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Article ; Online: Data sharing

Jimmy Whitworth

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol 88, Iss 6, Pp 467-

reaching consensus

2010 Volume 468

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Public Health ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	World Health Organization
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 over four epidemic waves in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Marilia Sa Carvalho / Leonardo Soares Bastos / Trevon Fuller / Owaldo Gonçalves Cruz / Luana Damasceno / Guilherme Calvet / Paola Cristina Resende / Chris Smith / Jimmy Whitworth / Marilda Siqueira / Patricia Brasil

The Lancet Regional Health. Americas, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100283- (2022)

A prospective cohort study

2022

Abstract: Summary: Background: Incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections in low-resource communities can inform vaccination strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Our objective was to estimate incidence over four epidemic waves in a slum in Rio de ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: Incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections in low-resource communities can inform vaccination strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Our objective was to estimate incidence over four epidemic waves in a slum in Rio de Janeiro, a proxy for economically deprived areas in the Global South. Methods: Prospective cohort of children and household contacts screened for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR and serology (IgG). The incidence density of PCR positive infections estimated for each wave - the first wave, Zeta, Gamma and Delta - was compared to an index combining NPIs and vaccination coverage. Findings: 718 families and 2501 individuals were enrolled, from May 2020 to November 2021. The incidence density of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the first wave was 2, 3 times that of the other waves. The incidence among children was lower than that of older participants, except in later waves, when vaccination of the elderly reached 90%. Household agglomeration was significantly associated with incidence only during the first wave. Interpretation: The incidence of infection greatly exceeded rates reported in similar cohorts. The observed reduction in incidence in the elderly during the Delta variant wave, in spite of the rollback of NPIs, can be attributed to increased vaccine coverage. The high incidence in young people reinforces the importance of vaccination in this age group, a policy that has yet to receive the full support of some sectors of society. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, Foundation for the Advancement of Science of the State of Rio de Janeiro, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development.
Keywords	Incidence density ; COVID-19 ; Household transmission ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Ministry of Health and Sanitation – Public Health England (MOHS-PHE) Ebola Biobank [version 1; peer review

Bernie Hannigan / Jimmy Whitworth / Miles Carroll / Allen Roberts / Christine Bruce / Thomas Samba / Foday Sahr / Elizabeth Coates

Wellcome Open Research, Vol

2 approved]

2019 Volume 4

Abstract: During the Ebola outbreak in 2014-2015 in Sierra Leone, residual clinical specimens and accompanying data were collected from routine diagnostic testing in Public Health England (PHE) led laboratories. Most of the samples with all the accompanying data ... ...

Abstract	During the Ebola outbreak in 2014-2015 in Sierra Leone, residual clinical specimens and accompanying data were collected from routine diagnostic testing in Public Health England (PHE) led laboratories. Most of the samples with all the accompanying data were transferred to PHE laboratories in the UK for curation by PHE. The remainder have been kept securely in Sierra Leone. The biobank holds approximately 9955 samples of which 1108 tested positive for Ebola virus. Researchers from the UK and overseas, from academia, government other research organisations and commercial companies can submit proposals to the biobank to access and use the samples. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation in Sierra Leone (MOHS) retains ownership of the data and materials and is working with PHE and other researchers to develop and conduct a series of research projects that will inform future healthcare and public health strategies relating to Ebola. The Ebola Biobank Governance Group (EBGG) was established to guarantee equality of access to the biobank for the most scientifically valuable research including by researchers from low and middle-income countries. Ensuring benefit to the people of Sierra Leone is an over-arching principle for decisions of the EBGG. Four ongoing research collaborations are based on the first wave of biobank proposals approved by EBGG. Whilst the biobank is a valuable resource its completeness and sample quality are consistent with the outbreak conditions under which they were collected.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wellcome
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone – Public Health England (MOHS-PHE) Ebola Biobank [version 2; peer review

Bernie Hannigan / Jimmy Whitworth / Miles Carroll / Allen Roberts / Christine Bruce / Thomas Samba / Foday Sahr / Elizabeth Coates

Wellcome Open Research, Vol

2 approved]

2019 Volume 4

Abstract	During the Ebola outbreak in 2014-2015 in Sierra Leone, residual clinical specimens and accompanying data were collected from routine diagnostic testing in Public Health England (PHE) led laboratories. Most of the samples with all the accompanying data were transferred to PHE laboratories in the UK for curation by PHE. The remainder have been kept securely in Sierra Leone. The biobank holds approximately 9955 samples of which 1108 tested positive for Ebola virus. Researchers from the UK and overseas, from academia, government other research organisations and commercial companies can submit proposals to the biobank to access and use the samples. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation in Sierra Leone (MOHS) retains ownership of the data and materials and is working with PHE and other researchers to develop and conduct a series of research projects that will inform future healthcare and public health strategies relating to Ebola. The Ebola Biobank Governance Group (EBGG) was established to guarantee equality of access to the biobank for the most scientifically valuable research including by researchers from low and middle-income countries. Ensuring benefit to the people of Sierra Leone is an over-arching principle for decisions of the EBGG. Four ongoing research collaborations are based on the first wave of biobank proposals approved by EBGG. Whilst the biobank is a valuable resource its completeness and sample quality are consistent with the outbreak conditions under which they were collected.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wellcome
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Zika seroprevalence declines and neutralizing antibodies wane in adults following outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji

