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Article ; Online: Looking at Colour on post-Antique Sculpture

Jim Harris

Journal of Art Historiography, Vol 5, Pp 5-JH/

2011 Volume 1

Abstract: Review of: Vinzenz Brinkmann, Oliver Primavesi, Max Hollein, (eds), Circumlitio. The Polychromy of Antique and Medieval Sculpture. Liebighaus Skulpturensammlung, Frankfurt am Main, 2010. The polychromy of medieval sculpture in Northern Europe is ... ...

Abstract	Review of: Vinzenz Brinkmann, Oliver Primavesi, Max Hollein, (eds), Circumlitio. The Polychromy of Antique and Medieval Sculpture. Liebighaus Skulpturensammlung, Frankfurt am Main, 2010. The polychromy of medieval sculpture in Northern Europe is addressed in five of the articles in Circumlitio, which together form an important part of the editors’ project to bring the study of the coloured surfaces of sculpture out of the realm of technical reports and into the mainstream of sculptural scholarship. The five articles comprise surveys of techniques and materials (Harald Theiss) and of the field in general (Stefan Roller), and case studies of a major monument, Sluter’s Well of Moses at the Chartreuse de Champmol (Susie Nash), the raw material of the dyestuff madder (Dieter Köcher) and the reconstruction of the polychromed surface of a fourteenth century St George at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum,in Nuremberg (Arnulf von Ulmann). In his review, the author discusses some of the historiography of polychromy, examining in particular the treatment of Italian sculpture, whose study is not the focus of Circumlitio, giving context to the essays at hand within the wider field.
Keywords	Circumlitio ; Theiss ; Roller ; Köcher ; von Ulmann ; Nash ; polychromy ; surface ; sculpture ; materials ; techniques ; madder ; Champmol ; Well of Moses ; Herder ; Donatello ; Sluter ; Malouel ; virtual reconstruction ; Arts in general ; NX1-820 ; Anthropology ; GN1-890
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Department of Art History, University of Birmingham
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Ecosystem services in cities: towards the international legal protection of ecosystem services in urban environments

Sirakaya, AysegÃ¼l / An Cliquet / Jim Harris

Ecosystem services. 2017,

2017

Abstract: Biodiversity provides many ecosystem services in cities that are beneficial to human well-being including adaptation to the effects of climate change and positive effects of nature on human health. Rapid urbanization however is causing an adverse impact ... ...

Abstract	Biodiversity provides many ecosystem services in cities that are beneficial to human well-being including adaptation to the effects of climate change and positive effects of nature on human health. Rapid urbanization however is causing an adverse impact on biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. Protecting and restoring urban biodiversity and ecosystem services can increase human well-being of the rapidly increasing urban population. Today, however, the international biodiversity conservation practice mainly focuses on rural areas, and not on urban conservation and restoration. Within city scale, there are several opportunities to green urban living, such as green infrastructure and urban parks and nature reserves. This paper investigates the current scientific practices for promoting and protecting ecosystem services in urban areas. Secondly, the authors review and assess the legally binding instruments on biodiversity at international and EU level in order to see if there are sufficient existing mechanisms for protection of ecosystem services in urban areas. Thirdly, the paper elaborates on the Aichi Targets in order to explore whether or not these targets are enough to facilitate the protection and enhancement of ecosystem services in urban areas as swiftly as they are needed.
Keywords	European Union ; biodiversity ; biodiversity conservation ; cities ; climate change ; conservation areas ; ecosystem services ; green infrastructure ; human health ; humans ; parks ; rural areas ; urban areas ; urban population ; urbanization
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2681542-4
ISSN	2212-0416
ISSN	2212-0416
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.01.001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The three-peat challenge

Nicholas T. Girkin / Paul J. Burgess / Lydia Cole / Hannah V. Cooper / Euridice Honorio Coronado / Scott J. Davidson / Jacqueline Hannam / Jim Harris / Ian Holman / Christopher S. McCloskey / Michelle M. McKeown / Alice M. Milner / Susan Page / Jo Smith / Dylan Young

Carbon Management, Vol 14, Iss

business as usual, responsible agriculture, and conservation and restoration as management trajectories in global peatlands

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: AbstractPeatlands are a globally important carbon store, but peatland ecosystems from high latitudes to the tropics are highly degraded due to increasingly intensive anthropogenic activity, making them significant greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. Peatland ... ...

