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Article ; Online: Trends in harmful drug exposure during pregnancy in France between 2013 and 2019

Margaux Louchet / Mathis Collier / Nathanaël Beeker / Laurent Mandelbrot / Jeanne Sibiude / Laurent Chouchana / Jean Marc Treluyer

PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e

A nationwide cohort study.

2024 Volume 0295897

Abstract: Objective Describe the trends of exposure to harmful drugs during pregnancy over recent years in France. Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting The French National administrative health Data System (SNDS). Population Pregnancies starting between 2013 ... ...

Abstract	Objective Describe the trends of exposure to harmful drugs during pregnancy over recent years in France. Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting The French National administrative health Data System (SNDS). Population Pregnancies starting between 2013 and 2019 and outcomes corresponding to live births, medical terminations of pregnancy, and stillbirths. Methods Each pregnancy was divided into a preconceptional period of 90 days before conception and three trimesters from conception to birth. Harmful drugs were defined according to their risks to the fetus: teratogenicity or fetotoxicity. Exposure was defined using the critical period during pregnancy for each type of harmful drug: preconceptional period or first trimester for teratogenic drugs and second or third trimesters for fetotoxic drugs. Main outcome measures Prevalence of pregnancies exposed to at least one harmful drug. Results Among 5,253,284 pregnancies, 204,402 (389 per 10,000) pregnancies were exposed to at least one harmful drug during the critical periods: 48,326 (92 per 10,000) pregnancies were exposed to teratogenic drugs during the preconceptional period or the first trimester, and 155,514 (299 per 10,000) pregnancies were exposed to fetotoxic drugs during the second or third trimesters. Teratogenic drugs were mainly retinoids for topical use (44 per 10,000 pregnancies), antiepileptics (13 per 10,000 pregnancies) and statins (13 per 10,000 pregnancies). Fetotoxic drugs were mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for systemic (128 per 10,000 pregnancies) and topical use (122 per 10,000 pregnancies). Exposure to teratogenic drugs decreased from the preconceptional period to the first trimester. Exposure to fetotoxic drugs decreased from the second to the third trimester. Between 2013 and 2019, we found a decrease in harmful drug exposure overall, mainly for topical and systemic NSAIDs and for topical retinoids. Conclusions In this nationwide study, about one in 25 pregnancies was exposed to at least one harmful drug, mainly NSAIDs ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Diagnosis of advanced cervical cancer, missed opportunities?

Jérémie Mattern / Irène Letendre / Jeanne Sibiude / Cécile Pénager / Asma Jnifen / Fatoumata Souare / Sophie Ayel / Thuy Nguyen / Laurent Mandelbrot

BMC Women's Health, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background Cervical cancer is common worldwide. Despite the existence of primary and secondary prevention strategies, the survival rate is decreasing in France due to an increasing proportion of advanced-stage cancer. Our objective was to ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Cervical cancer is common worldwide. Despite the existence of primary and secondary prevention strategies, the survival rate is decreasing in France due to an increasing proportion of advanced-stage cancer. Our objective was to determine the factors associated with a diagnosis of cervical cancer at advanced stages in an urban population in France. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on all consecutive records of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer between January 2006 and December 2018 in a single center in Paris. The data collected were demographic characteristics, medical and gynecological history, circumstances of diagnosis, diagnostic and therapeutic management. The patients were divided into two groups according to the FIGO 2018 stage at diagnosis: group A stages IA1 to IB2 and group B advanced stages IB3 to IVB. Results Among 96 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer, 25 (26%) were in group A and 71 (74%) in group B. Women in group B had less frequently received regular gynecological care than in group A (36% vs 84.2%, p < 0.001) and fewer had Pap test screening in the previous 3 years (30.4% vs 95.0%, p < 0.001). Parity greater than 3 was more frequent in group B (69.6% vs 42.9%, p = 0.031). The diagnosis was made during a routine examination or cervical smear in only 9.23% and 16.18% respectively in group B, versus 60% of cases in 45.82% of cases in group A (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). Vaginal bleeding was observed in 85.29% in group B versus 36% in group A (p < 0.001). Histological type was squamous cell carcinoma 87.32% of group B and 56% of group A (p < 0.001). Conclusion Diagnosis of cervical cancers at advanced stages occurred mostly in women who did not benefit from the recommended screening. Universal access to screening is necessary for the prevention and early treatment of cervical cancer.
Keywords	Cervical cancer ; Advanced stage ; Screening ; Late diagnosis ; Gynecology and obstetrics ; RG1-991 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pregnant women's perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine

