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Article ; Online: Community-based case control study on the risk of fall among elderly in Kaniyambadi block, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Alex Joseph / Jayaprakash Muliyil

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100907- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Background: Fall injuries are a major cause of morbidity and disability in elderly. The magnitude of association of risk factors, the economic burden, and other consequences of fall in the elderly is less studied in India. Methods: A Community based ... ...

Abstract	Background: Fall injuries are a major cause of morbidity and disability in elderly. The magnitude of association of risk factors, the economic burden, and other consequences of fall in the elderly is less studied in India. Methods: A Community based matched case-control study was conducted among elderly ≥60 years, elders with a history of fall in the past 1 year was identified as cases. One control per case were selected, each case and control were matched for age and gender. Both groups were randomly selected from older people (age ≥60) living in Kaniyambadi block identified by door-to-door survey. Univariate analysis, stratified analysis and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: Having 141 cases of fall among 776 elders contacted, 18.17% (15.6-21.1) was estimated as the incidence of fall. The independent risk factors were identified as dizziness OR 2 (1.3 to 3.8) times and difficulty in walking OR 3 (1.7 to 5.9) times more likely for fall. Certain risk factors were found to be different in men and women. Among the 141 falls 110 (78%) had economic burden due to fall. Rs. 2370 was the mean expense for a fall, maximum of Rs 33,000 to a minimum of Rs 10 were spent because of falling. Conclusion: This study was one of the first community bases case-control studies in India on the risk of fall in elderly people. The study provides the important information on risk and protective factors for fall in rural Indians. The information could be used to develop targeted interventions to prevent the fall in this vulnerable age group.
Keywords	Elderly ; Falls ; Injuries ; Activities of daily living ; Case control ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	950
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risk factor for health care workers developing hypertension

Deepti Bal / Henry Kirubakaran / Sujith Thomas Chacko / Jayaprakash Muliyil / Thambu David Sudarsanam

CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 16-

A nested case-control study

2023 Volume 24

Abstract: Background and Objectives: The study was aimed to evaluate the role of stress, lifestyle as well as traditional risk factors in the development of hypertension among health-care workers (HCWs). Methods: This nested case–control study was done at a ... ...

Abstract	Background and Objectives: The study was aimed to evaluate the role of stress, lifestyle as well as traditional risk factors in the development of hypertension among health-care workers (HCWs). Methods: This nested case–control study was done at a tertiary care university teaching hospital in South India. Cases were hospital employees diagnosed with hypertension and who were taking antihypertensive medications. Controls were age- and sex-matched HCWs who were not diagnosed with hypertension. They were identified preferably in the same department where its case was presently working. One hundred and twenty-eight cases and 128 controls were enrolled. We collected data on risk factors for hypertension, physical activity, diet, and stress. Those significant on the bivariate analysis were entered into a logistic regression analysis. Results and Interpretation: In the logistic regression, we found that living in a joint family (2 siblings and their families), family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus, and family history of ischemic heart disease were independently predictive of hypertension developing in the study HCWs. Occasional or regular walking/cycling to work and milk consumption were independent factors that protected against the development of hypertension. Extra added salt to food and stress more than normal in any domain tested were not associated with the development of hypertension in our cohort. Conclusions: HCWs have some novel and other similar risk factors to general population for developing hypertension. Simple preventive measures seem effective. Neither stress nor self-reported salt consumption seemed to play a role in the development of hypertension.
Keywords	health-care workers ; hypertension ; risk factors ; stress ; Medicine ; R ; Nursing ; RT1-120
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths among high-risk sgroups in Tamil Nadu, India

Anoop Jaiswal / V Subbaraj / Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj / Manoj V Murhekar / Jayaprakash Muliyil

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 153, Iss 5, Pp 689-

2021 Volume 691

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of opportunities to implement community-wide mass drug administration for interrupting transmission of soil-transmitted helminths infections in India.

Kumudha Aruldas / Kim Dawson / Malvika Saxena / Angelin Titus / Jabaselvi Johnson / Marie-Claire Gwayi-Chore / Jayaprakash Muliyil / Gagandeep Kang / Judd L Walson / Ajay Khera / Sitara S R Ajjampur / Arianna Rubin Means

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 3, p e

2023 Volume 0011176

Abstract: Background The World Health Organization Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) guidelines recommend control of soil transmitted helminth (STH)-associated morbidity with targeted deworming of preschool and school-aged children who are disproportionately ... ...

