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Article ; Online: Identifying and Mitigating Charge Instabilities in Shallow Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers.

Bluvstein, Dolev / Zhang, Zhiran / Jayich, Ania C Bleszynski

2019 Volume 122, Issue 7, Page(s) 76101

Abstract: The charge degree of freedom in solid-state defects fundamentally underpins the electronic spin degree of freedom, a workhorse of quantum technologies. Here we measure, analyze, and control charge-state behavior in individual near-surface nitrogen- ... ...

Abstract	The charge degree of freedom in solid-state defects fundamentally underpins the electronic spin degree of freedom, a workhorse of quantum technologies. Here we measure, analyze, and control charge-state behavior in individual near-surface nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, where NV^{-} hosts the metrologically relevant electron spin. We find that NV^{-} initialization fidelity varies between individual centers and over time; we alleviate the deleterious effects of reduced NV^{-} initialization fidelity via logic-based initialization. Importantly, we also show that NV^{-} can ionize in the dark on experimentally relevant timescales, and we introduce measurement protocols that mitigate the compromising effects of charge conversion on spin measurements. We identify tunneling to a single local electron trap as the mechanism for ionization in the dark, and we develop novel NV-assisted techniques to control and read out the trap charge state. Our understanding and command of the NV's local electrostatic environment will simultaneously guide materials design and provide unique functionalities with NV centers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.076101
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Article ; Online: Nanoscale electrical conductivity imaging using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond.

Ariyaratne, Amila / Bluvstein, Dolev / Myers, Bryan A / Jayich, Ania C Bleszynski

Nature communications

2018 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 2406

Abstract: The electrical conductivity of a material can feature subtle, non-trivial, and spatially varying signatures with critical insight into the material's underlying physics. Here we demonstrate a conductivity imaging technique based on the atom-sized ... ...

Abstract	The electrical conductivity of a material can feature subtle, non-trivial, and spatially varying signatures with critical insight into the material's underlying physics. Here we demonstrate a conductivity imaging technique based on the atom-sized nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond that offers local, quantitative, and non-invasive conductivity imaging with nanoscale spatial resolution. We monitor the spin relaxation rate of a single NV center in a scanning probe geometry to quantitatively image the magnetic fluctuations produced by thermal electron motion in nanopatterned metallic conductors. We achieve 40-nm scale spatial resolution of the conductivity and realize a 25-fold increase in imaging speed by implementing spin-to-charge conversion readout of a shallow NV center. NV-based conductivity imaging can probe condensed-matter systems in a new regime not accessible to existing technologies, and as a model example, we project readily achievable imaging of nanoscale phase separation in complex oxides.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-018-04798-1
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Article ; Online: Extending the Quantum Coherence of a Near-Surface Qubit by Coherently Driving the Paramagnetic Surface Environment.

Bluvstein, Dolev / Zhang, Zhiran / McLellan, Claire A / Williams, Nicolas R / Jayich, Ania C Bleszynski

Physical review letters

2019 Volume 123, Issue 14, Page(s) 146804

Abstract: Surfaces enable useful functionalities for quantum systems, e.g., as interfaces to sensing targets, but often result in surface-induced decoherence where unpaired electron spins are common culprits. Here we show that the coherence time of a near-surface ... ...

Abstract	Surfaces enable useful functionalities for quantum systems, e.g., as interfaces to sensing targets, but often result in surface-induced decoherence where unpaired electron spins are common culprits. Here we show that the coherence time of a near-surface qubit is increased by coherent radio-frequency driving of surface electron spins, where we use a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center as a model qubit. This technique is complementary to other methods of suppressing decoherence and, importantly, requires no additional materials processing or control of the qubit. Further, by combining driving with the increased magnetic susceptibility of the double-quantum basis, we realize an overall fivefold sensitivity enhancement in NV magnetometry. Informed by our results, we discuss a path toward relaxation-limited coherence times for near-surface NV centers. The surface-spin driving technique presented here is broadly applicable to a wide variety of qubit platforms afflicted by surface-induced decoherence.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.146804
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Article ; Online: Diamond surface functionalization via visible light-driven C-H activation for nanoscale quantum sensing.