Charles Egloff / Camille Couffignal / Anne Gael Cordier / Philippe Deruelle / Jeanne Sibiude / Olivia Anselem / Alexandra Benachi / Dominique Luton / Laurent Mandelbrot / Christelle Vauloup-Fellous / Alexandre J Vivanti / Olivier Picone

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e

A French survey.

2022 Volume 0263512

Abstract: Introduction Pregnant women are at increased risk for COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccine is the most promising solution to overcome the current pandemic. This study was conducted to evaluate pregnant women's perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. ...

Abstract	Introduction Pregnant women are at increased risk for COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccine is the most promising solution to overcome the current pandemic. This study was conducted to evaluate pregnant women's perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Materials & methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 18 to April 5 2021. An anonymous survey was distributed in 7 French obstetrics departments to all pregnant women before a prenatal visit. All pregnant women attending a follow-up consultation were asked to participate in the study. An anonymous web survey was available through a QR code and participants were asked whether or not they would agree to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and why. The questionnaire included questions on the patients' demographics and their knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines. Results Of the 664 pregnant women who completed the questionnaire, 29.5% (95% CI 27.7; 31.3) indicated they would agree to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The main reason for not agreeing was being more afraid of potential side effects of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on the fetus than of COVID-19. Factors influencing acceptance of vaccination were: being slightly older, multiparity, having discussed it with a caregiver and acceptance of the influenza vaccine. Discussion Nearly one-third of pregnant women in this population would be willing to be vaccinated. In addition to studies establishing fetal safety, public health agencies and healthcare professionals should provide accurate information about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prenatal care providers' perceptions of the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine for themselves and for pregnant women.

Philippe Deruelle / Camile Couffignal / Jeanne Sibiude / Alexandre J Vivanti / Olivia Anselem / Dominique Luton / Alexandra Benachi / Laurent Mandelbrot / Christelle Vauloup-Fellous / Anne Gael Cordier / Olivier Picone

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e

2021 Volume 0256080

Abstract: Background Prenatal care providers will play an important role in the acceptance of SARS-Cov-2 vaccination for pregnant women. Objective To determine the perceptions of French prenatal care providers: midwives, general practitioners (GPs) and ... ...

Abstract	Background Prenatal care providers will play an important role in the acceptance of SARS-Cov-2 vaccination for pregnant women. Objective To determine the perceptions of French prenatal care providers: midwives, general practitioners (GPs) and obstetricians and gynaecologists (Ob-Gyn) regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy. Study design An anonymous online survey was sent to members of French professional societies representing prenatal practitioners. The participants were asked to answer questions on their characteristics and give their opinions of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for themselves and women who are pregnant or willing to become pregnant. Results Access to the survey was opened from January 11th, 2021, to March 1st, 2021. A total of 1,416 responses were collected from 749 Ob-Gyn, 598 midwives and 69 GPs. Most respondents (86.7% overall, 90.4% for Ob-GYN, 81.1% for GPs and 80.1% for midwives) agreed to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 would be offered to pregnant women by 49.4% 95%CI [48.1-50.8] of the participants. Midwives were less likely to recommend vaccination than GP and Ob-Gyn (37.5%, 50.7% and 58.8%, respectively). The multinomial logistic regression revealed that being an obstetrician, working in a group, usually offering a flu vaccine and wanting to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were positively associated with considering pregnant women for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Conclusion Most French prenatal healthcare providers are favourable towards vaccinating pregnant women, but a large minority express reservation. More evidence on safety and involvement by professional organisations will be important to encourage the access of pregnant women to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Pregnancy Outcomes According to Gestational Age at Time of Infection

