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Article ; Online: Parameter calibration of the discrete element simulation model for soaking paddy loam soil based on the slump test.

Zhou Tienan / Hao Zhou / Jiangtao Ji / Fengyun Sun / Zhiyu Qin

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e

2023 Volume 0285428

Abstract: The discrete element computer simulation method is an effective tool that enables the study of the interaction mechanism between the pulping components and the paddy soil during the paddy field pulping process. The findings are valuable in optimizing the ...

Abstract	The discrete element computer simulation method is an effective tool that enables the study of the interaction mechanism between the pulping components and the paddy soil during the paddy field pulping process. The findings are valuable in optimizing the parameters of the paddy beating device to improve its working quality and efficiency. However, the lack of accurate soil models for paddy soil has limited the application and development of the discrete element method in paddy pulping research. This study selected the Hertz-Mindlin with Johnson-Kendall-Roberts discrete element model for the pre-pulping paddy loam soil and used the slump error as the test index to select nine parameters, including soil Poisson's ratio and surface energy, as test factors to calibrate the model parameters. The Plackett-Burman test identified soil shear modulus, surface energy, and soil-iron plate static friction coefficient as significant factors affecting the test index. The steepest ascent test results determined the test range of the above parameters. The Box-Behnken test obtained the regression model between the significant factors and the test index, and the regression model was optimized using the slump error as the target. The optimal combination of parameters was surface energy of 3.257 J/m2, soil shear modulus of 0.709 MPa, and static friction coefficient between soil and iron plate of 0.701. The slump simulation test using this combination of parameters yielded an average slump error of 2.04%. The collective results indicate the accuracy of the calibrated discrete element simulation parameters for paddy loam soil. These parameters can be used for discrete element simulation analysis of the paddy pulping process after paddy field soaking.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of Mounting Angle on Bending Subsoiling Tool–Soil Interactions Using DEM Simulations

Xuezhen Wang / Hao Zhou / Jiangtao Ji

Agriculture, Vol 12, Iss 1830, p

2022 Volume 1830

Abstract: Mechanical subsoiling is an effective practice to promote better water infiltration and crop root development. The bending subsoiling tool (BST) is a primary subsoiling tool and is used to remove soil compaction and restore soil productivity. In this ... ...

Abstract	Mechanical subsoiling is an effective practice to promote better water infiltration and crop root development. The bending subsoiling tool (BST) is a primary subsoiling tool and is used to remove soil compaction and restore soil productivity. In this study, a discrete element model was developed and validated using laboratory soil bin tests to investigate the effects of the mounting angle of the BST (5°–33°) on soil disturbance behaviors and draft forces. The results show that the upheaval, failure and fragmentation of soil was achieved by successive shearing, uplifting, extrusion, tension and turning actions from the cutting share and cambered shank of the BST. Increasing soil depths gave smaller soil disturbance ranges in lateral, forward and upward directions. With an increase in mounting angle, both the draft force and soil rupture distance ratio initially decreased and then increased, whereas the soil loosening efficiency initially increased and then decreased. Overall, increasing the mounting angle of the BST from 5° to 33° gave a greater soil surface flatness that increased rapidly when the mounting angle increased from 26° to 33°. Appropriately increasing mounting angle of the BST from 5° to 26° could lift more moist soil from the deep seed and middle layers (5.0–15.5% increase) into the shallow seed layer (depth of <50 mm) without seriously affecting the mixing of the deep layer and other layers. Considering both the soil disturbance characteristics and draft forces, a mounting angle of 26° appeared to outperform the other angles.
Keywords	discrete element method (DEM) ; mounting angle ; soil bin test ; soil disturbance behaviors ; subsoiling ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Calibration and analysis of discrete element simulation parameters of Chinese cabbage seeds.

Shengsheng Wang / Lu Mengqing / Xingyi Liu / Jiangtao Ji / Pan Chen

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 6, p e

2022 Volume 0270415

Abstract: Objective To improve the accuracy of parameters used in discrete element simulation test of Chinese cabbage seeds harvesting process. Methods Firstly, the key physical parameters of Chinese cabbage seeds were measured. According to the results, the ... ...

