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Article ; Online: Uncoupled pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion downstream of inflammasome signaling.

Li, Yang / Jiang, Qianzhou

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1128358

Abstract: Inflammasomes are supramolecular platforms that organize in response to various damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Upon activation, inflammasome sensors (with or without the help of ASC) activate caspase-1 ... ...

Abstract	Inflammasomes are supramolecular platforms that organize in response to various damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Upon activation, inflammasome sensors (with or without the help of ASC) activate caspase-1 and other inflammatory caspases that cleave gasdermin D and pro-IL-1β/pro-IL-18, leading to pyroptosis and mature cytokine secretion. Pyroptosis enables intracellular pathogen niche disruption and intracellular content release at the cost of cell death, inducing pro-inflammatory responses in the neighboring cells. IL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory regulator for neutrophil recruitment, macrophage activation, and T-cell expansion. Thus, pyroptosis and cytokine secretion are the two main mechanisms that occur downstream of inflammasome signaling; they maintain homeostasis, drive the innate immune response, and shape adaptive immunity. This review aims to discuss the possible mechanisms, timing, consequences, and significance of the two uncoupling preferences downstream of inflammasome signaling. While pyroptosis and cytokine secretion may be usually coupled, pyroptosis-predominant and cytokine-predominant uncoupling are also observed in a stimulus-, cell type-, or context-dependent manner, contributing to the pathogenesis and development of numerous pathological conditions such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, LPS-induced sepsis, and
MeSH term(s)	Inflammasomes/metabolism ; Pyroptosis/physiology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Caspase 1/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Inflammasomes ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 1 (EC 3.4.22.36)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128358
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Article ; Online: Applications and prospects of 3D printing technology in pulp regeneration

TAN Guozhong / JIANG Qianzhou

口腔疾病防治, Vol 29, Iss 4, Pp 279-

2021 Volume 283

Abstract: In recent years, pulp regeneration has become a research hotspot in the field of stomatology. 3D printing can realize precise control of structure and shape of scaffolds, which provide basis for seed cell adhesion and growth factor release. The 3D ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, pulp regeneration has become a research hotspot in the field of stomatology. 3D printing can realize precise control of structure and shape of scaffolds, which provide basis for seed cell adhesion and growth factor release. The 3D printing "pulp complexes" constructed by 3D printing scaffolds for tissue engineering provides a new direction for pulp regeneration research. This paper reviews the applications of 3D printing technology in pulp regeneration. The results of literature review showed that the scaffold materials, seed cells and growth factors in the 3D printing "pulp complexes" all play an important role in the pulp regeneration research. Among them, the scaffold materials act as carriers to load seed cells and growth factors and provide a suitable microenvironment for them. The common seed cells such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla and stem cells from the human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth can provide the cellular basis for pulp regeneration. Moreover, the introduction of growth factors can further support the differentiation of pulp tissue and the reconstruction of pulp vessels and promote pulp regeneration. At present, the 3D printing "pulp complexes" in the study of dental pulp regeneration has made some progress and can induce the formation of pulp-like tissues in the laboratory. However, preparing 3D-printing "pulp complex" with good biological activity, which integrates biomimetic blood vessels and nerves to supply oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the root canal, remains a huge challenge and still needs further exploration and research.
Keywords	pulp regeneration ; tissue engineering ; 3d printing ; pulp complexes ; scaffold materials ; seed cells ; growth factors ; pulp vascular reconstruction ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	571
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Editorial Department of Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment.

Cai, Chen / Chen, Xuan / Li, Yang / Jiang, Qianzhou

BioMed research international

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 8858283

Abstract: Irrigation of root canal system is of great significance to the success of endodontic treatment, where sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used irrigant in chemical preparation. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving ... ...

Abstract	Irrigation of root canal system is of great significance to the success of endodontic treatment, where sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used irrigant in chemical preparation. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving organic tissue, which may vary according to several factors such as the microbiology of root canal infection and the concentration of the irrigant. It has been proposed that the effectiveness of NaOCl could be enhanced via several methods, including heating the irrigant, applying in conjunction with certain reagents, or activating by agitation techniques. Despite its antibacterial and tissue-dissolving capacities, NaOCl should be used with caution to avoid detrimental effect due to its cytotoxicity and negative effect on dentin properties. In this narrative review, we discussed the factors that affect the properties of NaOCl, the methods to improve its efficacy, and the side effects that might occur in clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry ; Root Canal Preparation/methods ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology ; Root Canal Irrigants/chemistry ; Root Canal Therapy ; Dentin
Chemical Substances	Sodium Hypochlorite (DY38VHM5OD) ; Root Canal Irrigants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2023/8858283
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Article ; Online: Influence of sodium hypochlorite concentration on cavitation effect and fluid dynamics induced by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS): A visualization study.

