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Article ; Online: Concurrent replacement of four major joints in a woman with advanced rheumatoid arthritis.

Tripathy, Sujit K / Jain, Mantu / Varghese, Paulson / Jena, Sritam

BMJ case reports

2024 Volume 17, Issue 2

Abstract: We report a case of a woman in her mid-40s with advanced rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with bilateral hip and knee joint involvement, who underwent a one-stage quadruple joint arthroplasty during a single session of anaesthesia. Chronic RA had severely ... ...

Abstract	We report a case of a woman in her mid-40s with advanced rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with bilateral hip and knee joint involvement, who underwent a one-stage quadruple joint arthroplasty during a single session of anaesthesia. Chronic RA had severely incapacitated her, necessitating this uncommon surgical intervention. The surgical approach involved sequential bilateral total hip and knee replacements, which were completed within 180 min with a cumulative blood loss of 950 mL. The patient showed significant improvement with rapid mobilisation and regained joint function postoperatively. At 8 months post-surgery, the patient resumed her daily activities, showcasing the potential benefits and positive outcomes of quadruple joint arthroplasty in selected RA patients. This case, only the second documented globally, highlights the complexities and possibilities surrounding a single-stage quadruple joint arthroplasty in advanced RA.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Knee Joint/surgery ; Movement ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2023-258214
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Article: Anesthetic challenges in the management of Larsen syndrome: A rare congenital anomaly.

Das, Subhasree / Panda, Aparajita / Jena, Sritam S / Jain, Mantu

Saudi journal of anaesthesia

2023 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–86

Abstract: Larsen syndrome is a rare inherited disease associated with dislocations of multiple joints, typical syndromic facies, and multiple spine abnormalities. They often required multiple corrective orthopedic surgeries to regain their functional ability, thus ...

Abstract	Larsen syndrome is a rare inherited disease associated with dislocations of multiple joints, typical syndromic facies, and multiple spine abnormalities. They often required multiple corrective orthopedic surgeries to regain their functional ability, thus needing repeated anesthesia. Apart from skeletal deformities, they have predicted difficult airway and need extreme care during intubation and positing of the patient. Abnormal posturing due to spinal deformity and poor pulmonary reserve due to kyphoscoliosis creates an extremely challenging situation for the anesthetist to manage the case during the perioperative period. Here we are describing the perioperative anesthetic management of a patient with Larsen syndrome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-02
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2562174-9
ISSN	0975-3125 ; 1658-354X
ISSN (online)	0975-3125
ISSN	1658-354X
DOI	10.4103/sja.sja_518_22
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Article: Oral Midodrine as an Adjunct in Rapid Weaning of Intravenous Vasopressor Support in Spinal Cord Injury.

Sekar, Arunkumar / Datta, Debajyoti / Lakha, Avinash / Jena, Sritam Swaroop / Bansal, Sumit / Sahu, Rabi Narayan

Asian journal of neurosurgery

2023 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 306–311

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2621446-5
ISSN	2248-9614 ; 1793-5482
ISSN (online)	2248-9614
ISSN	1793-5482
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1769755
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Prophylactic Steroids on Shivering in Adults Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Misra, Satyajeet / Singh, Sweta / Sarkar, Soumya / Behera, Bikram Kishore / Jena, Sritam Swarup