Abstract	Objective To improve the accuracy of parameters used in discrete element simulation test of Chinese cabbage seeds harvesting process. Methods Firstly, the key physical parameters of Chinese cabbage seeds were measured. According to the results, the discrete element simulation model was established and the value range of simulation test parameters was determined. Then, the actual repose angle of Chinese cabbage seeds was obtained by physical accumulation test using bottomless conical cylinder lifting method. Plackett-Burman test, steepest climb test, Box-Behnken test and parameter optimization test were carried out in sequence with the actual angle of repose as the response value. Finally, the obtained parameters are verified. Results 1. The Plackett-Burman test showed that the seed-seed rolling friction coefficient, the seed-steel rolling friction coefficient, the seed-seed static friction coefficient, and the seed-steel static friction coefficient had significant effects on the repose angle of Chinese cabbage seeds (P<0.05). 2. The optimization test showed that the seed-seed rolling friction coefficient was 0.08, the seed-steel rolling friction coefficient was 0.109, the seed-seed static friction coefficient was 0.496, and the seed-steel static friction coefficient was 0.415. 3. The validation test showed that the repose angle of Chinese cabbage seeds under such parameter was 23.62°, and the error with the repose angle of the physical test was 0.73%. Conclusion The study show that the discrete element simulation parameters of Chinese cabbage seeds model and calibration are reliable, which can provide reference for the discrete element simulation of Chinese cabbage seeds.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Wheat Seed Phenotype Detection Device and Its Application

Haolei Zhang / Jiangtao Ji / Hao Ma / Hao Guo / Nan Liu / Hongwei Cui

Agriculture, Vol 13, Iss 706, p

2023 Volume 706

Abstract: To address the problem of low efficiency and automatically sense the phenotypic characteristics of wheat seeds, a wheat seed phenotype detection device was designed to predict thousand seed weight. Five commonly used varieties of wheat seeds were ... ...

Abstract	To address the problem of low efficiency and automatically sense the phenotypic characteristics of wheat seeds, a wheat seed phenotype detection device was designed to predict thousand seed weight. Five commonly used varieties of wheat seeds were selected for the study, and a wheat seed phenotype detection system was built with a 2 mm sampling hole plate. Grayscale, image segmentation, area filtering and other methods were used to process the image in order to extract and analyse the correlation between thousand seed weight and seven phenotypic characteristics: wheat seed area, perimeter, long axis, short axis, ellipticity, rectangularity, and elongation. The results showed that different varieties of wheat seeds were significantly correlated with different phenotypic characteristics. Among them, the area and short axis for Luomai 26; the area, long axis, short axis, perimeter, and rectangularity for Jinqiang 11; the area and perimeter for Zhoumai 22; the area of Luomai 42; the area, short axis, and perimeter for Bainong 207 were significantly correlated with the thousand seed weight. A multiple linear regression model of thousand seed weight prediction was developed by selecting the significantly correlated phenotypic characteristic. The models showed that the R 2 values of the thousand seed weight prediction models for Jinqiang 11 and Bainong 207 were 0.853 and 0.757, respectively; and the R 2 values for Luomai 26, Zhoumai 22, and Luomai 42 were less than 0.5. Subsequently, PCA-MLR was used to build a thousand seed weight prediction model, and K-fold cross-validation was used for comparative analysis. Afterwards, three kinds of wheat seeds with 40–50 g thousand seed weight were selected to validate the model. The validation results showed that the more significantly correlated the phenotypic parameters were, the higher the accuracy of the thousand seed weight prediction model. The study provided a set of detection devices and methods for the rapid acquisition of the phenotypic characteristics of wheat seeds ...
Keywords	wheat seed ; detection devices ; phenotypic characteristics ; thousand seed weight ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Monitoring Indicators for Comprehensive Growth of Summer Maize Based on UAV Remote Sensing

Hao Ma / Xue Li / Jiangtao Ji / Hongwei Cui / Yi Shi / Nana Li / Ce Yang

Agronomy, Vol 13, Iss 12, p

2023 Volume 2888

Abstract: Maize is one of the important grain crops grown globally, and growth will directly affect its yield and quality, so it is important to monitor maize growth efficiently and non-destructively. To facilitate the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for ... ...

