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Article: Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms and Risk Factors for Carriage among Patients Transferred from Long-Term Care Facilities.

Jeong, Hyeongseok / Kang, Seonghui / Cho, Hyun Jung

2020 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–193

Abstract: Background: Patient transport between acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) plays a significant role in microbial migration. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the colonization of multidrug- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Patient transport between acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) plays a significant role in microbial migration. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the colonization of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among patients transferred from LTCFs. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records to examine the colonization of MDROs. All patients who were transferred from LTCFs and admitted to an acute care hospital with 800 beds in Daejeon between March 2018 and February 2019 were included in the study. We surveyed rectal cultures and nasal swabs obtained for screening vancomycin-resistant Results: Four hundred and fifteen patients from 86 LTCFs were enrolled. A total of 31.1% (130/415) of participants carried MDROs; VRE colonization was detected in 17.1% (71/415) of participants, and MRSA colonization was shown in 19.5% (81/415) of participants. No CRE was isolated. Previous use of antibiotics within three months [odds ratio (OR) 2.28; (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30 - 4.00), Conclusion: Our study showed that a third of patients transferred from LTCFs carried VRE or MRSA, and prior antibiotic therapy was highly associated with the carriage of MDROs, which suggested more efficient management approaches for high-risk patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-29
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573798-3
ISSN	2093-2340
ISSN	2093-2340
DOI	10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.183
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Article: Corrigendum: Differential association of viral dynamics with disease severity depending on patients' age group in COVID-19.

Kim, Yuri / Cheon, Shinhyea / Jeong, Hyeongseok / Park, Uni / Ha, Na-Young / Lee, Jooyeon / Sohn, Kyung Mok / Kim, Yeon-Sook / Cho, Nam-Hyuk

Frontiers in microbiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1178685

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712260.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712260.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1178685
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Article ; Online: Distinctive Dynamics and Functions of the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Population in Patients with Severe and Mild COVID-19.

Nam, Heejin / Koh, June-Young / Jung, Jae Hyung / Jeong, Hyeongseok / Jeong, Hye Won / Cheon, Shinhye / Park, Su-Hyung / Kim, Yeon-Sook / Shin, Eui-Cheol

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2023 Volume 210, Issue 11, Page(s) 1687–1699

Abstract: Although CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells have been studied in patients with COVID-19, changes in the TREG cell population have not been longitudinally examined during the course of COVID-19. In this study, we longitudinally investigated the ... ...

Abstract	Although CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells have been studied in patients with COVID-19, changes in the TREG cell population have not been longitudinally examined during the course of COVID-19. In this study, we longitudinally investigated the quantitative and qualitative changes in the TREG cell population in patients with COVID-19. We found that the frequencies of total TREG cells and CD45RA-FOXP3hi activated TREG cells were significantly increased 15-28 d postsymptom onset in severe patients, but not in mild patients. TREG cells from severe patients exhibited not only increased proliferation but also enhanced apoptosis, suggesting functional derangement of the TREG cell population during severe COVID-19. The suppressive functions of the TREG cell population did not differ between patients with severe versus mild COVID-19. The frequency of TREG cells inversely correlated with SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production by CD4+ T cells and their polyfunctionality in patients with mild disease, suggesting that TREG cells are major regulators of virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses during mild COVID-19. However, such correlations were not observed in patients with severe disease. Thus, in this study, we describe distinctive changes in the TREG cell population in patients with severe and mild COVID-19. Our study provides a deep understanding of host immune responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in regard to TREG cells.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; Forkhead Transcription Factors
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; FOXP3 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.2200290
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Article: Differential Association of Viral Dynamics With Disease Severity Depending on Patients' Age Group in COVID-19.

Kim, Yuri / Cheon, Shinhyea / Jeong, Hyeongseok / Park, Uni / Ha, Na-Young / Lee, Jooyeon / Sohn, Kyung Mok / Kim, Yeon-Sook / Cho, Nam-Hyuk

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 712260

Abstract: Despite a clear association of patient's age with COVID-19 severity, there has been conflicting data on the association of viral load with disease severity. Here, we investigated the association of viral load dynamics with patient's age and severity of ... ...

Abstract	Despite a clear association of patient's age with COVID-19 severity, there has been conflicting data on the association of viral load with disease severity. Here, we investigated the association of viral load dynamics with patient's age and severity of COVID-19 using a set of respiratory specimens longitudinally collected (mean: 4.8 times/patient) from 64 patients with broad distribution of clinical severity and age during acute phase. Higher viral burden was positively associated with inflammatory responses, as assessed by IL-6, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients' plasma collected on the same day, primarily in the younger cohort (≤59 years old) and in mild cases of all ages, whereas these were barely detectable in elderly patients (≥60 years old) with critical disease. In addition, viral load dynamics in elderly patients were not significantly different between mild and critical cases, even though more enhanced inflammation was consistently observed in the elderly group when compared to the younger group during the acute phase of infection. The positive correlation of viral load with disease severity in younger patients may explain the increased therapeutic responsiveness to current antiviral drugs and neutralizing antibody therapies in younger patients compared to elderly patients. More careful intervention against aging-associated inflammation might be required to mitigate severe disease progression and reduce fatality in COVID-19 patients more than 60 years old.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.712260
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Article: Experimental and Mathematical Optimization of a Pooling Test for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a Population with Low Viral Load.