Alasdair D Henderson / Maite Aubry / Mike Kama / Jessica Vanhomwegen / Anita Teissier / Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle / Tuterarii Paoaafaite / Yoann Teissier / Jean-Claude Manuguerra / John Edmunds / Jimmy Whitworth / Conall H Watson / Colleen L Lau / Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau / Adam J Kucharski

eLife, Vol

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: It has been commonly assumed that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection confers long-term protection against reinfection, preventing ZIKV from re-emerging in previously affected areas for several years. However, the long-term immune response to ZIKV following an ... ...

Abstract	It has been commonly assumed that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection confers long-term protection against reinfection, preventing ZIKV from re-emerging in previously affected areas for several years. However, the long-term immune response to ZIKV following an outbreak remains poorly documented. We compared results from eight serological surveys before and after known ZIKV outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We found evidence of a decline in seroprevalence in both countries over a two-year period following first reported ZIKV transmission. This decline was concentrated in adults, while high seroprevalence persisted in children. In the Fiji cohort, there was also a significant decline in neutralizing antibody titres against ZIKV, but not against dengue viruses that circulated during the same period.
Keywords	Zika ; dengue ; seroprevalence ; antibody response ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Interactions between timing and transmissibility explain diverse flavivirus dynamics in Fiji

Alasdair D. Henderson / Mike Kama / Maite Aubry / Stephane Hue / Anita Teissier / Taina Naivalu / Vinaisi D. Bechu / Jimaima Kailawadoko / Isireli Rabukawaqa / Aalisha Sahukhan / Martin L. Hibberd / Eric J. Nilles / Sebastian Funk / Jimmy Whitworth / Conall H. Watson / Colleen L. Lau / W. John Edmunds / Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau / Adam J. Kucharski

Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Dengue and Zika virus are closely related flaviviruses but can have contrasting transmission dynamics in the same populations. Here, the authors use a model combining serological, surveillance and viral sequence data to explain differences in ... ...

Abstract	Dengue and Zika virus are closely related flaviviruses but can have contrasting transmission dynamics in the same populations. Here, the authors use a model combining serological, surveillance and viral sequence data to explain differences in transmission dynamics in Fiji.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus and living conditions in Feira de Santana, Bahia-Brazil.

Maria Glória Teixeira / Lacita Menezes Skalinski / Enny S Paixão / Maria da Conceição N Costa / Florisneide Rodrigues Barreto / Gubio Soares Campos / Silvia Ines Sardi / Rejane Hughes Carvalho / Marcio Natividade / Martha Itaparica / Juarez Pereira Dias / Soraya Castro Trindade / Bárbara Pereira Teixeira / Vanessa Morato / Eloisa Bahia Santana / Cristina Borges Goes / Neuza Santos de Jesus Silva / Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles Santos / Laura C Rodrigues /

Jimmy Whitworth

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e

2021 Volume 0009289

Abstract: Background Chikungunya is an arbovirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which emerged in the Americas in 2013 and spread rapidly to almost every country on this continent. In Brazil, where the first cases were detected in 2014, it currently has reached ... ...

Abstract	Background Chikungunya is an arbovirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which emerged in the Americas in 2013 and spread rapidly to almost every country on this continent. In Brazil, where the first cases were detected in 2014, it currently has reached all regions of this country and more than 900,000 cases were reported. The clinical spectrum of chikungunya ranges from an acute self-limiting form to disabling chronic forms. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection in a large Brazilian city and investigate the association between viral circulation and living condition. Methodology/principal findings We conducted a population-based ecological study in selected Sentinel Areas (SA) through household interviews and a serologic survey in 2016/2017. The sample was of 1,981 individuals randomly selected. The CHIKV seroprevalence was 22.1% (17.1 IgG, 2.3 IgM, and 1.4 IgG and IgM) and varied between SA from 2.0% to 70.5%. The seroprevalence was significantly lower in SA with high living conditions compared to SA with low living condition. There was a positive association between CHIKV seroprevalence and population density (r = 0.2389; p = 0.02033). Conclusions/significance The seroprevalence in this city was 2.6 times lower than the 57% observed in a study conducted in the epicentre of the CHIKV epidemic of this same urban centre. So, the herd immunity in this general population, after four years of circulation of this agent is relatively low. It indicates that CHIKV transmission may persist in that city, either in endemic form or in the form of a new epidemic, because the vector infestation is persistent. Besides, the significantly lower seroprevalences in SA of higher Living Condition suggest that beyond the surveillance of the disease, vector control and specific actions of basic sanitation, the reduction of the incidence of this infection also depends on the improvement of the general living conditions of the population.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	720
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan

