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Article ; Online: The Role of the Acetylcholine System in Common Respiratory Diseases and COVID-19

Dehu Li / Jianghua Wu / Xianzhi Xiong

Molecules, Vol 28, Iss 1139, p

2023 Volume 1139

Abstract: As an indispensable component in human beings, the acetylcholine system regulates multiple physiological processes not only in neuronal tissues but also in nonneuronal tissues. However, since the concept of the “Nonneuronal cholinergic system (NNCS)” has ...

Abstract	As an indispensable component in human beings, the acetylcholine system regulates multiple physiological processes not only in neuronal tissues but also in nonneuronal tissues. However, since the concept of the “Nonneuronal cholinergic system (NNCS)” has been proposed, the role of the acetylcholine system in nonneuronal tissues has received increasing attention. A growing body of research shows that the acetylcholine system also participates in modulating inflammatory responses, regulating contraction and mucus secretion of respiratory tracts, and influencing the metastasis and invasion of lung cancer. In addition, the susceptibility and severity of respiratory tract infections caused by pathogens such as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also correlate with the regulation of the acetylcholine system. In this review, we summarized the major roles of the acetylcholine system in respiratory diseases. Despite existing achievements in the field of the acetylcholine system, we hope that more in-depth investigations on this topic will be conducted to unearth more possible pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of diverse respiratory diseases.
Keywords	acetylcholine receptor ; cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway ; inflammation ; airway ; common respiratory diseases ; coronavirus disease 2019 ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Payments for ecosystem services programs

Tuyet-Anh T. Le / Kelly Vodden / Jianghua Wu / Ryan Bullock / Gabriela Sabau

Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp e22361- (2024)

A global review of contributions towards sustainability

1481

Abstract: Payments for ecosystem services programs (PESPs) are increasingly being adopted globally to enhance sustainability outcomes. There are also hundreds of studies yearly on various aspects of PESPs, but research on their contributions to sustainability of ... ...

Abstract	Payments for ecosystem services programs (PESPs) are increasingly being adopted globally to enhance sustainability outcomes. There are also hundreds of studies yearly on various aspects of PESPs, but research on their contributions to sustainability of communities and the ecosystems they depend upon at the global scale are rare. Our global review explores twelve key characteristics of PESPs at three different phases (inputs – implementation – outputs and outcomes) and their relationship types of these characteristics to sustainability outcomes. To do so, we review 376 peer-review journal articles on PESPs, and test three hypotheses related to these relationships. Our findings confirm that the relationships between each of these characteristics and sustainability outcomes are bidirectional and/or multidirectional to some extent and can be positive, negative or both, depending on specific cases and research methods used to study these relationships. The findings also disclose that separating one characteristic as the primary causal factor in any relationship or outcome is not easy as relevant characteristics are linked in a complex network. Thereby, determining key characteristics of PESPs that drive relationships for the sake of sustainability is important. Through analyzing relationships between PESP characteristics, this study offers a series of suggestions to further aid the contributions of PESPs’ contributions to sustainability in the future.
Keywords	Ecosystem services ; Payments for ecosystem services programs (PESPs) ; Payments for ecosystem services (PES) ; Environmental policy ; Sustainability ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lentinan progress in inflammatory diseases and tumor diseases

Guangda Zhou / Haiyan Liu / Ying Yuan / Qian Wang / Lanping Wang / Jianghua Wu

European Journal of Medical Research, Vol 29, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Shiitake mushrooms are a fungal food that has been recorded in Chinese medicine to nourish the blood and qi. Lentinan (lLNT) is an active substance extracted from shiitake mushrooms with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Shiitake mushrooms are a fungal food that has been recorded in Chinese medicine to nourish the blood and qi. Lentinan (lLNT) is an active substance extracted from shiitake mushrooms with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor functions. Inflammatory diseases and cancers are the leading causes of death worldwide, posing a serious threat to human life and health and posing enormous challenges to global health systems. There is still a lack of effective treatments for inflammatory diseases and cancer. LNT has been approved as an adjunct to chemotherapy in China and Japan. Studies have shown that LNT plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as oncological diseases. Moreover, clinical experiments have confirmed that LNT combined with chemotherapy drugs has a significant effect in improving the prognosis of patients, enhancing their immune function and reducing the side effects of chemotherapy in lung cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. However, the relevant mechanism of action of the LNT signaling pathway in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism and clinical research of LNT in inflammatory diseases and tumor diseases in recent years.
Keywords	Lentinan ; Inflammatory diseases ; Tumor ; Cancer ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vertical and seasonal changes in soil carbon pools to vegetation degradation in a wet meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Jiangqi Wu / Haiyan Wang / Guang Li / Jianghua Wu / Weiwei Ma