Cai, Chen / Wen, Cheng / Guan, Lanxi / Huang, Yuting / Jiang, Qianzhou

Lasers in medical science

2022 Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 2537–2544

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the present study was to visualize and compare the cavitation effect and fluid dynamics induced by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with different concentrations as irrigant.: Methods!# ...

Abstract	Purpose: The aim of the present study was to visualize and compare the cavitation effect and fluid dynamics induced by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with different concentrations as irrigant. Methods: Forty artificial root canals were prepared using MTWO Niti file up to size #25/.06. The canals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group). High-speed camera was used to visualize and compare the cavitation effect induced by PIPS in the artificial root canals containing saline or NaOCl. Fluid velocity and Reynolds number of saline, 1%-, 2.5%- and 5.25% NaOCl irrigants induced by PIPS in the apical region were calculated using TEMA 2D software while the fluid motions were recorded. Results: Visualization profile revealed that NaOCl presented a stronger cavitation effect and fluid dynamics than saline during PIPS activation. In the apical region, 1% NaOCl group presented the highest average velocity of 3.868 m/s, followed by 2.5% NaOCl group (3.685 m/s), 5.25% NaOCl group (2.353 m/s) and saline group (1.268 m/s), corresponding to Reynolds number of 1653.173, 1572.196, 995.503 and 477.692. Statistically higher fluid velocity was calculated in 1% and 2.5% NaOCl groups compared to saline group, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of NaOCl and its concentration significantly influence the cavitation effect and fluid dynamics during PIPS activation. 1% and 2.5% NaOCl groups presented a more violent fluid motion in the apical region when activated by PIPS.
MeSH term(s)	Dental Pulp Cavity ; Hydrodynamics ; Photons/therapeutic use ; Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology ; Root Canal Preparation ; Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Root Canal Irrigants ; Sodium Hypochlorite (DY38VHM5OD)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632808-8
ISSN	1435-604X ; 0268-8921
ISSN (online)	1435-604X
ISSN	0268-8921
DOI	10.1007/s10103-022-03535-x
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Article ; Online: Effect of Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF on human calvarial osteoblast apoptosis.

Li, Yang / Sun, Shuyu / Wen, Cheng / Zhong, Jialin / Jiang, Qianzhou

BMC oral health

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 279

Abstract: Background: Enterococcus faecalis is a dominant pathogen in the root canals of teeth with persistent apical periodontitis (PAP), and osteoblast apoptosis contributes to imbalanced bone remodelling in PAP. Here, we investigated the effect of E. faecalis ... ...

Abstract	Background: Enterococcus faecalis is a dominant pathogen in the root canals of teeth with persistent apical periodontitis (PAP), and osteoblast apoptosis contributes to imbalanced bone remodelling in PAP. Here, we investigated the effect of E. faecalis OG1RF on apoptosis in primary human calvarial osteoblasts. Specifically, the expression of apoptosis-related genes and the role of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family were examined. Methods: Primary human calvarial osteoblasts were incubated with E. faecalis OG1RF at multiplicities of infection corresponding to infection time points. Flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, caspase-3/-8/-9 activity assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess osteoblast apoptosis. Results: E. faecalis infection increased the number of early- and late-phase apoptotic cells and TUNEL-positive cells, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and activated the caspase-3/-8/-9 pathway. Moreover, of all 84 apoptosis-related genes in the PCR array, the expression of 16 genes was upregulated and that of four genes was downregulated in the infected osteoblasts. Notably, the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 was downregulated, whereas that of the pro-apoptotic BCL2L11, HRK, BIK, BMF, NOXA, and BECN1 and anti-apoptotic BCL2A1 was upregulated. Conclusions: E. faecalis OG1RF infection triggered apoptosis in human calvarial osteoblasts, and BCL-2 family members acted as regulators of osteoblast apoptosis. Therefore, BCL-2 family members may act as potential therapeutic targets for persistent apical periodontitis.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Periapical Periodontitis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2091511-1
ISSN	1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
ISSN (online)	1472-6831
ISSN	1472-6831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-022-02295-y
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Article ; Online: Biomechanical properties of different endocrown designs on endodontically treated teeth.