Jeong, Hyeongseok / Lee, Jooyeon / Cheon, Shinhye / Sohn, Kyung Mok / Kim, Jungok / Kym, Sungmin / Kim, Yeon Sook

Infection & chemotherapy

2021 Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) 118–127

Abstract: Background: A pooling test is a useful tool for mass screening of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the pandemic era. We aimed to optimize a simple two-step pooling test by estimating the optimal pool size using experimental and mathematical ... ...

Abstract	Background: A pooling test is a useful tool for mass screening of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the pandemic era. We aimed to optimize a simple two-step pooling test by estimating the optimal pool size using experimental and mathematical validation. Materials and methods: Experimental pools were created by mixing one positive respiratory sample with various numbers of negative samples. We selected positive samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values greater than 32 to validate the efficiency of the pooling test assuming a high likelihood of false-negative results due to low viral loads. The positivities of the experimental pools were investigated with a single reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the U-TOP™ COVID-19 Detection Kit Plus (Seasun Biomaterials, Daejeon, Korea). We used the Dorfman equation to calculate the optimal size of a pooling test mathematically. Results: Viral RNA could be detected in a pool with a size up to 11, even if the Ct value of a positive sample was about 35. The Dorfman equation showed that the optimal number of samples in a pool was 11 when the prevalence was assumed to be 0.66% based on the test positivity in Daejeon, Korea from April 1, 2020 to November 10, 2020. The efficiency of the pooling test was 6.2, which can save 83.9 of 100 individual tests. Conclusion: Eleven samples in a pool were validated optimal experimentally assuming a prevalence of 0.66%. The pool size needs modification as the pandemic progresses; thus, the prevalence should be carefully estimated before pooling tests are conducted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-18
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573798-3
ISSN	2093-2340
ISSN	2093-2340
DOI	10.3947/ic.2021.0005
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Article ; Online: Dysregulated thrombospondin 1 and miRNA-29a-3p in severe COVID-19.

Kim, In Soo / Lee, Sung-Gwon / Shin, Seul Gi / Jeong, Hyeongseok / Sohn, Kyung Mok / Park, Ki-Sun / Silwal, Prashanta / Cheon, Shinhye / Kim, Jungok / Kym, Sungmin / Kim, Yeon-Sook / Jo, Eun-Kyeong / Park, Chungoo

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 21227

Abstract: Although nearly a fifth of symptomatic COVID-19 patients suffers from severe pulmonary inflammation, the mechanism of developing severe illness is not yet fully understood. To identify significantly altered genes in severe COVID-19, we generated ... ...

Abstract	Although nearly a fifth of symptomatic COVID-19 patients suffers from severe pulmonary inflammation, the mechanism of developing severe illness is not yet fully understood. To identify significantly altered genes in severe COVID-19, we generated messenger RNA and micro-RNA profiling data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five COVID-19 patients (2 severe and 3 mild patients) and three healthy controls (HC). For further evaluation, two publicly available RNA-Seq datasets (GSE157103 and GSE152418) and one single-cell RNA-Seq dataset (GSE174072) were employed. Based on RNA-Seq datasets, thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) and interleukin-17 receptor A (IL17RA) were significantly upregulated in severe COVID-19 patients' blood. From single-cell RNA-sequencing data, IL17RA level is increased in monocytes and neutrophils, whereas THBS1 level is mainly increased in the platelets. Moreover, we identified three differentially expressed microRNAs in severe COVID-19 using micro-RNA sequencings. Intriguingly, hsa-miR-29a-3p significantly downregulated in severe COVID-19 was predicted to bind the 3'-untranslated regions of both IL17RA and THBS1 mRNAs. Further validation analysis of our cohort (8 HC, 7 severe and 8 mild patients) showed that THBS1, but not IL17RA, was significantly upregulated, whereas hsa-miR-29a-3p was downregulated, in PBMCs from severe patients. These findings strongly suggest that dysregulated expression of THBS1, IL17RA, and hsa-miR-29a-3p involves severe COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Thrombospondin 1/genetics ; COVID-19/genetics ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; MicroRNAs/genetics
Chemical Substances	Thrombospondin 1 ; MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-23533-x
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Article: Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Efficient and Safe Evaluation of Patients with Mild COVID-19.

Jeong, Hyeongseok / Lee, Jooyeon / Kim, Jungok / Choen, Shinhye / Sohn, Kyung Mok / Kim, Yeon Sook / Kiem, Sungmin

Infection & chemotherapy

2020 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 212–215

Abstract: As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 continues and the number of confirmed cases requiring isolation increases, there is a need for a safe and efficient system to assess patients' condition. We developed and evaluated a self-assessment ... ...