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 16

Abstract: Abstract Wet meadows provide opportunities to decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) released into the atmosphere by increasing the soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in wetland systems. Although wet meadows serve as the most important and stable ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Wet meadows provide opportunities to decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) released into the atmosphere by increasing the soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in wetland systems. Although wet meadows serve as the most important and stable C sinks, there has been very few investigations on the seasonal distributions of SOC fractions in high-altitude wet meadows. Here, we studied the effects of four vegetation degradation levels, non-degraded (ND), lightly degraded (LD), moderately degraded (MD), and heavily degraded (HD), on the measured vertical and seasonal changes of SOC and its different fractions. Among these vegetation degradation levels, 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths in ND plots had significantly higher SOC contents than the other degradation levels had throughout the year. This is attributed to the relatively greater inputs of aboveground plant litter and richer fine-root biomass in ND plots. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) showed similar vertical and seasonal variations in autumn, reaching a minimum. Moreover, microbial biomass (MBC) and easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) contents were highest in summer and the smallest in winter, while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content was highest in spring and lowest in summer, and were mainly concentrated in the 0–20 cm layer. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that soil properties and aboveground biomass were significantly related to different SOC fractions. The results indicate that vegetation degradation reduces the accumulation of total SOC and its different fractions, which may reduce carbon sink capacity and soil quality of alpine wet meadows, and increase atmospheric environmental pressure. In addition, vegetation biomass and soil characteristics play a key role in the formation and transformation of soil carbon. These results strengthen our understanding of soil C dynamics, specifically related to the different C fractions as affected by vegetation degradation levels and soil depth, in wet meadow systems.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Editorial

Jianghua Wu / Matthias Peichl / Junwei Luan / John Connolly / Ligang Xu

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

Wetland Ecology and Biogeochemistry Under Natural and Human Disturbance

2021 Volume 9

Keywords	wetlands ; climate change ; human disturbance ; biogeochemistry ; ecosystem function ; greenhouse gas emissions ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam

Tuyet-Anh T. Le / Kelly Vodden / Jianghua Wu / Ghada Atiwesh

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 559, p

2021 Volume 559

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most serious health crises in human history, spreading rapidly across the globe from January 2020 to the present. With prompt and drastic measures, Vietnam is one of the few countries that has largely succeeded ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most serious health crises in human history, spreading rapidly across the globe from January 2020 to the present. With prompt and drastic measures, Vietnam is one of the few countries that has largely succeeded in controlling the outbreak. This result is derived from a harmonious combination of many factors, with the policy system playing a key role. This study assessed the policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam from the early days of the outbreak in January 2020 to 24 July 2020 (with a total of 413 cases confirmed and 99 days of no new cases infected from the local community) by synthesizing and evaluating 959 relevant policy documents in different classifications. The findings show that the Vietnamese policy system responded promptly, proactively, and effectively at multiple authority levels (33 different agencies from the national to provincial governments), using a range of policy tools and measures. Parallel to the daily occurrence of 2.24 new cases, 5.13 new policy documents were issued on average per day over the study period. The pandemic policy response over the first six months in Vietnam were divided into four periods, I (23 January–5 March), II (6–19 March), III (20 March–21 April), and IV (22 April–24 July). This paper synthesizes eight solution groups for these four anti-pandemic phases, including outbreak announcements and steering documents, medical measures, blockade of the schools, emergency responses, border and entry control measures, social isolation and nationwide social isolation measures, financial supports, and other measures. By emphasizing diversification of the policy responses, from the agencies to the tools and measures, the case study reviews and shares lessons from the successful COVID-19 prevention and control in Vietnam that could be useful for other nations.
Keywords	coronavirus ; COVID-19 in Vietnam ; pandemic in Vietnam ; policy documents ; policy tools ; policy responses ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360 ; 900
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A multicompartment mathematical model based on host immunity for dissecting COVID-19 heterogeneity

Jianwei Li / Jianghua Wu / Jingpeng Zhang / Lu Tang / Heng Mei / Yu Hu / Fangting Li

Heliyon, Vol 8, Iss 5, Pp e09488- (2022)

2022

Abstract: The determinants underlying the heterogeneity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain to be elucidated. To systemically analyze the immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we built a ... ...