Abstract	AbstractPeatlands are a globally important carbon store, but peatland ecosystems from high latitudes to the tropics are highly degraded due to increasingly intensive anthropogenic activity, making them significant greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. Peatland restoration and conservation have been proposed as a nature-based solution to climate change, by restoring the function of peatlands as a net carbon sink, but this may have implications for many local communities who rely on income from activities associated with transformed peatlands, particularly those drained for agriculture. However, without changing the way that humans interact with and exploit peatlands in most regions, peatlands will continue to degrade and be lost. We propose that there are ultimately three potential trajectories for peatland management: business as usual, whereby peatland carbon sink capacity continues to be eroded, responsible agricultural management (with the potential to mitigate emissions, but unlikely to restore peatlands as a net carbon sink), and restoration and conservation. We term this the three-peat challenge, and propose it as a means to view the benefits of restoring peatlands for the environment, as well as the implications of such transitions for communities who rely on ecosystem services (particularly provisioning) from degraded peatlands, and the consequences arising from a lack of action. Ultimately, decisions regarding which trajectories peatlands in given localities will follow torequire principles of equitable decision-making, and support to ensure just transitions, particularly for communities who rely on peatland ecosystems to support their livelihoods.
Keywords	Nature-based solutions ; peatland ; land sharing ; land sparing ; greenhouse gas emissions ; net zero ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The absence or presence of a lytic coliphage affects the response of Escherichia coli to heat, chlorine, or UV exposure

Ameh, Ekwu M / Andreas Nocker / Athanasios Ignatiou / Elena Orlova / Jim Harris / Sean Tyrrel

Folia microbiologica. 2018 Sept., v. 63, no. 5

2018

Abstract: Disinfection aims at maximal inactivation of target organisms and the sustainable suppression of their regrowth. Whereas many disinfection efforts achieve efficient inactivation when the effect is measured directly after treatment, there are questions ... ...

Abstract	Disinfection aims at maximal inactivation of target organisms and the sustainable suppression of their regrowth. Whereas many disinfection efforts achieve efficient inactivation when the effect is measured directly after treatment, there are questions about the sustainability of this effect. One aspect is that the treated bacteria might recover and regain the ability to grow. In an environmental context, another question is how amenable surviving bacteria are to predation by omnipresent bacteriophages. Provisional data suggested that bacteria when subjected to sublethal heat stress might develop a phage-resistant phenotype. The result made us wonder about the susceptibility to phage-mediated lysis for bacteria exposed to a gradient of chlorine and UV-LED disinfection strengths. Whereas bacteria exposed to low sublethal chlorine doses still underwent phage-mediated lysis, the critical chlorine Ct of 0.5 mg min/L eliminated this susceptibility and induced phage resistance in the cells that survived treatment. In the case of UV, even the smallest tested dose of 2.8 mJ/cm2 abolished phage lysis leading to direct regrowth. Results suggest that bacteria surviving disinfection might have higher environmental survival chances directly after treatment compared to non-treated cells. A reason could possibly lie in their compromised metabolism that is essential for phage replication.
Keywords	bacteria ; chlorine ; coliphages ; disinfection ; Escherichia coli ; heat ; heat stress ; metabolism ; phenotype ; regrowth ; ultraviolet radiation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 599-606.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	240503-9
ISSN	1874-9356 ; 0015-5632
ISSN (online)	1874-9356
ISSN	0015-5632
DOI	10.1007/s12223-018-0600-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: STOPP/START interventions to improve medicines management for people aged 65 years and over

Jaheeda Gangannagaripalli / Ian Porter / Antoinette Davey / Ignacio Ricci Cabello / Joanne Greenhalgh / Rob Anderson / Simon Briscoe / Carmel Hughes / Rupert Payne / Emma Cockcroft / Jim Harris / Charlotte Bramwell / Jose M Valderas

Health Services and Delivery Research, Vol 9, Iss

a realist synthesis

2021 Volume 23

Abstract: Background: Drug-related problems and potentially inappropriate prescribing impose a huge burden on patients and the health-care system. The most widely used tools for appropriate prescription in older adults in England and in other European countries ... ...

Abstract	Background: Drug-related problems and potentially inappropriate prescribing impose a huge burden on patients and the health-care system. The most widely used tools for appropriate prescription in older adults in England and in other European countries are the Screening Tool of Older People’s Prescriptions (STOPP)/Screening Tool to Alert to the Right Treatment (START) tools. STOPP/START tools support medicines optimisation for older adults. Objectives: To identify, test and refine the programme theories underlying how interventions based on the STOPP/START tools are intended to work, for whom, in what circumstances and why, as well as the resource use and cost requirements or impacts. Design: A realist synthesis. Setting: Primary care, hospital care and nursing homes. Patients: Patients aged ≥ 65 years. Interventions: Any intervention based on the use of the STOPP/START tools. Review methods: Database and web-searching was carried out to retrieve relevant evidence to identify and test programme theories about how interventions based on the use of the STOPP/START tools work. A project reference group made up of health-care professionals, NHS decision-makers, older people, carers and members of the public was set up. In phase 1 we identified programme theories about STOPP/START interventions on how, for whom, in what contexts and why they are intended to work. We searched the peer-reviewed and grey literature to identify documents relevant to the research questions. We interviewed experts in the field in our reference group to gain input on our list of candidate context–mechanism–outcome configurations, to identify additional context–mechanism–outcome configurations and to identify additional literature and/or relevant concepts. In phase 2 we reviewed and synthesised relevant published and unpublished empirical evidence and tested the programme theories using evidence from a larger set of empirical studies. Results: We developed a single logic model structured around three key mechanisms: (1) personalisation, (2) ...
Keywords	medication review ; medication reconciliation ; inappropriate medication ; older adults ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	National Institute for Health Research
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Operationalizing the ecosystems approach: Assessing the environmental impact of major infrastructure development

