua

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5331

    Abstract: The ideal mechanical properties and behaviors of materials without the influence of defects are of great fundamental and engineering significance but considered inaccessible. Here, we use single-atom-thin isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) ... ...

    Abstract The ideal mechanical properties and behaviors of materials without the influence of defects are of great fundamental and engineering significance but considered inaccessible. Here, we use single-atom-thin isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to demonstrate that two-dimensional (2D) materials offer us close-to ideal experimental platforms to study intrinsic mechanical phenomena. The highly delicate isotope effect on the mechanical properties of monolayer hBN is directly measured by indentation: lighter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-41148-2
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  9. Article ; Online: Polariton design and modulation via van der Waals/doped semiconductor heterostructures.

    He, Mingze / Matson, Joseph R / Yu, Mingyu / Cleri, Angela / Sunku, Sai S / Janzen, Eli / Mastel, Stefan / Folland, Thomas G / Edgar, James H / Basov, D N / Maria, Jon-Paul / Law, Stephanie / Caldwell, Joshua D

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7965

    Abstract: Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) can be supported in materials where the real parts of their permittivities along different directions are opposite in sign. HPhPs offer confinements of long-wavelength light to deeply subdiffractional scales, while ... ...

    Abstract Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) can be supported in materials where the real parts of their permittivities along different directions are opposite in sign. HPhPs offer confinements of long-wavelength light to deeply subdiffractional scales, while the evanescent field allows for interactions with substrates, enabling the tuning of HPhPs by altering the underlying materials. Yet, conventionally used noble metal and dielectric substrates restrict the tunability of this approach. To overcome this challenge, here we show that doped semiconductor substrates, e.g., InAs and CdO, enable a significant tuning effect and dynamic modulations. We elucidated HPhP tuning with the InAs plasma frequency in the near-field, with a maximum difference of 8.3 times. Moreover, the system can be dynamically modulated by photo-injecting carriers into the InAs substrate, leading to a wavevector change of ~20%. Overall, the demonstrated hBN/doped semiconductor platform offers significant improvements towards manipulating HPhPs, and potential for engineered and modulated polaritonic systems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-43414-9
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  10. Article ; Online: Probing Mid-Infrared Phonon Polaritons in the Aqueous Phase.

    Wang, Haomin / Janzen, Eli / Wang, Le / Edgar, James H / Xu, Xiaoji G

    Nano letters

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 5, Page(s) 3986–3991

    Abstract: Phonon polaritons (PhPs) are collective phonon oscillations with hybridized electromagnetic fields, which concentrate mid-infrared optical fields that can match molecular vibrations. The utilization of PhPs holds the promise for chemical sensing tools ... ...

    Abstract Phonon polaritons (PhPs) are collective phonon oscillations with hybridized electromagnetic fields, which concentrate mid-infrared optical fields that can match molecular vibrations. The utilization of PhPs holds the promise for chemical sensing tools and polariton-enhanced nanospectroscopy. However, investigations and innovations on PhPs in the aqueous phase remain stagnant because of the lack of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01199
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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