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  1. Article ; Online: Outdoor smoking as a nuisance to non-smokers

    Jeroen Bommelé / Bethany Hipple Walters / Saskia van Dorsselaer / Marc C. Willemsen

    Tobacco Prevention and Cessation, Vol 8, Iss February, Pp 1-

    The case for smoke-free outdoor public spaces in dense urban areas

    2022  Volume 9

    Abstract: Introduction Despite the growing number of smoke-free spaces, many non-smokers continue to be involuntarily exposed to secondhand smoke outdoors and on public streets. Both theory and research suggest that people living in densely populated urban areas ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Despite the growing number of smoke-free spaces, many non-smokers continue to be involuntarily exposed to secondhand smoke outdoors and on public streets. Both theory and research suggest that people living in densely populated urban areas are more likely to smoke than those living in less densely populated areas. Consequently, non-smokers in densely populated urban areas might be more likely to be exposed and feel annoyed by secondhand smoke outdoors. We investigated whether the extent to which non-smokers feel annoyed by secondhand smoke exposure in outdoor public spaces is related to urban population density. Methods We used cross-sectional survey data from the Netherlands ‘Module Substance Use’ survey (2020 data, n=9375). This is a nationally representative sample of the adult population in the Netherlands. Using logistic regression models, we investigated whether urban population density predicts both smoking and non-smokers’ annoyance to secondhand smoke exposure outdoors. Results We found that smoking rates were associated with urban population density. In the Netherlands, people living in extremely population-dense urban areas were more likely to smoke than those living in non-urban areas (AOR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.25–2.02, p<0.001). Feeling annoyed by secondhand smoke outdoors was also associated with urban population density: non-smokers living in extremely population-dense urban areas were more likely to be annoyed than respondents living in non-urban areas (AOR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.34–2.02, p<0.001). Conclusions These cross-sectional data highlight the importance of comprehensive local tobacco control policy programs that include creating smoke-free outdoor public spaces. This need for such smoke-free outdoor public spaces might be particularly strong in densely populated areas.
    Keywords smoking ; secondhand smoke ; health geography ; local tobacco control ; urban density ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 720
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher European Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: “If the social circle is engaged, more pregnant women will successfully quit smoking”

    Eefje Willemse / Bethany Hipple Walters / Linda Springvloet / Jeroen Bommelé / Marc C. Willemsen

    BMC Health Services Research, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a qualitative study of the experiences of midwives in the Netherlands with smoking cessation care

    2022  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Background If smoking is common within a pregnant woman’s social circle, she is more likely to smoke and her chances of succeeding in quitting smoking are reduced. It is therefore important to encourage smoking cessation in a pregnant woman’s ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background If smoking is common within a pregnant woman’s social circle, she is more likely to smoke and her chances of succeeding in quitting smoking are reduced. It is therefore important to encourage smoking cessation in a pregnant woman’s social circle. Midwives are ideally positioned to help pregnant women and members of their social circle quit smoking but there is currently little knowledge about if and how midwives approach smoking cessation with pregnant women’s social circles. Methods In 2017 and 2018, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 birth care providers in the Netherlands. Interviews were inductively coded; data were analyzed thematically. Results In the interviews, midwives reported that they don’t commonly provide smoking cessation support to members of pregnant women’s social circles. The respondents noted that they primarily focused on mothers and weren’t always convinced that advising the partners, family, and friends of pregnant women to quit smoking was their responsibility. Data from the interviews revealed that barriers to giving advice to the social circle included a lack of a trusting relationship with the social circle, concerns about raising the topic and giving unwanted advice on cessation to members of the social circle and a lack of opportunity to discuss smoking. Conclusions Midwives in the Netherlands were reluctant to actively provide smoking cessation advice to the social circle of pregnant women. To overcome barriers to addressing cessation to the social circle, educational programs or new modules for existing programs could be used to improve skills related to discussing smoking. Clear guidelines and protocols on the role of midwives in providing cessation support to the social circle could help midwives overcome ambivalence that they might have.
    Keywords Midwives ; Smoking cessation counselling ; Pregnancy ; Partners ; Social circle ; Qualitative research ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 300 ; 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Does support for smoke-free outdoor spaces increase after implementation?