Zawadzka, Joanna E / Jacqueline Fookes / Jim Harris / Jonathan Nichols / Ron Corstanje

Ecological indicators. 2017 July, v. 78

2017

Abstract: The ecosystem services approach is increasingly applied in the context of environmental resources management and impact assessment. Assessments often involve analysis of alternative scenarios for which potential changes in ecosystem services are ... ...

Abstract	The ecosystem services approach is increasingly applied in the context of environmental resources management and impact assessment. Assessments often involve analysis of alternative scenarios for which potential changes in ecosystem services are quantified. For such assessments to be effective there is a requirement to represent changes in ecosystem services supply in a clear and informative manner. Here we compute Ecosystem Services Ratio (ESR), a simple index that quantifies the relative change in ecosystem service provision under altered conditions given the baseline, and the Modified Ecosystem Services State Index, which averages the ESR scores obtained for each ecosystem service assessed, to provide an overall measure of the change. Given that modelling approaches to quantification of ecosystem services often result in production of maps of ecosystem supply, the proposed metrics can be visualized as maps in support to decision making processes. We use these indices to investigate potential changes in the supply of seven modelled ecosystem services resulting from the introduction of a major road development – a highway with associated green infrastructure – into a predominantly agricultural landscape in the UK. We find that the planted woodland, scrubland and grassland can increase the supply of multiple ecosystem services not accounted for in previous green infrastructure studies, although the magnitude of change differs with the type of vegetation, initial conditions and timeframes of the assessment.
Keywords	agricultural land ; decision making ; ecosystem services ; ecosystems ; environmental impact ; grasslands ; green infrastructure ; models ; shrublands ; woodlands ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-07
Size	p. 75-84.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2036774-0
ISSN	1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
ISSN (online)	1872-7034
ISSN	1470-160X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.03.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A framework to evaluate land degradation and restoration responses for improved planning and decision-making

Ram Pandit / John A. Parrotta / Ashok Kumar Chaudhary / Douglas L. Karlen / Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira / Yaakov Anker / Ruishan Chen / Joe Morris / Jim Harris / Phumza Ntshotsho

Ecosystems and People, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 18

Abstract: Avoiding, reducing or reversing land degradation will require increased restoration investments, carefully targeted and implemented to maximize environmental, economic and social benefits. Our objective was to develop a multi-criteria framework to assess ...

Abstract	Avoiding, reducing or reversing land degradation will require increased restoration investments, carefully targeted and implemented to maximize environmental, economic and social benefits. Our objective was to develop a multi-criteria framework to assess effectiveness of land degradation responses for enhanced land use planning and restoration by evaluating both direct biophysical and socio-economic responses and indirect effects of various restoration strategies. The effectiveness of restoration responses is demonstrated for degraded forestland using a comprehensive literature review and case study in Nepal. The results show that most forestland restoration responses have an ecological focus with tree planting being the dominant direct response and economic and financial instruments the indirect responses. The results confirmed that environmental desirability was the dominant factor and economic feasibility was secondary for assessing restoration responses. Cultural acceptability was given the least consideration. Among sub-criteria, improved vegetative structure was the dominant restoration response. This study, originating from the Land Degradation and Restoration Assessment of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, supports the view that the scientific community and decision-makers must give greater attention to cultural, social, technical, and political dimensions that influence the outcomes of restoration responses to solve the pervasive problem of land degradation.
Keywords	patricia balvanera ; Human ecology. Anthropogeography ; GF1-900 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evolution of Green Space under Rapid Urban Expansion in Southeast Asian Cities

Amal Najihah Muhamad Nor / Hasifah Abdul Aziz / Siti Aisyah Nawawi / Rohazaini Muhammad Jamil / Muhamad Azahar Abas / Kamarul Ariffin Hambali / Abdul Hafidz Yusoff / Norfadhilah Ibrahim / Nur Hairunnisa Rafaai / Ron Corstanje / Jim Harris / Darren Grafius / Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso

Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12024, p

2021 Volume 12024

Abstract: Globally, rapid urban expansion has caused green spaces in urban areas to decline considerably. In this study, the rapid expansion of three Southeast Asia cities were considered, namely, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia; Jakarta, Indonesia; and Metro Manila, ... ...