Anesthesia and analgesia

2023 Volume 137, Issue 2, Page(s) 332–344

Abstract: Background: Shivering is common following anesthesia and surgery. Corticosteroids (steroids) have been tried to reduce the risk of shivering, but the evidence in favor of their use is uncertain. The primary objective of this review was to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Shivering is common following anesthesia and surgery. Corticosteroids (steroids) have been tried to reduce the risk of shivering, but the evidence in favor of their use is uncertain. The primary objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of steroids on the risk of perioperative (intra- and postoperative) shivering versus controls (placebo and active controls). Additional objectives were to assess the risk of severity of shivering, patient satisfaction with shivering prophylaxis, quality of recovery (QoR), and the risk of steroid-related adverse effects. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials, Google Scholar, and preprint servers were searched from inception until November 30, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the English language were retrieved, provided they reported on shivering either as a primary or secondary outcome following steroid prophylaxis in adult patients undergoing surgery under spinal or general anesthesia. Results: A total of 3148 patients from 25 RCTs were included in the final analysis. The steroids used in the studies were either dexamethasone or hydrocortisone. Dexamethasone was administered intravenously or intrathecally, while hydrocortisone was administered intravenously. Prophylactic administration of steroids reduced the risk of overall shivering (risk ratio [RR], 0.65 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.52-0.82]; P = .0002; I2 = 77%) as well as the risk of moderate to severe shivering (RR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.34-0.71]; P = .0002; I2 = 61%) in comparison to controls. Administration of intravenous dexamethasone (RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52-0.87]; P = .002; I2 = 78%) and hydrocortisone (RR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.32-0.80]; P = .003; I2 = 58%) were effective in shivering prophylaxis. For intrathecal dexamethasone (RR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.34-2.08]; P = .7; I2 = 56%), the null hypothesis of no subgroup difference was not rejected ( P = .47), preventing definitive conclusions about the efficacy of this route of administration. The prediction intervals for both overall shivering risk (0.24-1.70) and risk of severity of shivering (0.23-1.0) precluded generalization of results in future studies. Meta-regression analysis was used to further explore heterogeneity. Factors like the dose and timing of administration of steroids or the type of anesthesia were not found to be significant. Patient satisfaction and QoR were higher in the dexamethasone groups versus placebo. No increased risk of adverse events of steroids was noted versus placebo or controls. Conclusions: Prophylactic steroid administration may be beneficial in reducing the risk of perioperative shivering. However, the quality of evidence in favor of steroids is very low. Further well-designed studies are needed for establishing generalization.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; Hydrocortisone ; Shivering ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Steroids ; Dexamethasone/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ) ; Steroids ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80032-6
ISSN	1526-7598 ; 0003-2999
ISSN (online)	1526-7598
ISSN	0003-2999
DOI	10.1213/ANE.0000000000006578
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Zs.MO 149: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative bowel function recovery in adult patients receiving general anesthesia.

Behera, Bikram K / Misra, Satyajeet / Jena, Sritam S / Mohanty, Chitta R

Minerva anestesiologica

2021 Volume 88, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 51–61

Abstract: Background: Dexmedetomidine has opioid sparing actions but its effect on bowel recovery is controversial. Primary aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative bowel recovery. Secondary aim was to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dexmedetomidine has opioid sparing actions but its effect on bowel recovery is controversial. Primary aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative bowel recovery. Secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on hospital discharge. Evidence acquisition: Randomized controlled trials in English language reporting any or all of the following parameters of bowel recovery; time to first bowel sounds, first flatus, first feces, or time to oral diet were included. Evidence synthesis: Twelve hundred and thirty-five patients from 13 studies were analyzed. There were insufficient studies evaluating bowel sounds. Perioperative dexmedetomidine usage significantly reduced the time to first flatus [MD -5.61 h (95% CI: -8.61 to -2.60); P=0.0003; I Conclusions: Perioperative dexmedetomidine usage significantly shortens the time to first flatus, feces and composite bowel recovery but does not result in a shorter time to oral diet or earlier hospital discharge in adult patients receiving general anesthesia. Strength of evidence is however very low for the effect of dexmedetomidine on bowel recovery.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia, General ; Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intestines ; Pain, Postoperative ; Recovery of Function
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-16
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123584-9
ISSN	1827-1596 ; 0026-4717 ; 0375-9393
ISSN (online)	1827-1596
ISSN	0026-4717 ; 0375-9393
DOI	10.23736/S0375-9393.21.15773-6
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Zs.A 516: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 192: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Postoperative Pain Relief Following Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Sarkar, Satyaki / Jena, Sritam Swarup / Nayak, Prasant / Mitra, Jayanta Kumar