    Jeroen Bommelé / Sigrid Troelstra / Bethany Hipple Walters / Marc Willemsen

    Tobacco Prevention and Cessation, Vol 6, Iss December, Pp 1-

    A case study of a Dutch research center’s smoke-free campus transition

    2020  Volume 8

    Abstract: Introduction Policymakers may sometimes be reluctant to develop policies for smoke-free outdoor spaces due to concerns about public reaction. In this study, we investigated the support for a smoke-free campus before and after the campus of a Dutch ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Policymakers may sometimes be reluctant to develop policies for smoke-free outdoor spaces due to concerns about public reaction. In this study, we investigated the support for a smoke-free campus before and after the campus of a Dutch research institute became smoke-free. Methods We conducted two surveys among employees to measure the level of support for a smoke-free campus. The first survey (n=129) was conducted 3 months before and the second 13 months after the implementation of a smokefree campus policy (n=134). Results More employees supported the smoke-free campus after (82.1%) than before (64.3%) implementation (OR=2.55; 95% CI: 1.39–4.70; p=0.003). In addition, more employees (75.4%) employees believed it is important to have a smoke-free campus than was the situation before (56.6%) the implementation (OR=2.28; 95% CI: 1.31–3.97; p=0.004). Conclusions This case study adds to the knowledge that support for a smokefree campus increases after implementation of a smoke-free policy. This may encourage other organizations or local governments to create policies for smokefree outdoor spaces.
    Keywords smoke-free outdoor spaces ; implementation ; public support ; smoking ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 028
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher European Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial of a smoking cessation counselling training programme for midwives treating women with functional health illiteracy and low socioeconomic status (PROMISE)

    Jeroen Bommelé / Linda Springvloet / Naïma Abouri / Karianne Djoyoadhiningrat-Hol / Margriet van Laar / Matthijs Blankers

    Trials, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a study protocol

    2020  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Background In the Netherlands, midwives are required to use the ‘V-MIS’ (Minimal Intervention Strategy for Midwives) smoking cessation counselling protocol to help pregnant women quit smoking. This counselling protocol is often poorly ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background In the Netherlands, midwives are required to use the ‘V-MIS’ (Minimal Intervention Strategy for Midwives) smoking cessation counselling protocol to help pregnant women quit smoking. This counselling protocol is often poorly implemented in midwifery practices. It may also be less suitable for pregnant woman with low socioeconomic status or functional health illiteracy. We created an adapted version of the V-MIS protocol that is intended to facilitate implementation in midwifery practices: PROMISE (PROtocol for growing up smokefree using a Minimal smoking cessation Intervention Strategy in the Early stages of life). For this adapted protocol, midwives use carbon monoxide meters, storyboard leaflets, and specific communication techniques for women with functional health illiteracy. They will receive a face-to-face training in using these materials and communication techniques. Methods The effectiveness and implementation of PROMISE will be tested in a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. We will randomise clusters of midwifery practices and departments in hospitals. We will then train them, subsequently, at regular intervals (‘steps’). At each step, practices that will receive training cross over from the control condition to the experimental condition. We will measure how well the PROMISE protocol has been implemented by assessing the rate of pregnant women that received detailed smoking cessation counselling from their midwives (primary outcome). Our secondary target group is pregnant women with functional health illiteracy and low socioeconomic status. Among them, we will assess smoking status and health-related outcome before and after pregnancy. Discussion The PROMISE smoking cessation counselling protocol is intended to help midwives, OB-GYNs, and other obstetrics professionals to support pregnant women with smoking cessation. Trial registration Dutch Trial Registry: NTR 6305/NL6158 . Registered on 20 December 2016.
    Keywords Smoking ; Pregnancy ; Midwifery ; Protocol ; PROMISE ; Randomised controlled trial ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The double-edged relationship between COVID-19 stress and smoking

    Jeroen Bommelé / Petra Hopman / Bethany Hipple Walters / Cloé Geboers / Esther Croes / Geoffrey T. Fong / Anne C. K. Quah / Marc Willemsen

    Tobacco Induced Diseases, Vol 18, Iss July (2020)

    Implications for smoking cessation

    2020  

    Abstract: Introduction Although recent research shows that smokers respond differently to the COVID-19 pandemic, it offers little explanation of why some have increased their smoking, while others decreased it. In this study, we examined a possible explanation for ...

    Abstract Introduction Although recent research shows that smokers respond differently to the COVID-19 pandemic, it offers little explanation of why some have increased their smoking, while others decreased it. In this study, we examined a possible explanation for these different responses: pandemic-related stress. Material and Methods We conducted an online survey among a representative sample of Dutch current smokers from 11–18 May 2020 (n=957). During that period, COVID-19 was six weeks past the (initial) peak of cases and deaths in the Netherlands. Included in the survey were measures of how the COVID-19 pandemic had changed their smoking, if at all (no change, increased smoking, decreased smoking), and a measure of stress due to COVID-19. Results Overall, while 14.1% of smokers reported smoking less due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 18.9% of smokers reported smoking more. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a dose-response effect of stress: smokers who were somewhat stressed were more likely to have either increased (OR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.49–3.78) or reduced (OR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.07–3.05) their smoking. Severely stressed smokers were even more likely to have either increased (OR=3.75; 95% CI: 1.84–7.64) or reduced (OR=3.97; 95% CI: 1.70–9.28) their smoking. Thus, stress was associated with both increased and reduced smoking, independently from perceived difficulty of quitting and level of motivation to quit. Conclusions Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic appears to affect smokers in different ways, some smokers increase their smoking while others decrease it. While boredom and restrictions in movement might have stimulated smoking, the threat of contracting COVID-19 and becoming severely ill might have motivated others to improve their health by quitting smoking. These data highlight the importance of providing greater resources for cessation services and the importance of creating public campaigns to enhance cessation in this dramatic time.
    Keywords covid-19 ; smoking ; stress ; smoking behavior ; the netherlands ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; covid19
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher European Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Prevalence of hardcore smoking in the Netherlands between 2001 and 2012