Abstract	Maize is one of the important grain crops grown globally, and growth will directly affect its yield and quality, so it is important to monitor maize growth efficiently and non-destructively. To facilitate the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for maize growth monitoring, comprehensive growth indicators for maize monitoring based on multispectral remote sensing imagery were established. First of all, multispectral image data of summer maize canopy were collected at the jointing stage, and meanwhile, leaf area index (LAI), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and plant height (VH) were measured. Then, the comprehensive growth monitoring indicators CGMI CV and CGMI CR for summer maize were constructed by the coefficient of variation method and the CRITIC weighting method. After that, the CGMI CV and CGMI CR prediction models were established by the partial least-squares (PLSR) and sparrow search optimization kernel extremum learning machine (SSA-KELM) using eight typical vegetation indices selected. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed using ground-truthing data, and the results show: (1) For CGMI CV , the R 2 and RMSE of the model built by SSA-KELM are 0.865 and 0.040, respectively. Compared to the model built by PLSR, R 2 increased by 4.5%, while RMSE decreased by 0.3%. For CGMI CR , the R 2 and RMSE of the model built by SSA-KELM are 0.885 and 0.056, respectively. Compared to the other model, R 2 increased by 4.6%, and RMSE decreased by 2.8%. (2) Compared to the models by single indicator, among the models constructed based on PLSR, the CGMI CR model had the highest R 2 . In the models constructed based on SSA-KELM, the R 2 of models by the CGMI CR and CGMI CV were larger than that of the models by SPAD ( R 2 = 0.837), while smaller than that of the models by LAI ( R 2 = 0.906) and models by VH ( R 2 = 0.902). In summary, the comprehensive growth monitoring indicators prediction model established in this paper is effective and can provide technical support for maize growth monitoring.
Keywords	multispectral remote sensing ; summer maize ; comprehensive growth ; SSA-KELM ; vegetation index ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Designing an intelligent monitoring system for corn seeding by machine vision and Genetic Algorithm-optimized Back Propagation algorithm under precision positioning.

Jiangtao Ji / Yayuan Sang / Zhitao He / Xin Jin / Shengsheng Wang

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e

2021 Volume 0254544

Abstract: Objective To realize the regulation of the position of corn seed planting in precision farming, an intelligent monitoring system is designed for corn seeding based on machine vision and the Genetic Algorithm-optimized Back Propagation (GABP) algorithm. ... ...

Abstract	Objective To realize the regulation of the position of corn seed planting in precision farming, an intelligent monitoring system is designed for corn seeding based on machine vision and the Genetic Algorithm-optimized Back Propagation (GABP) algorithm. Methods Based on the research on precision positioning seeding technology, comprehensive application of sensors, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers, and other technologies, combined with modern optimization algorithms, the online dynamic calibration controls of line spacing and plant spacing are implemented. Based on the machine vision and GABP algorithm, a test platform for the seeding effect detection system is designed to provide a reference for further precision seeding operations. GA can obtain better initial network weights and thresholds and find the optimal individual through selection, crossover, and mutation operations; that is, the optimal initial weight of the Back Propagation (BP) neural network. Field experiments verify the seeding performance of the precision corn planter and the accuracy of the seeding monitoring system. Results 1. The deviation between the average value of the six precision positioning seeding experiments of corn under the random disturbance signal and the ideal value of the distance is less than or equal to 0.5 cm; the deviation between the average value of the six precision positioning seeding experiments of corn under the sine wave disturbance signal (1 Hz) is less than or equal to 0.4 cm; the qualified rate of grain distance reaches 100%. 2. The precision control index, replay index, and missed index of the designed corn precision seeding intelligent control system have all reached the national standard. During the operation of the seeder, an alarm of the seeder leaking occurred, and the buzzer sounded and the screen displayed 100 times each; therefore, the reliability of the alarm system is 100%. Conclusion The intelligent corn seeder designed based on precision positioning seeding technology can reduce the ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	629 ; 006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modeling and Application of Temporal Correlation of Grain Temperature during Grain Storage

