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Article ; Online: Global migration: Moral, political and mental health challenges.

Jarvis, G Eric / Kirmayer, Laurence J

2023 Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–12

Abstract: Global migration is expected to continue to increase as climate change, conflict and economic disparities continue to challenge peoples' lives. The political response to migration is a social determinant of mental health. Despite the potential benefits ... ...

Abstract	Global migration is expected to continue to increase as climate change, conflict and economic disparities continue to challenge peoples' lives. The political response to migration is a social determinant of mental health. Despite the potential benefits of migration, many migrants and refugees face significant challenges after they resettle. The papers collected in this thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry explore the experience of migration and highlight some of the challenges that governments and healthcare services need to address to facilitate the social integration and mental health of migrants. Clinicians need training and resources to work effectively with migrants, focusing on their resilience and on long-term adaptive processes. Efforts to counter the systemic discrimination and structural violence that migrants often face need to be broad-based, unified, and persistent to make meaningful change. When migrants are free to realize their talents and aspirations, they can help build local communities and societies that value diversity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Health ; Transients and Migrants ; Refugees/psychology ; Morals ; Ethnopsychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1378978-8
ISSN	1461-7471 ; 1363-4615
ISSN (online)	1461-7471
ISSN	1363-4615
DOI	10.1177/13634615231162282
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Article ; Online: Culturally Responsive Services as a Path to Equity in Mental Healthcare.

Kirmayer, Laurence J / Jarvis, G Eric

HealthcarePapers

2019 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 11–23

Abstract: Indigenous peoples, immigrants and refugees and racialized groups, as well as some long-established ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious communities, experience inequities in mental health in Canadian society. These inequities result from social ... ...

Abstract	Indigenous peoples, immigrants and refugees and racialized groups, as well as some long-established ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious communities, experience inequities in mental health in Canadian society. These inequities result from social structural determinants of health that are embedded in the cultural knowledge, values and attitudes of the specific group as well as those of the larger society. Culture shapes the experience and expression of mental health problems, modes of coping, pathways to care and the effectiveness of treatment and prevention, as well as the processes of resilience and recovery. Systematic attention to culture in the provision of mental health services can improve access, utilization and health outcomes. We review models to address diversity in mental healthcare and identify key areas in which we believe policy innovation is urgently needed: 1. Cultural competence, safety and anti-racism training and accreditation standards for practitioners and for healthcare education, service systems and institutions; 2. National regulations and quality assurance standards to ensure use of language interpreters; 3. Development of a cadre of culture brokers to improve clinical communication; and 4. Integration of attention to culture in service systems design, as well as clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Canada/epidemiology ; Cultural Competency ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Health Equity ; Health Personnel/education ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Indigenous Peoples ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Health Services/standards ; Quality of Health Care/standards ; Refugees ; Social Determinants of Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-22
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2141700-3
ISSN	1929-6339 ; 1488-917X
ISSN (online)	1929-6339
ISSN	1488-917X
DOI	10.12927/hcpap.2019.25925
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Article ; Online: Gender-based violence among refugee women referred to a Cultural Consultation Service in Montreal.

Mezzatesta Gava, Marcela / Miquel, Laia / Jarvis, G Eric

Transcultural psychiatry

2021 Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) 202–213

Abstract: Gender-based violence (GBV) among female refugees/asylum seekers is a major underreported/understudied psychosocial issue. The aims of this study were: to describe the proportion of GBV-related experiences among female refugees/asylum seekers referred to ...

Abstract	Gender-based violence (GBV) among female refugees/asylum seekers is a major underreported/understudied psychosocial issue. The aims of this study were: to describe the proportion of GBV-related experiences among female refugees/asylum seekers referred to a Cultural Consultation Service (CCS) in Montreal; to describe their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; and to compare these characteristics among women who make GBV their principal refugee claim (Group A), those who did not but had suffered GBV (Group B1), and those who had never reported GBV (Group B2). Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables and GBV were gathered by chart review. Data were analyzed using chi-square for categorical and ANOVA for continuous comparisons. A total of 91 female refugees/asylum seekers were evaluated from 2000 to 2013; 80% (73/91) having reported GBV, with 38.5% (35/91) using GBV as the principal reason for seeking asylum in Canada (Group A), mainly due to intimate partner violence (IPV). Fully 66.6% (38/56) of women who sought asylum for reasons other than GBV reported having experienced GBV (Group B1). When compared to the other groups, Group A women exhibited a number of statistically significant differences: they tended to migrate alone (
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Gender-Based Violence/psychology ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Male ; Referral and Consultation ; Refugees/psychology ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1378978-8
ISSN	1461-7471 ; 1363-4615
ISSN (online)	1461-7471
ISSN	1363-4615
DOI	10.1177/13634615211043767
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Article ; Online: Refugee mental health and human rights: A challenge for global mental health.