Dominique A. Badr / Olivier Picone / Elisa Bevilacqua / Andrew Carlin / Federica Meli / Jeanne Sibiude / Jérémie Mattern / Jean-François Fils / Laurent Mandelbrot / Antonio Lanzone / Danièle De Luca / Jacques C. Jani / Alexandre J. Vivanti

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 10, Pp 2535-

2021 Volume 2543

Abstract: We conducted an international multicenter retrospective cohort study, PregOuTCOV, to examine the effect of gestational age at time of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We ... ...

Abstract	We conducted an international multicenter retrospective cohort study, PregOuTCOV, to examine the effect of gestational age at time of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We included all singleton pregnancies with a live fetus at 10 weeks’ gestation in which pregnancy outcomes were known. The exposed group consisted of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, whereas the unexposed group consisted of all remaining patients during the same period. Primary outcomes were defined as composite adverse obstetric outcomes and composite adverse neonatal outcomes. Of 10,925 pregnant women, 393 (3.60%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (exposed group). After matching for possible confounders, we identified statistically significant increases in the exposed group of composite adverse obstetric outcomes at >20 weeks’ gestation and of composite adverse neonatal outcomes at >26 weeks’ gestation (p<0.001). Vaccination programs should target women early in pregnancy or before conception, if possible.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; coronavirus disease ; SARS-CoV-2 ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; viruses ; respiratory infections ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Protease Inhibitor Anti-HIV, Lopinavir, Impairs Placental Endocrine Function

Camille Fraichard / Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano / Christelle Laguillier-Morizot / Marylise Hebert-Schuster / René Lai-Kuen / Jeanne Sibiude / Thierry Fournier / Marie Cohen / Jean Guibourdenche

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 2, p

2021 Volume 683

Abstract: Protease Inhibitors (PI e.g., ritonavir (RTV) and lopinavir (LPV)) used to treat pregnant mothers infected by HIV induce prematurity and endocrine dysfunctions. The maintenance of pregnancy relies on placental hormone production (human Chorionic ... ...

Abstract	Protease Inhibitors (PI e.g., ritonavir (RTV) and lopinavir (LPV)) used to treat pregnant mothers infected by HIV induce prematurity and endocrine dysfunctions. The maintenance of pregnancy relies on placental hormone production (human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) and progesterone (P4)). Those functions are ensured by the villous trophoblast and are mainly regulated by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway and mitochondria. We investigated, in vitro, if PI impair hCG and P4 production and the potential intracellular mechanisms involved. Term villous cytotrophoblast (VCT) were cultured with or without RTV or LPV from 6 to 48 h. VCT differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast (ST) was followed measuring hCG and P4 secretion. We evaluated the expression of P4 synthesis partners (Metastatic Lymph Node 64 (MLN64), cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450SCC), Hydroxy-delta-5-Steroid Dehydrogenase and 3 Beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1)), of mitochondrial pro-fusion factors (Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1)) and of UPR factors (Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78), Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4), Activating Transcription Factor 6 (ATF6), spliced X-box Binding Protein 1 (sXBP1)). RTV had no significant effect on hCG and P4 secretion, whereas lopinavir significantly decreased both secretions. LPV also decreased P450SCC and HSD3B1 expression, whereas it increased Mfn2, GRP78 and sXBP1 expression in ST. RTV has no effect on the endocrine placenta. LPV impairs both villous trophoblast differentiation and P4 production. It is likely to act via mitochondrial fusion and UPR pathway activation. These trophoblastic alterations may end in decreased P4 levels in maternal circulation, inducing prematurity.
Keywords	human placenta ; lopinavir ; progesterone ; mitochondria ; Mfn2 ; UPR ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Retrospective Description of Pregnant Women Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, France

Alexandre J. Vivanti / Jérémie Mattern / Christelle Vauloup-Fellous / Jacques Jani / Luc Rigonnot / Larissa El Hachem / Agnès Le Gouez / Céline Desconclois / Imane Ben M’Barek / Jeanne Sibiude / Alexandra Benachi / Olivier Picone / Anne-Gaël Cordier

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 9, Pp 2069-

2020 Volume 2076

Abstract: Fix data are available on the management of pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a retrospective study of 100 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4 obstetric units in the Paris ... ...