Hongwei Cui / Qu Zhang / Wenfu Wu / Haolei Zhang / Jiangtao Ji / Hao Ma

Agriculture, Vol 12, Iss 1883, p

2022 Volume 1883

Abstract: Temperature measurement system malfunction and sensor failure in grain storage warehouses can lead to missing grain temperature data on some days. Missing data is not conducive to the monitoring of grain storage conditions. This paper establishes ... ...

Abstract	Temperature measurement system malfunction and sensor failure in grain storage warehouses can lead to missing grain temperature data on some days. Missing data is not conducive to the monitoring of grain storage conditions. This paper establishes mathematical models of temporal correlation coefficients of grain temperature and storage time in different planes, and analyzes the influence of storage state change on grain temperature correlation. The historical grain situation data for about one year were selected from 27 flat grain storage warehouses distributed in the second to seventh grain storage ecological zones in China. In addition, correlation coefficients of grain temperature were then calculated on the XOY , XOZ and YOZ planes of each warehouse. During this process, the time interval included 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days, meaning that the correlation coefficients between the grain temperature on the day and the grain temperature after storage for 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days were calculated. Next, the correlation coefficients from the same time intervals and planes in each warehouse were sequentially connected to form arrays of correlation coefficients. Then, the 3-threshold setting methods and DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) method were used to analyze the correlation coefficients those arrays. According to the results, we set the correlation coefficient thresholds for each plane ( XOY , XOZ and YOZ planes) at each time interval. The models were then established regarding the correlation coefficient thresholds and storage time intervals. Subsequently, the sum of squares for error (SSE), coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), and root mean square error (RMSE) were chosen to evaluate the models, with the results showing that the effect of the model established by the threshold set by the 3-setting method, with SSE, R 2 and RMSE of 0.056, 0.9771 and 0.0748, respectively, was better than the model established using the DBSCAN ...
Keywords	grain storage ; grain storage condition ; temperature data ; correlation ; clustering ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	669
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bionic Optimization Design and Experiment of Reciprocating Cutting System on Single-Row Tea Harvester

Zhe Du / Denghui Li / Jiangtao Ji / Liyuan Zhang / Xinping Li / Huankun Wang

Agronomy, Vol 12, Iss 1309, p

2022 Volume 1309

Abstract: The reciprocating cutting system is one of the key parts of a tea harvester; and its cutting performance directly determines the cutting power consumption and harvesting quality of the machine. Because the structural parameters of reciprocating cutting ... ...

Abstract	The reciprocating cutting system is one of the key parts of a tea harvester; and its cutting performance directly determines the cutting power consumption and harvesting quality of the machine. Because the structural parameters of reciprocating cutting systems do not match the tea cut; resulting in larger cutting resistance, it is necessary to optimize the structural parameters. The cricket mouth part has outstanding performance in tea tree fiber cutting; and the curved structural characteristics of the upper jaw of the cricket have been useful to improve the cutting efficiency of cutting system. Quantitative analysis of the structure of the upper jaw revealed that the arc-shaped structure of the incisor lobe would inspire new bionic blades and bionic cutters to solve the above problems. The cutting performance experiment of the cutting blade was designed for investigating the effects of inter-node number; tea variety and blade type (ordinary blade; bionic blade e and bionic blade f ) on the cutting force and cutting power consumption. Experimental results of cutting performance have shown that the bionic blade could reduce cutting resistance and cutting power consumption. Tea varieties had little effect on cutting force and cutting power consumption. In addition, the orthogonal test was carried out to study the influence of cutter type with the cutting speed ratio and cutting angle on the integrity rate and missing rate of tea shoot. The field cutting experiment showed that the cutting angle was the most important for the integrity rate and missing rate of tea shoot; followed by the cutter speed ratio; and finally, the cutter type. The optimum combination of parameters was a cutting speed of 0.8 m/s; a forward speed of 1.0 m/s; a cutting angle of −3°, and using the bionic cutter e . With the optimal parameter combination, the integrity rate and missing rate of the tea shoot were 92.7% and 3.9%, which were increased by 13.2% and decreased by 6.4% compared to those under the condition of the 0° cutting angle and ...
Keywords	bionic ; cutting system ; harvest ; cricket ; tea ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pressure-Stabilized Flexible End-Effector for Selective Picking of Agaricus bisporus

