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  1. Article: Neurological pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 and pandemic potential RNA viruses: a comparative analysis

    Chakravarty, Nikhil / Senthilnathan, Thrisha / Paiola, Sophia / Gyani, Priya / Castillo Cario, Sebastian / Urena, Estrella / Jeysankar, Akash / Jeysankar, Prakash / Ignatius Irudayam, Joseph / Natesan Subramanian, Sumathi / Lavretsky, Helen / Joshi, Shantanu / Garcia, Gustavo, Jr / Ramaiah, Arunachalam / Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja

    FEBS letters. 2021 Dec., v. 595, no. 23

    2021  

    Abstract: SARS‐CoV‐2 has infected hundreds of millions of people with over four million dead, resulting in one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. Neurological symptoms associated with COVID‐19 include anosmia, ageusia, headaches, confusion, delirium, ...

    Abstract SARS‐CoV‐2 has infected hundreds of millions of people with over four million dead, resulting in one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. Neurological symptoms associated with COVID‐19 include anosmia, ageusia, headaches, confusion, delirium, and strokes. These may manifest due to viral entry into the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by means of ill‐defined mechanisms. Here, we summarize the abilities of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other neurotropic RNA viruses, including Zika virus and Nipah virus, to cross the BBB into the CNS, highlighting the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing presence and severity of brain structural changes in COVID‐19 patients. We present new insight into key mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2 variants B.1.1.7 (P681H) and B.1.617.2 (P681R), which may impact on neuropilin 1 (NRP1) binding and CNS invasion. We postulate that SARS‐CoV‐2 may infect both peripheral cells capable of crossing the BBB and brain endothelial cells to traverse the BBB and spread into the brain. COVID‐19 patients can be followed up with MRI modalities to better understand the long‐term effects of COVID‐19 on the brain.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Nipah henipavirus ; RNA ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Zika virus ; blood-brain barrier ; brain ; magnetism ; pandemic ; pathophysiology
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Size p. 2854-2871.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note REVIEW
    ZDB-ID 212746-5
    ISSN 1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
    ISSN (online) 1873-3468
    ISSN 0014-5793
    DOI 10.1002/1873-3468.14227
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Neurological pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic potential RNA viruses: a comparative analysis.

    Chakravarty, Nikhil / Senthilnathan, Thrisha / Paiola, Sophia / Gyani, Priya / Castillo Cario, Sebastian / Urena, Estrella / Jeysankar, Akash / Jeysankar, Prakash / Ignatius Irudayam, Joseph / Natesan Subramanian, Sumathi / Lavretsky, Helen / Joshi, Shantanu / Garcia, Gustavo / Ramaiah, Arunachalam / Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja

    FEBS letters

    2021  Volume 595, Issue 23, Page(s) 2854–2871

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has infected hundreds of millions of people with over four million dead, resulting in one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. Neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19 include anosmia, ageusia, headaches, confusion, delirium, ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has infected hundreds of millions of people with over four million dead, resulting in one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. Neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19 include anosmia, ageusia, headaches, confusion, delirium, and strokes. These may manifest due to viral entry into the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by means of ill-defined mechanisms. Here, we summarize the abilities of SARS-CoV-2 and other neurotropic RNA viruses, including Zika virus and Nipah virus, to cross the BBB into the CNS, highlighting the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing presence and severity of brain structural changes in COVID-19 patients. We present new insight into key mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (P681H) and B.1.617.2 (P681R), which may impact on neuropilin 1 (NRP1) binding and CNS invasion. We postulate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect both peripheral cells capable of crossing the BBB and brain endothelial cells to traverse the BBB and spread into the brain. COVID-19 patients can be followed up with MRI modalities to better understand the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the brain.
    MeSH term(s) Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/virology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Henipavirus Infections/genetics ; Henipavirus Infections/metabolism ; Henipavirus Infections/physiopathology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nipah Virus/genetics ; Nipah Virus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Zika Virus/genetics ; Zika Virus/metabolism ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology ; Zika Virus Infection/genetics ; Zika Virus Infection/metabolism ; Zika Virus Infection/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 212746-5
    ISSN 1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
    ISSN (online) 1873-3468
    ISSN 0014-5793
    DOI 10.1002/1873-3468.14227
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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