Abstract	Fix data are available on the management of pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a retrospective study of 100 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4 obstetric units in the Paris metropolitan area of France during March 12–April 13, 2020. Among patients, 52 (52%) were hospitalized, 10 (10%) in intensive care units (ICUs). Women with higher body mass indexes (BMIs; median 30.7 kg/m2) were more likely to be hospitalized in ICUs than other women (median BMI 26.2 kg/m2). Women hospitalized in ICUs had lower lymphocyte count at diagnosis (median 0.77 × 109 cells/L) than women not hospitalized in ICUs (median lymphocyte count 1.15 × 109 cells/L). All women requiring oxygen >5 L/min were intubated. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of SARS-CoV–2−positive pregnant women at the time of diagnosis can identify patients at risk for ICU hospitalization.
Keywords	pregnancy ; respiratory infections ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS ; COVID-19 ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Low birth weight is strongly associated with the risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis

Bruno Borghese / Jeanne Sibiude / Pietro Santulli / Marie-Christine Lafay Pillet / Louis Marcellin / Ivo Brosens / Charles Chapron

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 2, p e

results of a 743 case-control study.

2015 Volume 0117387

Abstract: The influence of intrauterine environment on the risk of endometriosis is still controversial. Whether birth weight modifies the risk of endometriosis in adulthood remains an open question. For this purpose, we designed a case-control study involving 743 ...

Abstract	The influence of intrauterine environment on the risk of endometriosis is still controversial. Whether birth weight modifies the risk of endometriosis in adulthood remains an open question. For this purpose, we designed a case-control study involving 743 women operated on for benign gynecological indications from January 2004 to December 2011. Study group included 368 patients with histologically proven endometriosis: 54 superficial endometriosis (SUP), 79 endometriomas (OMA) and 235 deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Control group included 375 patients without endometriosis as surgically checked. Mean birth weights were compared between patients and controls, according to endometriosis groups and rAFS stages. Mean birth weight was significantly lower for patients with endometriosis as compared to controls (3,119 g ± 614 and 3,251 g ± 557 respectively; p = 0.002). When compared to controls, patients with DIE had the lowest birth weight with a highly significant difference (3,103 g ± 620, p = 0.002). In univariate analysis, patients with low birth weight (LBW), defined as a BW < 2,500 g, had a higher risk of endometriosis, especially DIE, as compared to the reference group (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.0-2.3 and OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.0-2.7, respectively). Multivariate analysis, adjusted on ethnicity and smoking status, showed the persistence of a significant association between endometriosis and LBW with a slight increase in the magnitude of the association (aOR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.0-2.6 for endometriosis, aOR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1-2.9 for DIE). In conclusion, LBW is independently associated with the risk of endometriosis in our population. Among patients with LBW, the risk is almost two-times higher to develop DIE. This association could reflect common signaling pathways between endometriosis and fetal growth regulation. There is also the possibility of a role played by placental insufficiency on the development of the neonate's pelvis and the occurrence of neonatal uterine bleeding that could have consequences on the risk of ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Placental growth factor for the prediction of adverse outcomes in patients with suspected preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction.

Jeanne Sibiude / Jean Guibourdenche / Marie-Danielle Dionne / Camille Le Ray / Olivia Anselem / Raphaël Serreau / François Goffinet / Vassilis Tsatsaris

PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 11, p e

2012 Volume 50208

Abstract: The circulating concentration of PlGF is reported to be lower in patients experiencing preeclampsia and patients delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) neonate. To evaluate the predictive value of circulating PlGF for preeclampsia and adverse ... ...