Abstract	Background The World Health Organization Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) guidelines recommend control of soil transmitted helminth (STH)-associated morbidity with targeted deworming of preschool and school-aged children who are disproportionately affected by STH-associated morbidity. However, this strategy leaves many adults untreated and reinfection within communities perpetuates transmission even when mass drug administration (MDA) coverage of children is high. Evidence suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission by expanding MDA to a community-wide MDA (cMDA). Methods This multi-methods study of organizational readiness survey, key informant interviews, and program mapping, were conducted with government stakeholders in three Indian states, Goa, Sikkim, and Odisha, to assess readiness of the states for transitioning from school-based MDA to cMDA and identify opportunities to leverage existing infrastructure from other NTD programs like lymphatic filariasis (LF) for STH cMDA. Principal findings Overall, all three states indicated a highly favorable policy environment, effective leadership structure, adequate material resources, demonstrated technical capacity, and adequate community infrastructure needed to launch a STH cMDA program. The findings indicated a high-level of health system readiness to implement provided human resources and financial resources to deliver cMDA is strengthened. Areas with a significant overlap between LF and STH MDA platforms, particularly at the community-level, may be best primed for transitioning. Immunization, maternal child health, and non-communicable disease control programs were the other programs for possible integration of cMDA. States indicated having effective leadership structures in place at the state-level, however, engaging local leaders and community groups were considered crucial for successful implementation of cMDA. In-migration was a perceived challenge for estimating drug requirement and preventing possible stockouts. Conclusions Findings ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Are early childhood stunting and catch-up growth associated with school age cognition?-Evidence from an Indian birth cohort.

Beena Koshy / Manikandan Srinivasan / Sowmiya Gopalakrishnan / Venkata Raghava Mohan / Rebecca Scharf / Laura Murray-Kolb / Sushil John / Rachel Beulah / Jayaprakash Muliyil / Gagandeep Kang

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 3, p e

2022 Volume 0264010

Abstract: Background Millions of children worldwide especially in the Asian subcontinent are vulnerable to early childhood stunting. There are contradictory reports of the association between catch-up growth in childhood and school age cognition. Methods A ... ...

Abstract	Background Millions of children worldwide especially in the Asian subcontinent are vulnerable to early childhood stunting. There are contradictory reports of the association between catch-up growth in childhood and school age cognition. Methods A community-based birth cohort recruited between 2010 and 2012 from urban slums in Vellore, India was followed up until 9 years of age. From regular anthropometric measurements, stunting status for each individual child was calculated at 2, 5 and 9 years. Cognition was assessed at 9 years of age using the Malin's Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC). Children were divided into groups based on stunting at each time point as well as catch-up growth, and a regression model was utilised to evaluate their association with cognition at 9 years. Results Among 203 children included in this analysis, 94/203 (46.31%) children were stunted at 2 years of age, of whom 39.36% had a catch-up growth at 5 years of age, and 38.30% at 9 years. Around 10% of the cohort remained stunted at all time points. In the multivariable analysis, children who were stunted at 2, 5 and 9 years had a significantly lower verbal and total intelligence quotient (IQ) scores by 4.6 points compared to those who were never stunted. Children with catch up growth following stunting at 2 years had higher cognition scores than those who were persistently stunted throughout the childhood. Conclusions This study showed persistent stunting in childhood was associated with lowering of 4-5 IQ points in childhood cognition at 9 years of age. Recovery from early life stunting in children with catch up growth prevented further lowering of cognition scores in these children compared to persistently stunted children. Nutritional supplementation during late infancy and early toddlerhood in addition to continuing nutritional supplementation programmes for preschool and school children can improve childhood stunting and cognitive abilities in vulnerable populations.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Are early childhood stunting and catch-up growth associated with school age cognition?—Evidence from an Indian birth cohort

Beena Koshy / Manikandan Srinivasan / Sowmiya Gopalakrishnan / Venkata Raghava Mohan / Rebecca Scharf / Laura Murray-Kolb / Sushil John / Rachel Beulah / Jayaprakash Muliyil / Gagandeep Kang