Abstract	As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 continues and the number of confirmed cases requiring isolation increases, there is a need for a safe and efficient system to assess patients' condition. We developed and evaluated a self-assessment questionnaire consisting of 23 symptoms with linear-scale scores from 0 to 10. Patients were asked to indicate their worst score for each symptom daily, and medical personnel assessed clinical improvement or deterioration based on the changes in scores. Focused communication on severity of specific symptoms was the primary advantage for the clinicians, and a thorough check for their symptoms was helpful for patients.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573798-3
ISSN	2093-2340
ISSN	2093-2340
DOI	10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.212
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Article ; Online: Abnormality in the NK-cell population is prolonged in severe COVID-19 patients.

Leem, Galam / Cheon, Shinhye / Lee, Hoyoung / Choi, Seong Jin / Jeong, Seongju / Kim, Eui-Soon / Jeong, Hye Won / Jeong, Hyeongseok / Park, Su-Hyung / Kim, Yeon-Sook / Shin, Eui-Cheol

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2021 Volume 148, Issue 4, Page(s) 996–1006.e18

Abstract: Background: Our understanding of adaptive immune responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving, but information on the innate immune responses by natural killer (NK) cells is still insufficient.: Objective: We ... ...

Abstract	Background: Our understanding of adaptive immune responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving, but information on the innate immune responses by natural killer (NK) cells is still insufficient. Objective: We aimed to examine the phenotypic and functional status of NK cells and their changes during the course of mild and severe COVID-19. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing and flow cytometric analysis of NK cells from patients with mild and severe COVID-19 at multiple time points in the course of the disease using cryopreserved PBMCs. Results: In RNA-sequencing analysis, the NK cells exhibited distinctive features compared with healthy donors, with significant enrichment of proinflammatory cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. Intriguingly, we found that the unconventional CD56 Conclusions: The current longitudinal study provides a deep understanding of the NK-cell biology in COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/pathology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; RNA-Seq ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.022
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Article: Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Efficient and Safe Evaluation of Patients with Mild COVID-19

Jeong, Hyeongseok / Lee, Jooyeon / Kim, Jungok / Choen, Shinhye / Sohn, Kyung Mok / Kim, Yeon Sook / Kiem, Sungmin

Infection & chemotherapy

Abstract: As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 continues and the number of confirmed cases requiring isolation increases, there is a need for a safe and efficient system to assess patients' condition We developed and evaluated a self-assessment ... ...

Abstract	As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 continues and the number of confirmed cases requiring isolation increases, there is a need for a safe and efficient system to assess patients' condition We developed and evaluated a self-assessment questionnaire consisting of 23 symptoms with linear-scale scores from 0 to 10 Patients were asked to indicate their worst score for each symptom daily, and medical personnel assessed clinical improvement or deterioration based on the changes in scores Focused communication on severity of specific symptoms was the primary advantage for the clinicians, and a thorough check for their symptoms was helpful for patients
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #632171
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 Patients Upregulate Toll-like Receptor 4-mediated Inflammatory Signaling That Mimics Bacterial Sepsis.

Sohn, Kyung Mok / Lee, Sung Gwon / Kim, Hyeon Ji / Cheon, Shinhyea / Jeong, Hyeongseok / Lee, Jooyeon / Kim, In Soo / Silwal, Prashanta / Kim, Young Jae / Paik, Seungwha / Chung, Chaeuk / Park, Chungoo / Kim, Yeon Sook / Jo, Eun Kyeong

Journal of Korean medical science

2020 Volume 35, Issue 38, Page(s) e343

Abstract: Background: Observational studies of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak suggest that a 'cytokine storm' is involved in the pathogenesis of severe illness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the altered pathological ... ...

Abstract	Background: Observational studies of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak suggest that a 'cytokine storm' is involved in the pathogenesis of severe illness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the altered pathological inflammation in COVID-19 are largely unknown. We report here that toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated inflammatory signaling molecules are upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients, compared with healthy controls (HC). Methods: A total of 48 subjects including 28 COVID-19 patients (8 severe/critical vs. 20 mild/moderate cases) admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital, and age/sex-matched 20 HC were enrolled in this study. PBMCs from the subjects were processed for nCounter Human Immunology gene expression assay to analyze the immune related transcriptome profiles. Recombinant proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were used to stimulate the PBMCs and monocyte-derived macrophages, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the mRNA expressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Results: Among the most highly increased inflammatory mediators in severe/critically ill patients, S100A9, an alarmin and TLR4 ligand, was found as a noteworthy biomarker, because it inversely correlated with the serum albumin levels. We also observed that recombinant S2 and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and S100A9 in human primary PBMCs. Conclusion: These data support a link between TLR4 signaling and pathological inflammation during COVID-19 and contribute to develop therapeutic approaches through targeting TLR4-mediated inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteremia/etiology ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sepsis/etiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/physiology ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	TLR4 protein, human ; Toll-Like Receptor 4
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639262-3
ISSN	1598-6357 ; 1011-8934
ISSN (online)	1598-6357
ISSN	1011-8934
DOI	10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e343
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