Kronick, Rachel / Jarvis, G Eric / Kirmayer, Laurence J

Transcultural psychiatry

2021 Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 147–156

Abstract: This article introduces a thematic issue ... ...

Abstract	This article introduces a thematic issue of
MeSH term(s)	Human Rights ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Refugees ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1378978-8
ISSN	1461-7471 ; 1363-4615
ISSN (online)	1461-7471
ISSN	1363-4615
DOI	10.1177/13634615211002690
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Article ; Online: Documenting language barriers in a general hospital psychiatry setting.

Arpin-Gemme, Krystel / Noah Gelgoot, Eden / Miklavcic, Alessandra / Jarvis, G Eric

Transcultural psychiatry

2023 Volume 60, Issue 4, Page(s) 675–689

Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated that without the use of professional interpreters, language barriers interfere with patient care. The literature recommends documenting the presence of language barriers in medical charts. To our knowledge, this mixed ... ...

Abstract	Previous research has demonstrated that without the use of professional interpreters, language barriers interfere with patient care. The literature recommends documenting the presence of language barriers in medical charts. To our knowledge, this mixed methods study is the first to examine language documentation practices in a Canadian inpatient psychiatry setting. The research team interviewed 122 patients admitted to a tertiary care psychiatry ward in Montreal, Canada between 2016-2017 to assess their ability to communicate in the healthcare establishment's languages (English/French). Nineteen participants identified as having a language barrier were selected for a qualitative analysis of the retrospective audit of their medical charts. The presence of a language barrier was reflected in 68% of these charts. When a language barrier was documented, professional interpreters were never used. Our qualitative analysis, informed by literature on medical discourse, aimed to provide clinical, administrative, and organizational recommendations to optimize the utilization of interpreting services in psychiatric wards. Documentation of language data was inconsistently collected, often vague, and shed light on the clinical challenges involved in differentiating language barriers from psychopathology. Normalization of limited care for language diverse patients was reflected in the clinical notes. Findings show that a change of organizational culture is imperative to provide optimal care to language diverse patients. We recommend clinician education and standardization of documentation practices, along with institutional policies supporting the systematic use of professional interpreters in mental healthcare settings, to maximize human rights and patient safety, and to bring medical practices to an acceptable standard of care.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Canada ; Communication Barriers ; Psychiatry ; Translating
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1378978-8
ISSN	1461-7471 ; 1363-4615
ISSN (online)	1461-7471
ISSN	1363-4615
DOI	10.1177/13634615231163993
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Article ; Online: The Importance of Religion and Spirituality in Cultural Psychiatry: Reply to Drs Persad and Oyewumi.

Kirmayer, Laurence J / Andermann, Lisa / Fung, Kenneth / Guzder, Jaswant / Jarvis, G Eric

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie

2022 Volume 67, Issue 8, Page(s) 661

MeSH term(s)	Ethnopsychology ; Humans ; Religion ; Religion and Psychology ; Spirituality
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	304227-3
ISSN	1497-0015 ; 0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
ISSN (online)	1497-0015
ISSN	0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
DOI	10.1177/07067437221087939
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Article ; Online: The Burden of Psychosis in Black Communities in Canada: More than a Feeling, a Black Family Experience.

Cénat, Jude Mary / Lashley, Myrna / Jarvis, G Eric / Williams, Monnica T / Bernheim, Emmanuelle / Derivois, Daniel / Rousseau, Cécile

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie

2023 Volume 69, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–12

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Black People ; Canada/epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Family
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	304227-3
ISSN	1497-0015 ; 0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
ISSN (online)	1497-0015
ISSN	0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
DOI	10.1177/07067437231197263
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Article ; Online: Changing psychiatric perception of African-Americans with affective disorders.

Jarvis, G Eric

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

2012 Volume 200, Issue 12, Page(s) 1031–1040

Abstract: This article explored the origins and implications of the underdiagnosis of affective disorders in African-Americans. MEDLINE and old collections were searched using relevant key words. Reference lists from the articles that were gathered from this ... ...