Rodgers, Lila V H / Nguyen, Suong T / Cox, James H / Zervas, Kalliope / Yuan, Zhiyang / Sangtawesin, Sorawis / Stacey, Alastair / Jaye, Cherno / Weiland, Conan / Pershin, Anton / Gali, Adam / Thomsen, Lars / Meynell, Simon A / Hughes, Lillian B / Jayich, Ania C Bleszynski / Gui, Xin / Cava, Robert J / Knowles, Robert R / de Leon, Nathalie P

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2024 Volume 121, Issue 11, Page(s) e2316032121

Abstract: Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a promising platform for nanoscale NMR sensing. Despite significant progress toward using NV centers to detect and localize nuclear spins down to the single spin level, NV-based spectroscopy of individual, ... ...

Abstract	Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a promising platform for nanoscale NMR sensing. Despite significant progress toward using NV centers to detect and localize nuclear spins down to the single spin level, NV-based spectroscopy of individual, intact, arbitrary target molecules remains elusive. Such sensing requires that target molecules are immobilized within nanometers of NV centers with long spin coherence. The inert nature of diamond typically requires harsh functionalization techniques such as thermal annealing or plasma processing, limiting the scope of functional groups that can be attached to the surface. Solution-phase chemical methods can be readily generalized to install diverse functional groups, but they have not been widely explored for single-crystal diamond surfaces. Moreover, realizing shallow NV centers with long spin coherence times requires highly ordered single-crystal surfaces, and solution-phase functionalization has not yet been shown with such demanding conditions. In this work, we report a versatile strategy to directly functionalize C-H bonds on single-crystal diamond surfaces under ambient conditions using visible light, forming C-F, C-Cl, C-S, and C-N bonds at the surface. This method is compatible with NV centers within 10 nm of the surface with spin coherence times comparable to the state of the art. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we use shallow ensembles of NV centers to detect nuclear spins from surface-bound functional groups. Our approach to surface functionalization opens the door to deploying NV centers as a tool for chemical sensing and single-molecule spectroscopy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2316032121
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Book ; Online: Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation

Hughes, Lillian B. / Zhang, Zhiran / Jin, Chang / Meynell, Simon A. / Ye, Bingtian / Wu, Weijie / Wang, Zilin / Davis, Emily J. / Mates, Thomas E. / Yao, Norman Y. / Mukherjee, Kunal / Jayich, Ania C. Bleszynski

2022

Abstract: Systems of spins engineered with tunable density and reduced dimensionality enable a number of advancements in quantum sensing and simulation. Defects in diamond, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are ... ...

Abstract	Systems of spins engineered with tunable density and reduced dimensionality enable a number of advancements in quantum sensing and simulation. Defects in diamond, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are particularly promising solid-state platforms to explore. However, the ability to controllably create coherent, two-dimensional spin systems and characterize their properties, such as density, depth confinement, and coherence is an outstanding materials challenge. We present a refined approach to engineer dense ($\gtrsim$1 ppm$\cdot$nm), 2D nitrogen and NV layers in diamond using delta-doping during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) epitaxial growth. We employ both traditional materials techniques, e.g. secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), alongside NV spin decoherence-based measurements to characterize the density and dimensionality of the P1 and NV layers. We find P1 densities of 5-10 ppm$\cdot$nm, NV densities between 1 and 3.5 ppm$\cdot$nm tuned via electron irradiation dosage, and depth confinement of the spin layer down to 1.6 nm. We also observe high (up to 0.74) ratios of P1 to NV centers and reproducibly long NV coherence times, dominated by dipolar interactions with the engineered P1 and NV spin baths.
Keywords	Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Quantum Physics
Subject code	530
Publishing date	2022-11-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dynamic strain-mediated coupling of a single diamond spin to a mechanical resonator.