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

2022 Volume 3

Abstract	Background Millions of children worldwide especially in the Asian subcontinent are vulnerable to early childhood stunting. There are contradictory reports of the association between catch-up growth in childhood and school age cognition. Methods A community-based birth cohort recruited between 2010 and 2012 from urban slums in Vellore, India was followed up until 9 years of age. From regular anthropometric measurements, stunting status for each individual child was calculated at 2, 5 and 9 years. Cognition was assessed at 9 years of age using the Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC). Children were divided into groups based on stunting at each time point as well as catch-up growth, and a regression model was utilised to evaluate their association with cognition at 9 years. Results Among 203 children included in this analysis, 94/203 (46.31%) children were stunted at 2 years of age, of whom 39.36% had a catch-up growth at 5 years of age, and 38.30% at 9 years. Around 10% of the cohort remained stunted at all time points. In the multivariable analysis, children who were stunted at 2, 5 and 9 years had a significantly lower verbal and total intelligence quotient (IQ) scores by 4.6 points compared to those who were never stunted. Children with catch up growth following stunting at 2 years had higher cognition scores than those who were persistently stunted throughout the childhood. Conclusions This study showed persistent stunting in childhood was associated with lowering of 4–5 IQ points in childhood cognition at 9 years of age. Recovery from early life stunting in children with catch up growth prevented further lowering of cognition scores in these children compared to persistently stunted children. Nutritional supplementation during late infancy and early toddlerhood in addition to continuing nutritional supplementation programmes for preschool and school children can improve childhood stunting and cognitive abilities in vulnerable populations.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Material needs insecurity and dietary salt – Role in uncontrolled hypertension

Alfia Rachel Kaki / Jayaprakash Muliyil / Arun Jose Nellickal / Visakakshi Jeyaseelan / Vijay Prakash Turaka / Anand Zachariah / Samuel George Hansdak / Manjeera Jagannati / Thambu David Sudarsanam

CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, Vol 8, Iss 3, Pp 155-

A case–Control study

2021 Volume 158

Abstract: We performed a case control study of 108 patients for the risk of uncontrolled hypertension Housing insecurity, a part of material needs insecurity is an independent predictor of uncontrolled hypertension (adjusted odds ratio 29.9, 1.2-734). Food ... ...

Abstract	We performed a case control study of 108 patients for the risk of uncontrolled hypertension Housing insecurity, a part of material needs insecurity is an independent predictor of uncontrolled hypertension (adjusted odds ratio 29.9, 1.2-734). Food insecurity, cost related medication underuse and housing instability were seen in 32.4%, 33.3%.and 39.8% of our study subjects respectively. On average patients had 6 stressful life events, which was not different among those with different levels of blood pressure control. We did not find correlation with 24-urine sodium excretion, a reflection of salt intake and hypertension control. The average hypertensive subject was taking more than 10 grams of sodium per day, far higher than recommended.
Keywords	hypertension ; material needs insecurity ; salt intake ; Medicine ; R ; Nursing ; RT1-120
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence and risk factors of Vitamin A deficiency in children and women of childbearing age in a Southern Indian Tribal Population

Divya Elizabeth Muliyil / Anuradha Rose / Sowmiya V Senthamizh / Tara Chatterjee / Jasmin Helan / Gangandeep Kang / Jayaprakash Muliyil

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol 44, Iss 2, Pp 162-

A cross-sectional study

2019 Volume 165

Abstract: Background: Night blindness and keratomalacia continue to be a problem among the tribal children and pregnant women residing in Jawadhi hills. Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Vitamin A deficiency ( ...

Abstract	Background: Night blindness and keratomalacia continue to be a problem among the tribal children and pregnant women residing in Jawadhi hills. Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children aged 1–8 years and women of reproductive age in a southern Indian tribal population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among children aged 1–8 years and women aged 15–45 years residing in Jawadhi hills. Participants were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Their sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of consumption of Vitamin A rich food were collected through a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measures and serum retinol levels, using high-performance liquid chromatography, were estimated for all participants. Results: A total of 166 children and 211 women participated in this study. The prevalence of VAD among the children (1–8 years) was 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5%–14.9%) and among women of the reproductive age group was 3.8% (95% CI: 1.2%–6.4%). Dietary intake was not associated with serum retinol levels. Low educational status of the head of the household (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.9) and pregnancy (aOR = 11.6) was significantly associated with an increased risk of VAD among children and women, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of VAD among children is a moderate public health problem. Strategies must focus on pregnant women and children from families with more than four children.
Keywords	Nutritional status ; serum retinol ; tribal ; Vitamin A ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Number Needed to Screen among Rural High School Children in Southern India