Hilary Bower / Mubarak El Karsany / Mazza Alzain / Benedict Gannon / Rehab Mohamed / Iman Mahmoud / Mawahib Eldegail / Rihab Taha / Abdalla Osman / Salim Mohamednour / Amanda Semper / Barry Atkinson / Daniel Carter / Stuart Dowall / Jenna Furneaux / Victoria Graham / Jack Mellors / Jane Osborne / Steven T Pullan /

Gillian S Slack / Tim Brooks / Roger Hewson / Nicholas J Beeching / Jimmy Whitworth / Daniel G Bausch / Tom E Fletcher

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e

A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study.

2019 Volume 0007571

Abstract: Background Undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) is one of the most common reasons for people seeking healthcare in low-income countries. While illness and death due to specific infections such as malaria are often well-quantified, others are frequently ...

Abstract	Background Undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) is one of the most common reasons for people seeking healthcare in low-income countries. While illness and death due to specific infections such as malaria are often well-quantified, others are frequently uncounted and their impact underappreciated. A number of high consequence infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, are endemic or epidemic in the Federal Republic of Sudan which has experienced at least 12 UFI outbreaks, frequently associated with haemorrhage and high case fatality rates (CFR), since 2012. One of these occurred in Darfur in 2015/2016 with 594 cases and 108 deaths (CFR 18.2%). The aetiology of these outbreaks remains unknown. Methodology/principal findings We report a retrospective cohort study of the 2015/2016 Darfur outbreak, using a subset of 65 of 263 outbreak samples received by the National Public Health Laboratory which met selection criteria of sufficient sample volume and epidemiological data. Clinical features included fever (95.8%), bleeding (95.7%), headache (51.6%) and arthralgia (42.2%). No epidemiological patterns indicative of person-to-person transmission or health-worker cases were reported. Samples were tested at the Public Health England Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory using a bespoke panel of likely pathogens including haemorrhagic fever viruses, arboviruses and Rickettsia, Leptospira and Borrelia spp. Seven (11%) were positive for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) by real-time reverse transcription PCR. The remaining samples tested negative on all assays. Conclusions/significance CCHFV is an important cause of fever and haemorrhage in Darfur, but not the sole major source of UFI outbreaks in Sudan. Prospective studies are needed to explore other aetiologies, including novel pathogens. The presence of CCHFV has critical infection, prevention and control as well as clinical implications for future response. Our study reinforces the need to boost surveillance, lab and investigative capacity to underpin ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Host HLA B*allele-associated multi-clade Gag T-cell recognition correlates with slow HIV-1 disease progression in antiretroviral therapy-naïve Ugandans.

Jennifer Serwanga / Leigh Anne Shafer / Edward Pimego / Betty Auma / Christine Watera / Samantha Rowland / David Yirrell / Pietro Pala / Heiner Grosskurth / Jimmy Whitworth / Frances Gotch / Pontiano Kaleebu

PLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 1, p e

2009 Volume 4188

Abstract: Some HIV infected individuals remain asymptomatic for protracted periods of time in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Virological control, CD4 T cell loss and HIV-specific responses are some of the key interrelated determinants of HIV-1 ... ...

Abstract	Some HIV infected individuals remain asymptomatic for protracted periods of time in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Virological control, CD4 T cell loss and HIV-specific responses are some of the key interrelated determinants of HIV-1 disease progression. In this study, possible interactions between viral load, CD4 T cell slopes, host genetics and HIV-specific IFN-gamma responses were evaluated in chronically HIV-1-infected adults.Multilevel regression modeling was used to stratify clade A or D HIV-infected individuals into disease progression groups based on CD4 T cell slopes. ELISpot assays were used to quantify the frequency and magnitude of HIV-induced IFN-gamma responses in 7 defined rapid progressors (RPs) and 14 defined slow progressors (SPs) at a single time point. HLA typing was performed using reference strand conformational analysis (RSCA). Although neither the breadth nor the magnitude of the proteome-wide HIV-specific IFN-gamma response correlated with viral load, slow disease progression was associated with over-representation of host immunogenetic protective HLA B* alleles (10 of 14 SPs compared to 0 of 7; p = 0.004, Fisher's Exact) especially B57 and B5801, multiclade Gag T-cell targeting (71%, 10 of 14 SPs compared to 14%, 1 of 7 RPs); p = 0.029, Fisher's Exact test and evident virological control (3.65 compared to 5.46 log10 copies/mL in SPs and RPs respectively); p<0.001, unpaired student's t-testThese data are consistent with others that associated protection from HIV disease with inherent host HLA B allele-mediated ability to induce broader Gag T-cell targeting coupled with apparent virological control. These immunogenetic features of Gag-specific immune response which could influence disease progression may provide useful insight in future HIV vaccine design.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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