    Jeroen Bommelé / Gera E. Nagelhout / Marloes Kleinjan / Tim M. Schoenmakers / Marc C. Willemsen / Dike van de Mheen

    BMC Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a test of the hardening hypothesis

    2016  Volume 7

    Abstract: Abstract Background Hardcore smokers are smokers who have smoked for many years and who do not intend to quit smoking. The “hardening hypothesis” states that light smokers are more likely to quit smoking than heavy smokers (such as hardcore smokers). ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Hardcore smokers are smokers who have smoked for many years and who do not intend to quit smoking. The “hardening hypothesis” states that light smokers are more likely to quit smoking than heavy smokers (such as hardcore smokers). Therefore, the prevalence of hardcore smoking among smokers would increase over time. If this is true, the smoking population would become harder to reach with tobacco control measures. In this study we tested the hardening hypothesis. Methods We calculated the prevalence of hardcore smoking in the Netherlands from 2001 to 2012. Smokers were ‘hardcore’ if they a) smoked every day, b) smoked on average 15 cigarettes per day or more, c) had not attempted to quit in the past 12 months, and d) had no intention to quit within 6 months. We used logistic regression models to test whether the prevalence changed over time. We also investigated whether trends differed between educational levels. Results Among smokers, the prevalence of hardcore smoking decreased from 40.8 % in 2001 to 32.2 % in 2012. In the general population, it decreased from 12.2 to 8.2 %. Hardcore smokers were significantly lower educated than non-hardcore smokers. Among the general population, the prevalence of hardcore smoking decreased more among higher educated people than among lower educated people. Conclusions We found no support for the hardening hypothesis in the Netherlands between 2001 and 2012. Instead, the decrease of hardcore smoking among smokers suggests a ‘softening’ of the smoking population.
    Keywords Hardcore smokers ; Prevalence ; Hardening ; Softening ; Trends ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Identifying Subgroups among Hardcore Smokers

    Jeroen Bommelé / Marloes Kleinjan / Tim M Schoenmakers / William J Burk / Regina van den Eijnden / Dike van de Mheen

    PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 7, p e

    a Latent Profile Approach.

    2015  Volume 0133570

    Abstract: Hardcore smokers are smokers who have little to no intention to quit. Previous research suggests that there are distinct subgroups among hardcore smokers and that these subgroups vary in the perceived pros and cons of smoking and quitting. Identifying ... ...

    Abstract Hardcore smokers are smokers who have little to no intention to quit. Previous research suggests that there are distinct subgroups among hardcore smokers and that these subgroups vary in the perceived pros and cons of smoking and quitting. Identifying these subgroups could help to develop individualized messages for the group of hardcore smokers. In this study we therefore used the perceived pros and cons of smoking and quitting to identify profiles among hardcore smokers.A sample of 510 hardcore smokers completed an online survey on the perceived pros and cons of smoking and quitting. We used these perceived pros and cons in a latent profile analysis to identify possible subgroups among hardcore smokers. To validate the profiles identified among hardcore smokers, we analysed data from a sample of 338 non-hardcore smokers in a similar way.We found three profiles among hardcore smokers. 'Receptive' hardcore smokers (36%) perceived many cons of smoking and many pros of quitting. 'Ambivalent' hardcore smokers (59%) were rather undecided towards quitting. 'Resistant' hardcore smokers (5%) saw few cons of smoking and few pros of quitting. Among non-hardcore smokers, we found similar groups of 'receptive' smokers (30%) and 'ambivalent' smokers (54%). However, a third group consisted of 'disengaged' smokers (16%), who saw few pros and cons of both smoking and quitting.Among hardcore smokers, we found three distinct profiles based on perceived pros and cons of smoking. This indicates that hardcore smokers are not a homogenous group. Each profile might require a different tobacco control approach. Our findings may help to develop individualized tobacco control messages for the particularly hard-to-reach group of hardcore smokers.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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