Ovartchaiyapong, Preeti / Lee, Kenneth W / Myers, Bryan A / Jayich, Ania C Bleszynski

Nature communications

2014 Volume 5, Page(s) 4429

Abstract: The development of hybrid quantum systems is central to the advancement of emerging quantum technologies, including quantum information science and quantum-assisted sensing. The recent demonstration of high-quality single-crystal diamond resonators has ... ...

Abstract	The development of hybrid quantum systems is central to the advancement of emerging quantum technologies, including quantum information science and quantum-assisted sensing. The recent demonstration of high-quality single-crystal diamond resonators has led to significant interest in a hybrid system consisting of nitrogen-vacancy centre spins that interact with the resonant phonon modes of a macroscopic mechanical resonator through crystal strain. However, the nitrogen-vacancy spin-strain interaction has not been well characterized. Here, we demonstrate dynamic, strain-mediated coupling of the mechanical motion of a diamond cantilever to the spin of an embedded nitrogen-vacancy centre. Via quantum control of the spin, we quantitatively characterize the axial and transverse strain sensitivities of the nitrogen-vacancy ground-state spin. The nitrogen-vacancy centre is an atomic scale sensor and we demonstrate spin-based strain imaging with a strain sensitivity of 3 × 10(-6) strain Hz(-1/2). Finally, we show how this spin-resonator system could enable coherent spin-phonon interactions in the quantum regime.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/ncomms5429
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Book ; Online: Engineering quantum-coherent defects

Meynell, Simon A. / McLellan, Claire A. / Hughes, Lillian B. / Mates, Tom. E. / Mukherjee, Kunal / Jayich, Ania C. Bleszynski

the role of substrate miscut in chemical vapor deposition diamond growth

2020

Abstract: The engineering of defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, is important for many applications in quantum science. A materials science approach based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of diamond and in-situ nitrogen doping ... ...

Abstract	The engineering of defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, is important for many applications in quantum science. A materials science approach based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of diamond and in-situ nitrogen doping is a promising path toward tuning and optimizing the desired properties of the embedded defects. Herein, with the coherence of the embedded defects in mind, we explore the effects of substrate miscut on the diamond growth rate, nitrogen density, and hillock defect density, and we report an optimal angle range between 0.66{\deg} < {\theta} < 1.16{\deg} for the purposes of engineering coherent ensembles of NV centers in diamond. We provide a model that quantitatively describes hillock nucleation in the step-flow regime of CVD growth, shedding insight on the physics of hillock formation. We also report significantly enhanced incorporation of nitrogen at hillock defects, opening the possibility for templating hillock-defect-localized NV center ensembles for quantum applications. Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures
Keywords	Physics - Applied Physics ; Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Subject code	530
Publishing date	2020-05-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Probing many-body dynamics in a two dimensional dipolar spin ensemble

Davis, Emily J. / Ye, Bingtian / Machado, Francisco / Meynell, Simon A. / Wu, Weijie / Mittiga, Thomas / Schenken, William / Joos, Maxime / Kobrin, Bryce / Lyu, Yuanqi / Wang, Zilin / Bluvstein, Dolev / Choi, Soonwon / Zu, Chong / Jayich, Ania C. Bleszynski / Yao, Norman Y.

2021

Abstract: The most direct approach for characterizing the quantum dynamics of a strongly-interacting system is to measure the time-evolution of its full many-body state. Despite the conceptual simplicity of this approach, it quickly becomes intractable as the ... ...