Kaixuan Zhao / Hongzhen Li / Jiangtao Ji / Qianwen Li / Mengsong Li / Yongkang He / Jinlong Li / Suhe Xing

Agriculture, Vol 13, Iss 12, p

2023 Volume 2256

Abstract: Agaricus bisporus is widely cultivated worldwide due to its considerable economic benefits. The increasingly prominent contradiction between production and labor shortage necessitates the urgent replacement of human workers with intelligent picking ... ...

Abstract	Agaricus bisporus is widely cultivated worldwide due to its considerable economic benefits. The increasingly prominent contradiction between production and labor shortage necessitates the urgent replacement of human workers with intelligent picking technology and equipment. Therefore, a pressure-stabilized flexible end-effector was designed to achieve the rapid and low-loss picking of Agaricus bisporus . The dimensions of the end-effector were determined by measuring the external parameters of Agaricus bisporus . A mechanics model of the end-effector was constructed to analyze the picking process theoretically, and the pre-experiments identified the key performance factors of the end-effector: the thickness of the flexible membrane, the particle filler material, and the pressure stability. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the factors mentioned above concerning the performance of the end-effector. The results show that the adsorption effect is best when the thickness of the flexible membrane is 0.9 mm, and the particle diameter is 200 mesh quartz. To control the adsorption force of the end-effector accurately during the picking process, a low-cost adsorption force-adjustment system was designed, and the stability of the system was verified. The experimental results showed that the device improved the stability of the adsorption force during the operation of the picking system by 84.71%. An experiment was conducted on the picking of Agaricus bisporus using the designed end-effector. The success rate of picking with the end-effector was 98.50%, and the picking damage rate was 2.50%.
Keywords	Agaricus bisporus ; automated picking ; profiling end-effector ; suction force ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Individual identification of Holstein dairy cows based on detecting and matching feature points in body images

Zhao, Kaixuan / Xin Jin / Jiangtao Ji / Jun Wang / Hao Ma / Xuefeng Zhu

IAgrE Biosystems engineering. 2019 May, v. 181

2019

Abstract: Image processing technology has been used in precision dairy farming to support management decisions. Vision-based animal identification systems can become a potential alternative to RFID. In this paper, a vision system is proposed to extract body images ...

Abstract	Image processing technology has been used in precision dairy farming to support management decisions. Vision-based animal identification systems can become a potential alternative to RFID. In this paper, a vision system is proposed to extract body images and identify Holstein cows. Side view videos of dairy cattle walking in a straight line were collected. Cow mask was detected using Adaptive SOM method. The largest inscribed rectangle was extracted to locate the cow's body area. A total of 528 videos were collected from 66 cows, and 3 videos were randomly selected for each cow to build template datasets, while the rest of the videos were used as test data. Feature points of the body image were extracted and matched with the template dataset to identify the unknown cow. Four feature extraction methods and two matching methods were investigated and evaluated. The results showed that the highest identification accuracy was 96.72% when the FAST, SIFT and FLANN methods were used for feature extraction, descriptor, and matching, respectively. However, the combination of ORB and BruteForce had better computational efficiency on the basis of high accuracy. Software was implemented and can realise accurate identification of dairy cattle in real-time.
Keywords	Holstein ; animal identification ; computer software ; dairy cows ; dairy farming ; data collection ; image analysis ; processing technology ; radio frequency identification ; walking
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-05
Size	p. 128-139.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2075942-3
ISSN	1537-5110
ISSN	1537-5110
DOI	10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.03.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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