Huang, Yuting / Fokkinga, Wietske A / Zhang, Qian / Creugers, Nico H J / Jiang, Qianzhou

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials

2023 Volume 140, Page(s) 105691

Abstract: Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties of different endocrown designs on endodontically treated teeth with an extensive defect in the mesial wall using a three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM).: Methods: Four finite element ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties of different endocrown designs on endodontically treated teeth with an extensive defect in the mesial wall using a three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM). Methods: Four finite element analysis models were designed and built up based on different endocrown configurations in a mandibular molar. One model was designed as a butt joint preparation with 2 mm occlusal thickness(control), the other three models were butt joint designs with different distances between the bottom of the mesial wall preparation and the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ): 2 mm, 1 mm and 0 mm respectively. A vertical load parallel with the longitudinal axis of the tooth and an oblique load with a 45°angle to the longitudinal axis were applied to the occlusal surfaces. The maximum Von Misses (VM) stresses and stress distribution patterns were calculated and compared. Weibull risk-of-rupture analysis was used to analyze the survival probability of the restorations and tooth in the different models. Results: For the restoration, the model with a mesial wall destruction at the level of CEJ showed much higher risk of failure than other models. Overall, none of the four models showed failure. Under oblique loading, VM stress in the cement layer of the models with a mesial wall defect was higher than in the control model. In the dentin, the highest VM stresses were found in the peri-cervical dentin. Under the oblique loading, the model with the mesial wall destruction at the level of CEJ restored by endocrown showed the highest risk of failure. Conclusion: Under the oblique loading, with the increase of the simulated defect in the mesial wall, the peak VM stress values in the cement layer increased accordingly. In the model with a mesial wall defect up to the level of CEJ risk of failure was highest in the cervical dentin.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tooth, Nonvital ; Molar ; Finite Element Analysis ; Dental Stress Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2378381-3
ISSN	1878-0180 ; 1751-6161
ISSN (online)	1878-0180
ISSN	1751-6161
DOI	10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105691
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Article ; Online: Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss.

Li, Yang / Ling, Junqi / Jiang, Qianzhou

Frontiers in immunology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 691013

Abstract: Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast-osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains ... ...

Abstract	Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast-osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.
MeSH term(s)	Alveolar Bone Loss/immunology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/immunology ; Humans ; Inflammasomes/immunology ; Osteolysis/immunology
Chemical Substances	Inflammasomes
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.691013
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Article ; Online: Effect of chitosan and CMCS on dentin after Er:YAG laser irradiation: shear bond strength and surface morphology analysis.

Guan, Lanxi / Cai, Chen / Cui, Jingheng / Huang, Yuting / Zhao, Jian / Chen, Xuan / Jiang, Qianzhou / Li, Yang

BMC oral health

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 402

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on dentin surface morphology and bonding strength after irradiation of Er:YAG laser.: Methods: Eighty-four laser-irradiated dentin ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on dentin surface morphology and bonding strength after irradiation of Er:YAG laser. Methods: Eighty-four laser-irradiated dentin samples were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 28/group) according to different surface conditioning process: deionized water for 60s; 1wt% chitosan for 60s; or 1wt% CMCS for 60s. Two specimens from each group were subjected to TEM analysis to confirm the presence of extrafibrillar demineralization on dentin fibrils. Two specimens from each group were subjected to morphological analysis by SEM. Seventy-two specimens (n = 24/group) were prepared, with a composite resin cone adhered to the dentin surface, and were then randomly assigned to one of two aging processes: storage in deionized water for 24 h or a thermocycling stimulation. The shear bond strength of laser-irradiated dentin to the resin composite was determined by a universal testing machine. Data acquired in the shear bond strength test was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test and Independent Samples t-test (α = 0.05). Results: CMCS group presented demineralized zone and a relatively smooth dentin surface morphology. CMCS group had significantly higher SBS value (6.08 ± 2.12) without aging (p < 0.05). After thermal cycling, both chitosan (5.26 ± 2.30) and CMCS group (5.82 ± 1.90) presented higher bonding strength compared to control group (3.19 ± 1.32) (p < 0.05). Chitosan and CMCS group preserved the bonding strength after aging process (p > 0.05). Conclusions: CMCS has the potential to be applied in conjunction with Er:YAG laser in cavity preparation and resin restoration.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; Dental Bonding ; Chitosan/pharmacology ; Composite Resins/chemistry ; Shear Strength ; Dentin ; Water/chemistry ; Resin Cements/analysis
Chemical Substances	Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Composite Resins ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Resin Cements
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091511-1
ISSN	1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
ISSN (online)	1472-6831
ISSN	1472-6831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-024-04097-w
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Article ; Online: Comparation of the effectiveness of conventional needle irrigation and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming with sodium hypochorite in the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial.