Abstract	The most direct approach for characterizing the quantum dynamics of a strongly-interacting system is to measure the time-evolution of its full many-body state. Despite the conceptual simplicity of this approach, it quickly becomes intractable as the system size grows. An alternate framework is to think of the many-body dynamics as generating noise, which can be measured by the decoherence of a probe qubit. Our work centers on the following question: What can the decoherence dynamics of such a probe tell us about the many-body system? In particular, we utilize optically addressable probe spins to experimentally characterize both static and dynamical properties of strongly-interacting magnetic dipoles. Our experimental platform consists of two types of spin defects in diamond: nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers (probe spins) and substitutional nitrogen impurities (many-body system). We demonstrate that signatures of the many-body system's dimensionality, dynamics, and disorder are naturally encoded in the functional form of the NV's decoherence profile. Leveraging these insights, we directly characterize the two-dimensional nature of a nitrogen delta-doped diamond sample. In addition, we explore two distinct facets of the many-body dynamics: First, we address a persistent debate about the microscopic nature of spin dynamics in strongly-interacting dipolar systems. Second, we demonstrate direct control over the correlation time of the many-body system. Finally, we demonstrate polarization exchange between NV and P1 centers, opening the door to quantum sensing and simulation using two-dimensional spin-polarized ensembles. Comment: 30 + 18 + 7 pages; 4 + 7 figures
Keywords	Quantum Physics ; Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2021-03-23
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reduced plasma-induced damage to near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.

Cui, Shanying / Greenspon, Andrew S / Ohno, Kenichi / Myers, Bryan A / Jayich, Ania C Bleszynski / Awschalom, David D / Hu, Evelyn L

Nano letters

2015 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 2887–2891

Abstract: Understanding plasma etch damage on near-surface nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is essential for preserving NV emission in photonic structures and magnetometry systems. We have developed a methodology to compare the optical properties of ... ...

Abstract	Understanding plasma etch damage on near-surface nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is essential for preserving NV emission in photonic structures and magnetometry systems. We have developed a methodology to compare the optical properties of ensemble NV centers initially 70 nm from the surface brought closer to the surface through etching with O2 plasmas in three different reactors. We employ a conventional reactive ion etcher, a barrel etcher, and a downstream etcher. We find that, irrespective of the etcher used, NV luminescence dims steadily as NVs are brought closer to the surface due to optical and surface effects. When NVs are less than 40 nm from the surface, differences in damage from the three different plasma processes affect the NV emission intensity in different ways. Diamond that is etched using the conventional etching method shows a greatly reduced NV luminescence, whereas NVs 15 nm from the surface still survive when the diamond is etched in the downstream reactor. As a result, downstream etching provides a possible alternative method for low damage etching of diamond for preservation of near surface NV properties.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1530-6992
ISSN (online)	1530-6992
DOI	10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00457
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Coherent sensing of a mechanical resonator with a single-spin qubit.

Kolkowitz, Shimon / Jayich, Ania C Bleszynski / Unterreithmeier, Quirin P / Bennett, Steven D / Rabl, Peter / Harris, J G E / Lukin, Mikhail D

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2012 Volume 335, Issue 6076, Page(s) 1603–1606

Abstract: Mechanical systems can be influenced by a wide variety of small forces, ranging from gravitational to optical, electrical, and magnetic. When mechanical resonators are scaled down to nanometer-scale dimensions, these forces can be harnessed to enable ... ...

Abstract	Mechanical systems can be influenced by a wide variety of small forces, ranging from gravitational to optical, electrical, and magnetic. When mechanical resonators are scaled down to nanometer-scale dimensions, these forces can be harnessed to enable coupling to individual quantum systems. We demonstrate that the coherent evolution of a single electronic spin associated with a nitrogen vacancy center in diamond can be coupled to the motion of a magnetized mechanical resonator. Coherent manipulation of the spin is used to sense driven and Brownian motion of the resonator under ambient conditions with a precision below 6 picometers. With future improvements, this technique could be used to detect mechanical zero-point fluctuations, realize strong spin-phonon coupling at a single quantum level, and implement quantum spin transducers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.1216821
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