Abstract	This article explored the origins and implications of the underdiagnosis of affective disorders in African-Americans. MEDLINE and old collections were searched using relevant key words. Reference lists from the articles that were gathered from this procedure were reviewed. The historical record indicated that the psychiatric perception of African-Americans with affective disorders changed significantly during the last 200 years. In the antebellum period, the mental disorders of slaves mostly went unnoticed. By the early 20th century, African-Americans were reported to have high rates of manic-depressive disorder compared with whites. By the mid-century, rates of manic-depressive disorder in African-Americans plummeted, whereas depression remained virtually nonexistent. In recent decades, diagnosed depression and bipolar disorder, whether in clinical or research settings, were inexplicably low in African-Americans compared with whites. Given these findings, American psychiatry needs to appraise the deep-seated effects of historical stereotypes on the diagnosis and treatment of African-Americans.
MeSH term(s)	African Americans/ethnology ; African Americans/psychology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology ; Humans ; Mood Disorders/diagnosis ; Mood Disorders/ethnology ; Mood Disorders/psychology ; Perception ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychiatry/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3020-x
ISSN	1539-736X ; 0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
ISSN	0022-3018
DOI	10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275cf43
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Article ; Online: Reported immigration and medical coercion among immigrants referred to a cultural consultation service.

Tran, Don Quang / Ryder, Andrew G / Jarvis, G Eric

Transcultural psychiatry

2019 Volume 56, Issue 5, Page(s) 807–826

Abstract: Members of visible minorities are commonly targets of social coercion related to immigration and medical measures. Social coercion is associated with poor mental health outcomes and mistrust of medical services. This study will determine if Afro-Canadian ...

Abstract	Members of visible minorities are commonly targets of social coercion related to immigration and medical measures. Social coercion is associated with poor mental health outcomes and mistrust of medical services. This study will determine if Afro-Canadian immigrants referred to a Cultural Consultation Service (CCS) in Montreal report more or less medical and immigration coercion compared with other ethnic minorities. We reviewed the charts of 729 referrals to the CCS and gathered data on the 401 patients included in the study. Chi-square statistics examined the relation between minority group and self-reported coercion. Binary logistic regression models controlled for standard sociodemographic variables in addition to ethnicity, language barrier, length of stay in Canada since immigration, refugee claimant status, referral source, presence of psychosis in the main diagnosis, and presence of legal history. Patients were diverse and included 105 Afro-Canadians, 40 Latin Americans, 73 Arab and West Asians, 149 South Asians, and 34 East and Southeast Asians. Being Afro-Canadian was significantly and positively associated with medical coercion (p = .02, 95% CI = 1.15-4.57), while being South Asian was negatively and significantly associated with immigration coercion (p = .03, 95% CI = .29-.93). Members of visible minority communities are not equal in their reported experience of social coercion after arriving to Canada. Future research clarifying pathways to mental health care for immigrants and the experience of new Canadians in immigration and health care settings would give needed context to the findings of this study.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Coercion ; Continental Population Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Culturally Competent Care/statistics & numerical data ; Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data ; Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minority Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Quebec/ethnology ; Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1378978-8
ISSN	1461-7471 ; 1363-4615
ISSN (online)	1461-7471
ISSN	1363-4615
DOI	10.1177/1363461519847811
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Article ; Online: Ethnoracial Differences in Coercive Referral and Intervention Among Patients With First-Episode Psychosis.

Knight, Sommer / Jarvis, G Eric / Ryder, Andrew G / Lashley, Myrna / Rousseau, Cécile

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

2021 Volume 73, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–8

Abstract: Objective: Using a retrospective sample, the authors sought to determine whether Black patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in Canada were at a higher risk for coercive referral and coercive intervention than non-Black patients with FEP.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Using a retrospective sample, the authors sought to determine whether Black patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in Canada were at a higher risk for coercive referral and coercive intervention than non-Black patients with FEP. Methods: Retrospective data from patients referred to an FEP program in 2008-2018 were collected via chart review (N=208). The authors used chi-square and logistic regression analyses to explore the relationships among race-ethnicity, diagnosis of psychosis, and coercive referral and intervention. Results: Results showed that Black persons of Caribbean or African descent with FEP were significantly more likely to be coercively referred (χ Conclusions: This study contributes to the dearth of research on Black Canadians and offers insight into factors that may place patients with FEP at risk for coercive treatment. More research is needed to explore the role that ethnoracial status may play in hospital admissions and to uncover the role of racial prejudices in the assessment of danger.
MeSH term(s)	Blacks ; Canada ; Humans ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1220173-x
ISSN	1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
ISSN (online)	1557-9700
ISSN	1075-2730
DOI	10.1176/appi.ps.202000715
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