Urology

2021 Volume 160, Page(s) 69–74

Abstract: Objective: To test whether lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) provides superior analgesia compared to placebo in patients undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), using reduction in postoperative opioid consumption, delay in rescue ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To test whether lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) provides superior analgesia compared to placebo in patients undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), using reduction in postoperative opioid consumption, delay in rescue analgesia demand and reduction of pain scores as outcome measures. Methods: 34 adult (18-60 years) ASA I and II patients undergoing unilateral PCNL were randomized into two groups (Bupivacaine and Saline) - both receiving ipsilateral ESPB at L1 vertebral level with either 20 ml 0.25% Inj. Bupivacaine or 20 ml normal saline respectively, at the start of the surgery under general anesthesia. The primary outcome measure was total 24-hour rescue opioid analgesic requirement, while time to first demand of rescue analgesic and pain scores at 2, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively were secondary outcomes. Results: The 24-hour requirement of rescue analgesic Tramadol was significantly lower (53.5 ± 29.6 vs 121.2 ± 51.1 mg) [mean ± SD] (P = .001) and time to first demand of rescue analgesia was more (14.1 ± 8.4 vs 6.0 ± 5.6 hours) [mean ± SD] (P = .001) in the Bupivacaine group as compared to placebo. The pain scores were significantly lower in the Bupivacaine group at 12-hour post-operatively [4 (3,4) vs 5.5 (5,6)] [median (IQR)] (P = .001), while the stone-load, surgical duration and intraoperative opioid use were comparable between the two groups and no block-related complications were noted in any patient. Conclusion: Post-PCNL, ipsilateral lumbar ESPB reduced 24-hour opioid consumption and delayed time to demand for rescue analgesia as compared to placebo.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Bupivacaine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous/adverse effects ; Nerve Block ; Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Bupivacaine (Y8335394RO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	192062-5
ISSN	1527-9995 ; 0090-4295
ISSN (online)	1527-9995
ISSN	0090-4295
DOI	10.1016/j.urology.2021.10.006
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Zs.A 1142: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 275: Show issues

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Article: Oral Midodrine as an Adjunct in Rapid Weaning of Intravenous Vasopressor Support in Spinal Cord Injury

Sekar, Arunkumar / Datta, Debajyoti / Lakha, Avinash / Jena, Sritam Swaroop / Bansal, Sumit / Sahu, Rabi Narayan

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery

2023

Abstract: Background: Majority of acute cervical spinal cord injury end up requiring long-term stay in intensive care unit (ICU). During the initial few days after spinal cord injury, most patients are hemodynamically unstable requiring intravenous vasopressors. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Majority of acute cervical spinal cord injury end up requiring long-term stay in intensive care unit (ICU). During the initial few days after spinal cord injury, most patients are hemodynamically unstable requiring intravenous vasopressors. However, many studies have noted that long-term intravenous vasopressors remain the main reason for prolongation of ICU stay. In this series, we report the effect of using oral midodrine in reducing the amount and duration of intravenous vasopressors in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury. Materials and Methods: Five adult patients with cervical spinal cord injury after initial evaluation and surgical stabilization are assessed for the need for intravenous vasopressors. If patients continue to need intravenous vasopressors for more than 24 hours, they were started on oral midodrine. Its effect on weaning of intravenous vasopressors was assessed. Results: Patients with systemic and intracranial injury were excluded from the study. Midodrine helped in weaning of intravenous vasopressors in the first 24 to 48 hours and helped in complete weaning of intravenous vasopressors. The rate of reduction was between 0.5 and 2.0 µg/min. Conclusion: Oral midodrine does have an effect in reduction of intravenous vasopressors for patients needing prolonged support after cervical spine injury. The real extent of this effect needs to be studied with collaboration of multiple centers dealing with spinal injuries. The approach seems to be a viable alternative to rapidly wean intravenous vasopressors and reduce duration of ICU stay.
Keywords	cervical spine injury ; neurogenic shock ; neurointensive care ; refractory hypotension ; spinal cord injury
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2621446-5
ISSN	2248-9614 ; 1793-5482 ; 2248-9614
ISSN (online)	2248-9614
ISSN	1793-5482 ; 2248-9614
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1769755
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Article ; Online: Myocardial Protection in Adult Cardiac Surgery With del Nido Versus Blood Cardioplegia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Misra, Satyajeet / Srinivasan, Anand / Jena, Sritam Swarup / Bellapukonda, Snigdha