Abstract	The circulating concentration of PlGF is reported to be lower in patients experiencing preeclampsia and patients delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) neonate. To evaluate the predictive value of circulating PlGF for preeclampsia and adverse outcome in patients with suspected preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).A double blind prospective study. We enrolled 96 women for suspected preeclampsia or IUGR, and measured plasma levels of PlGF (Triage®) at enrolment. We defined adverse outcome as severe preeclampsia, SGA neonate (<10(th) centile) or elective delivery for maternal or fetal complication. Severe adverse outcome was studied among patients included <34 weeks gestation (WG) and defined as eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, very SGA (<3(rd) centile) or elective delivery <34 WG. The mean logtransformed PlGF level was lower for women who experienced preeclampsia (2.9 vs 3.7, p = 0.02), and was markedly lower for patients who experienced adverse outcome (2.9 vs 4.3, p<0.001). The odds of presenting an adverse outcome were higher for the lowest tertile of PlGF compared to the higher (OR = 13 , 95% CI [3-50]). For severe adverse outcome, odds were respectively for the lowest and intermediate tertile as compared with the higher tertile : OR = 216, 95% CI [18-2571]; and OR = 17, 95% CI [3-94]. When included <34 WG, patients with a PlGF level <12 pg/ml experienced a severe adverse outcome in 96% of cases (24/25), and only 1 of 20 patients with a PlGF level >5(th) centile experienced a severe adverse outcome within 15 days (5%).Among women with suspected preeclampsia or IUGR, PlGF helps identify women who will experience an adverse outcome and those who will not within a time period of 15 days.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Association between prenatal exposure to antiretroviral therapy and birth defects

Jeanne Sibiude / Laurent Mandelbrot / Stéphane Blanche / Jérôme Le Chenadec / Naima Boullag-Bonnet / Albert Faye / Catherine Dollfus / Roland Tubiana / Damien Bonnet / Nathalie Lelong / Babak Khoshnood / Josiane Warszawski

PLoS Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 4, p e

an analysis of the French perinatal cohort study (ANRS CO1/CO11).

2014 Volume 1001635

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has major benefits during pregnancy, both for maternal health and to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Safety issues, including teratogenic risk, need to be evaluated. We estimated the prevalence of ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has major benefits during pregnancy, both for maternal health and to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Safety issues, including teratogenic risk, need to be evaluated. We estimated the prevalence of birth defects in children born to HIV-infected women receiving ART during pregnancy, and assessed the independent association of birth defects with each antiretroviral (ARV) drug used. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The French Perinatal Cohort prospectively enrolls HIV-infected women delivering in 90 centers throughout France. Children are followed by pediatricians until 2 y of age according to national guidelines. We included 13,124 live births between 1994 and 2010, among which, 42% (n = 5,388) were exposed to ART in the first trimester of pregnancy. Birth defects were studied using both European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) and Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) classifications; associations with ART were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Correction for multiple comparisons was not performed because the analyses were based on hypotheses emanating from previous findings in the literature and the robustness of the findings of the current study. The prevalence of birth defects was 4.4% (95% CI 4.0%-4.7%), according to the EUROCAT classification. In multivariate analysis adjusting for other ARV drugs, maternal age, geographical origin, intravenous drug use, and type of maternity center, a significant association was found between exposure to zidovudine in the first trimester and congenital heart defects: 2.3% (74/3,267), adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.7), p = 0.003, absolute risk difference attributed to zidovudine +1.2% (95% CI +0.5; +1.9%). Didanosine and indinavir were associated with head and neck defects, respectively: 0.5%, AOR = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1-10.4), p = 0.04; 0.9%, AOR = 3.8 (95% CI 1.1-13.8), p = 0.04. We found a significant association between efavirenz and neurological defects (n ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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