Abstract	The determinants underlying the heterogeneity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain to be elucidated. To systemically analyze the immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we built a multicompartment mathematical model based on immunological principles and typical COVID-19-related characteristics. This model integrated the trafficking of immune cells and cytokines among the secondary lymphoid organs, peripheral blood and lungs. Our results suggested that early-stage lymphopenia was related to lymphocyte chemotaxis, while prolonged lymphopenia in critically ill patients was associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, our model predicted that insufficient SARS-CoV-2-specific naïve T/B cell pools and ineffective activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) would cause delayed immunity activation, resulting in elevated viral load, low immunoglobulin level, etc. Overall, we provided a comprehensive view of the dynamics of host immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection that enabled us to understand COVID-19 heterogeneity from systemic perspective.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Mathematical model ; Host immunity ; Heterogeneity ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An efficient context-aware approach for whole-slide image classification

Hongru Shen / Jianghua Wu / Xilin Shen / Jiani Hu / Jilei Liu / Qiang Zhang / Yan Sun / Kexin Chen / Xiangchun Li

iScience, Vol 26, Iss 12, Pp 108175- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: Computational pathology for gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs) at slide level is helpful in disease diagnosis and remains challenging. We propose a context-aware approach termed WSI inspection via transformer (WIT) for slide-level ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Computational pathology for gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs) at slide level is helpful in disease diagnosis and remains challenging. We propose a context-aware approach termed WSI inspection via transformer (WIT) for slide-level classification via holistically modeling dependencies among patches on WSI. WIT automatically learns feature representation of WSI by aggregating features of all image patches. We evaluate classification performance of WIT and state-of-the-art baseline method. WIT achieved an accuracy of 82.1% (95% CI, 80.7%–83.3%) in the detection of 32 cancer types on the TCGA dataset, 0.918 (0.910–0.925) in diagnosis of cancer on the CPTAC dataset, and 0.882 (0.87–0.890) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer from needle biopsy slide, outperforming the baseline by 31.6%, 5.4%, and 9.3%, respectively. WIT can pinpoint the WSI regions that are most influential for its decision. WIT represents a new paradigm for computational pathology, facilitating the development of digital pathology tools.
Keywords	Oncology ; pathology ; Computer science ; Science ; Q
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Soil nitrogen determines greenhouse gas emissions from northern peatlands under concurrent warming and vegetation shifting

Junwei Luan / Jianghua Wu / Shirong Liu / Nigel Roulet / Mei Wang

Communications Biology, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 10

Abstract: Junwei Luan, Jianghua Wu et al. examine how nutrient availability affects biotic and abiotic ...

Abstract	Junwei Luan, Jianghua Wu et al. examine how nutrient availability affects biotic and abiotic variables in boreal peatlands. They show that changes in greenhouse gas emissions in response to plant community composition and warming depend on nitrogen availability.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dynamical modelling of viral infection and cooperative immune protection in COVID-19 patients.

Zhengqing Zhou / Dianjie Li / Ziheng Zhao / Shuyu Shi / Jianghua Wu / Jianwei Li / Jingpeng Zhang / Ke Gui / Yu Zhang / Qi Ouyang / Heng Mei / Yu Hu / Fangting Li

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 19, Iss 9, p e

2023 Volume 1011383

Abstract: Once challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the human host immune system triggers a dynamic process against infection. We constructed a mathematical model to describe host innate and adaptive immune response to viral challenge. Based on the dynamic ... ...

Abstract	Once challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the human host immune system triggers a dynamic process against infection. We constructed a mathematical model to describe host innate and adaptive immune response to viral challenge. Based on the dynamic properties of viral load and immune response, we classified the resulting dynamics into four modes, reflecting increasing severity of COVID-19 disease. We found the numerical product of immune system's ability to clear the virus and to kill the infected cells, namely immune efficacy, to be predictive of disease severity. We also investigated vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results suggested that immune efficacy based on memory T cells and neutralizing antibody titers could be used to predict population vaccine protection rates. Finally, we analyzed infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants within the construct of our mathematical model. Overall, our results provide a systematic framework for understanding the dynamics of host response upon challenge by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this framework can be used to predict vaccine protection and perform clinical diagnosis.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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