Heart, lung & circulation

2020 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 642–655

Abstract: Background: Myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery is commonly achieved with either multidose blood cardioplegia or single-dose del Nido crystalloid cardioplegia.: Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery is commonly achieved with either multidose blood cardioplegia or single-dose del Nido crystalloid cardioplegia. Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes of del Nido cardioplegia versus blood cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery. Method: All English-language articles were searched in MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar up to March 2020, to identify randomised control trials, prospective observational studies, and retrospective analyses (with or without propensity matching) reporting any or all of the primary and secondary endpoints. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamp (AoX) time; cardioplegia volume; need for defibrillation after AoX release; intraoperative glucose; postoperative myocardial enzyme release; postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, and low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS); postoperative blood transfusion; duration of mechanical ventilation; and length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. Results: Twenty-nine (29) studies were included. There was no difference in the primary outcome of mortality between the two groups (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.72 [p=0.37]). del Nido cardioplegia was associated with significantly shorter CPB (mean difference [MD], -7.42 minutes; 95% CI, -12.53 to -2.31 [p=0.004]) and AoX times (MD, -6.39 minutes; 95% CI, -10.30 to -2.48 [p=0.001]), and lower cardioplegia volumes. Significantly fewer patients required defibrillation after AoX release in the del Nido group. Intraoperative glucose homeostasis was better preserved in the del Nido group. Postoperative cardiac troponin T release and the number of patients needing transfusions were less in the del Nido group. No differences were seen in postoperative LVEF, or in the incidence of AKI, stroke, AF, and LCOS. Duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU and hospital stay were similar. Conclusions: Although this meta-analysis failed to find any mortality benefits with del Nido cardioplegia, significant benefits were seen in a number of intraoperative and postoperative variables. del Nido cardioplegia is a safe and favourable alternative to blood cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Cardioplegic Solutions ; Heart Arrest, Induced ; Humans ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left
Chemical Substances	Cardioplegic Solutions
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-17
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2020980-0
ISSN	1444-2892 ; 1443-9506
ISSN (online)	1444-2892
ISSN	1443-9506
DOI	10.1016/j.hlc.2020.10.016
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Article ; Online: "Enhanced recovery after surgery - ERAS in elective craniotomies-a non-randomized controlled trial".

Elayat, Anirudh / Jena, Sritam S / Nayak, Sukdev / Sahu, R N / Tripathy, Swagata

BMC neurology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 127

Abstract: Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative care bundle aimed at the early recovery of patients. Well accepted in gastric and pelvic surgeries, there is minimal evidence in neurosurgery and neurocritical care barring ...