Zhao, Jian / Wu, Shengxuan / Huang, Yuting / Zhao, Yuxuan / Liu, He / Jiang, Qianzhou / Shen, Ya / Chen, Minle

BMC oral health

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 293

Abstract: Photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with an Er: YAG laser has been introduced in root canal treatment to improve irrigation and facilitate the removal of bacteria in the root canal system. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial ... ...

Abstract	Photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with an Er: YAG laser has been introduced in root canal treatment to improve irrigation and facilitate the removal of bacteria in the root canal system. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of two different root canal irrigation techniques, conventional needle irrigation (CNI) and PIPS, using 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), in the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Sixty patients with a total of sixty teeth affected by apical periodontitis were included in this study. The teeth underwent root canal therapy, and after mechanical instrumentation, they were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30) based on the final irrigation protocol: CNI or PIPS with 1% NaOCl. Bacterial suspensions in the root canals were evaluated using Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) assay kit after mechanical instrumentation and after final irrigation. Then, a follow-up was conducted after 7 days. The results revealed that final irrigation significantly reduced ATP values in both the CNI and PIPS groups (P < 0.001). The ATP values after final irrigation was greater in the CNI group compared to the PIPS group (P < 0.001). After a 7-day follow-up, percussion tenderness and fistula were significantly resolved in both groups (P < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the factors that influence post irrigation ATP values. The analysis demonstrated that pre-operative percussion tenderness (P = 0.006), the presence of a fistula (P < 0.001) and the method used in the final irrigation (P < 0.001) had a significant impact on the ATP value after final irrigation. These results indicate that employing PIPS with 1% NaOCl as the final irrigation protocol exhibited superior antibacterial effectiveness and has the potential to enhance clinical outcomes in the treatment of teeth afflicted with apical periodontitis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Root Canal Preparation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use ; Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology ; Periapical Periodontitis/therapy ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Fistula/drug therapy ; Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use ; Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology ; Therapeutic Irrigation/methods
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Sodium Hypochlorite (DY38VHM5OD) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Root Canal Irrigants
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091511-1
ISSN	1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
ISSN (online)	1472-6831
ISSN	1472-6831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-024-04055-6
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Article ; Online: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF induces apoptosis in MG63 cells via caspase-3/-8/-9 without activation of caspase-1/GSDMD.

Li, Yang / Wen, Cheng / Zhong, Jialin / Ling, Junqi / Jiang, Qianzhou

Oral diseases

2021 Volume 28, Issue 7, Page(s) 2026–2035

Abstract: Objective: Regulated cell death is key in the pathogenesis of persistent apical periodontitis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of regulated cell death in osteoblast-like MG63 cells infected with Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF.: Materials and methods! ...

Abstract	Objective: Regulated cell death is key in the pathogenesis of persistent apical periodontitis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of regulated cell death in osteoblast-like MG63 cells infected with Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Materials and methods: MG63 cells were infected with live E. faecalis OG1RF at the indicated multiplicity of infection for the indicated infection time. We evaluated the cells by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and lactate dehydrogenase release analysis; measured the activity of caspase-1/-3/-8/-9 and the release of interleukin-1β; and determined the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and gasdermin D by apoptosis antibody array and Western blotting. Results: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of the infected cells, increased the percentage of apoptotic and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling-positive cells, and enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release. The expression of caspase-3 and survivin and the activity of caspase-3/-8/-9 were upregulated, while the expression of death receptor 6 was downregulated. The activity of caspase-1/gasdermin D and the release of interleukin-1β remained unaltered. Conclusion: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF induced both intrinsic and extrinsic MG63 cell apoptosis via caspase-3/-8/-9 activation but did not activate the pyroptotic pathway regulated by caspase-1/gasdermin D.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis ; Caspase 1 ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Lactate Dehydrogenases
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-1beta ; Lactate Dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.-) ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase (EC 2.7.7.31) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 1 (EC 3.4.22.36)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-13
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1290529-x
ISSN	1601-0825 ; 1354-523X
ISSN (online)	1601-0825
ISSN	1354-523X
DOI	10.1111/odi.13996
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