Deepika Dorothy John / Padma Paul / Evon Selina Kujur / Sarada David / Smitha Jasper / Jayaprakash Muliyil

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 11, Iss 8, Pp NC16-NC

A Cross-sectional Study

2017 Volume 19

Abstract: Introduction: Avoidable blindness is mainly due to uncorrected refractive errors (URE). School Eye Screening (SES) can be used as an initiative to address this issue. Aim: To determine prevalence of URE and Number Needed to Screen (NNS) to find one child ...

Abstract	Introduction: Avoidable blindness is mainly due to uncorrected refractive errors (URE). School Eye Screening (SES) can be used as an initiative to address this issue. Aim: To determine prevalence of URE and Number Needed to Screen (NNS) to find one child with low vision or blindness from URE among rural school children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 22 government schools with sixth to ninth grades in Kaniyambadi block of Vellore District of Tamil Nadu, India. There were 4739 children on the rolls. Among children present, all those identified to have a visual deficit in either eye, using a single line 20/40 Snellen’s optotype E chart at 6 m, were referred to the hospital for confirmatory evaluation. Blindness (uncorrected) was defined as inability to see 20/200 in the better eye. In two of these schools, visual deficits were validated through a second school based examination by a clinician. Results: Of the 4739 children on rolls, 601 were absent; all 4138 (87.3%) who were present underwent screening; 2.3% (98) {95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.8 to 2.8} failed the screening test in at least one eye and were referred for examination. Only 28 (28.6%) of 98 children who were referred came for examination to the hospital. In the 2 of the 22 schools where the visual deficit was validated, there were no false positives. The prevalence of refractive error in these two schools was 2.2% (95% CI 1.7 – 2.7). NNS to detect one child with low vision or blindness from URE was 147. Conclusion: Magnitude of refractive error, low NNS, low response to referral necessitates complete care at school and hence a relook at the current SES program.
Keywords	avoidable blindness ; childhood blindness ; low vision ; myopia ; school eye screening ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Epidemiology & risk factors of scrub typhus in south India

George M Varghese / Deepa Raj / Mark R Francis / Rajiv Sarkar / Paul Trowbridge / Jayaprakash Muliyil

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 144, Iss 1, Pp 76-

2016 Volume 81

Abstract: Background & objectives: Scrub typhus is a major public health threat in South and Southeastern Asian countries including India. Understanding local patterns of disease and factors that place individuals at risk is pivotal to future preventive measures ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: Scrub typhus is a major public health threat in South and Southeastern Asian countries including India. Understanding local patterns of disease and factors that place individuals at risk is pivotal to future preventive measures against scrub typhus. The primary aim of this study was to identify specific epidemiological and geographical factors associated with an increased risk of developing scrub typhus in this region. Methods: We mapped 709 patients from Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana who were admitted to the Christian Medical College (CMC) Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, for the period 2006-2011, assessed seasonality using monthly counts of scrub typhus cases, and conducted a case-control study among a subset of patients residing in Vellore. Results: The geographic distribution of cases at CMC Hospital clusters around the Tamil Nadu-Andhra Pradesh border. However, distinct hotspots clearly exist distal to this area, near Madurai and the coast in Tamil Nadu, and in the Northeast of Andhra Pradesh. Seasonally, the highest numbers of cases were observed in the cooler months of the year, i.e. September to January. In the case-control analysis, cases were more likely to be agricultural laborers (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01 - 3.15), not wear a shirt at home (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.12 - 16.3), live in houses adjacent to bushes or shrubs (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.08 - 3.53), and live in a single room home (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02 - 3.01). On binary logistic regression, the first three of these variables were statistically significant. Interpretation & conclusions: With the growing number of cases detected in India, scrub typhus is fast emerging as a public health threat and further research to protect the population from this deadly infection is essential. Health education campaigns focusing on the agricultural workers of Southern India, especially during the cooler months of the year, can serve as an important public health measure to control infection.
Keywords	Epidemiology - Orientia tsutsugamushi - risk factors - scrub typhus - south India ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	950
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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