Abstract	Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative care bundle aimed at the early recovery of patients. Well accepted in gastric and pelvic surgeries, there is minimal evidence in neurosurgery and neurocritical care barring spinal surgeries. We wished to compare the length of intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit (HDU) stay of patients undergoing elective craniotomy for supratentorial neurosurgery: ERAS protocol versus routine care. The secondary objective was to compare the postoperative pain scores, opioid use, glycemic control, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. Methods: In this pragmatic non-randomized controlled trial (CTRI/2017/07/015451), consenting adult patients scheduled for elective supratentorial intracranial tumor excision were enrolled prospectively after institutional ethical clearance and consent. Elements-of-care in the ERAS group were- Preoperative -family education, complex-carbohydrate drink, flupiritine; Intraoperative - scalp blocks, limited opioids, rigorous fluid and temperature regulation; Postoperative- flupiritine, early mobilization, removal of catheters, and initiation of feeds. Apart from these, all perioperative protocols and management strategies were similar between groups. The two groups were compared with regards to the length of ICU stay, pain scores in ICU, opioid requirement, glycemic control, and hospital stay duration. The decision for discharge from ICU and hospital, data collection, and analysis was by independent assessors blind to the patient group. Results: Seventy patients were enrolled. Baseline demographics - age, sex, tumor volume, and comorbidities were comparable between the groups. The proportion of patients staying in the ICU for less than 48 h after surgery, the cumulative insulin requirement, and the episodes of VAS scores > 4 in the first 48 h after surgery was significantly less in the ERAS group - 40.6% vs. 65.7%, 0.6 (±2.5) units vs. 3.6 (±8.1) units, and one vs. ten episodes (p = 0.04, 0.001, 0.004 respectively). The total hospital stay was similar in both groups. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant reduction in the proportion of patients requiring ICU/ HDU stay > 48 h. Better pain and glycemic control in the postoperative period may have contributed to a decreased stay. More extensive randomized studies may be designed to confirm these results. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India ( CTRI/2018/04/013247 ), registered retrospectively on April 2018.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Craniotomy/methods ; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2377
ISSN (online)	1471-2377
DOI	10.1186/s12883-021-02150-7
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Article ; Online: Subanesthetic intravenous ketamine vs. caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries: a non-inferiority randomized, single-blind controlled trial.

Sahoo, Alok Kumar / Misra, Satyajeet / Behera, Bikram Kishore / Srinivasan, Anand / Jena, Sritam Swarup / Mohanty, Manoj Kumar

Korean journal of anesthesiology

2021 Volume 75, Issue 2, Page(s) 178–184

Abstract: Background: Subanesthetic intravenous (IV) ketamine acts as an analgesic and has opioid-sparing effects, particularly for acute postoperative pain; however, its effectiveness in children is understudied. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the ...

Abstract	Background: Subanesthetic intravenous (IV) ketamine acts as an analgesic and has opioid-sparing effects, particularly for acute postoperative pain; however, its effectiveness in children is understudied. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the non-inferiority of subanesthetic IV ketamine vs. caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing infraumbilical surgery. Methods: Children aged < 6 years were enrolled in this single-blind study and randomized to receive either subanesthetic IV ketamine (0.3 mg/kg) or caudal 0.125% bupivacaine (1 ml/kg) along with general anesthesia. Postoperative pain was assessed using the FLACC scale at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, and 6 h post-operation. Intra- and postoperative opioid consumption, time to extubation, postoperative vomiting, agitation, sedation, and inflammatory markers were also assessed. Results: Altogether, 141 children completed the study (ketamine group: n = 71, caudal group: n = 70) The cumulative proportion of children without significant postoperative pain (FLACC score < 4) in the first 6 h post-surgery was 45.1% in the ketamine group vs. 72.9% in the caudal group (P < 0.001). More children in the ketamine group required an additional dose of intraoperative fentanyl (33.8% vs. 5.7%, P < 0.001) and postoperative tramadol (54.9% vs. 27.1%, P < 0.001). However, postoperative agitation, sedation, and other secondary outcomes were similar between the groups. Conclusions: Subanesthetic ketamine is inferior to caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children aged < 6 years undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries; however, other postoperative outcomes are similar.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine ; Child ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Single-Blind Method
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Local ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H) ; Bupivacaine (Y8335394RO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-04
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2557340-8
ISSN	2005-7563 ; 2005-7563
ISSN (online)	2005-7563
ISSN	2005-7563
DOI	10.4097/kja.21373
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