Abstract	Globally, rapid urban expansion has caused green spaces in urban areas to decline considerably. In this study, the rapid expansion of three Southeast Asia cities were considered, namely, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia; Jakarta, Indonesia; and Metro Manila, Philippines. This study evaluates the changes in spatial and temporal patterns of urban areas and green space structure in the three cities over the last two decades. Land use land cover (LULC) maps of the cities (1988/1989, 1999 and 2014) were developed based on 30-m resolution satellite images. The changes in the landscape and spatial structure were analysed using change detection, landscape metrics and statistical analysis. The percentage of green space in the three cities reduced in size from 45% to 20% with the rapid expansion of urban areas over the 25-year period. In Metro Manila and Jakarta, the proportion of green space converted to urban areas was higher in the initial 1989 to 1999 period than over the latter 1999 to 2014 period. Significant changes in green space structure were observed in Jakarta and Metro Manila. Green space gradually fragmented and became less connected and more unevenly distributed. These changes were not seen in Kuala Lumpur City. Overall, the impact of spatial structure of urban areas and population density on green space is higher in Jakarta and Metro Manila when this is compared to Kuala Lumpur. Thus, the results have the potential to clarify the relative contribution of green space structure especially for cities in Southeast Asia where only a few studies in urban areas have taken place.
Keywords	green space ; rapid urban expansion ; Southeast Asia cities ; spatiotemporal pattern ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	720 ; 710
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Measuring progress in status of land under forest landscape restoration using abiotic and biotic indicators

Dudley, Nigel / Shonil A. Bhagwat / Jim Harris / Stewart Maginnis / Jaime Garcia Moreno / Gregory M. Mueller / Sara Oldfield / Gretchen Walters

Restoration ecology. 2018 Jan., v. 26, no. 1

2018

Abstract: The paper suggests a minimum set of abiotic and biotic threshold indicators and progress indicators for forest landscape restoration (FLR), then also briefly discusses progress indicators of pressures and project outputs. FLR aims to restore multiple ... ...

Abstract	The paper suggests a minimum set of abiotic and biotic threshold indicators and progress indicators for forest landscape restoration (FLR), then also briefly discusses progress indicators of pressures and project outputs. FLR aims to restore multiple functions of forests at a landscape scale. It is predicated on the hypothesis that restoration produces enabling conditions for ecosystem services, including regulating services such as carbon sequestration and pollination, and provisioning services such as food and energy. As FLR gains greater uptake, it is increasingly important to monitor progress. The types of indicators required are influenced by the degree of forest loss and degradation. To measure the status of land under restoration, one or more abiotic and biotic threshold indicators are required, measuring the return of enabling conditions for restoration (soil quality, water, etc.), along with progress indicators measuring the reemergence of the ecosystem services. Although all elements of the proposed monitoring framework are well known, compiling them into a coherent system, suitable for application in a wide range of conditions, will take much further development.
Keywords	carbon sequestration ; ecosystem services ; energy ; forest restoration ; forests ; landscapes ; monitoring ; pollination ; soil quality
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-01
Size	p. 5-12.
Publishing place	Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	914746-9
ISSN	1526-100X ; 1061-2971
ISSN (online)	1526-100X
ISSN	1061-2971
DOI	10.1111/rec.12632
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The changing role of history in restoration ecology

Higgs, Eric / Donald A Falk / Anita Guerrini / Marcus Hall / Jim Harris / Richard J Hobbs / Stephen T Jackson / Jeanine M Rhemtulla / William Throop

Frontiers in ecology and the environment. 2014 Nov., v. 12, no. 9

2014

Abstract: In the face of rapid environmental and cultural change, orthodox concepts in restoration ecology such as historical fidelity are being challenged. Here we reâexamine the diverse roles played by historical knowledge in restoration, and argue that these ... ...

Abstract	In the face of rapid environmental and cultural change, orthodox concepts in restoration ecology such as historical fidelity are being challenged. Here we reâexamine the diverse roles played by historical knowledge in restoration, and argue that these roles remain vitally important. As such, historical knowledge will be critical in shaping restoration ecology in the future. Perhaps the most crucial role in shifting from the present version of restoration ecology (âv1.0â) to a newer formulation (âv2.0â) is the value of historical knowledge in guiding scientific interpretation, recognizing key ecological legacies, and influencing the choices available to practitioners of ecosystem intervention under conditions of openâended and rapid change.
Keywords	ecological restoration ; ecosystems ; history ; knowledge
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-11
Size	p. 499-506.
Publishing place	Ecological Society of America
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2110853-5
ISSN	1540-9309 ; 1540-9295
ISSN (online)	1540-9309
ISSN	1540-9295
DOI	10.1890/110267
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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