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Article ; Online: Generation gaps in US public opinion on renewable energy and climate change.

Lawrence C Hamilton / Joel Hartter / Erin Bell

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 7, p e

2019 Volume 0217608

Abstract: The topics of climate change and renewable energy are often linked in policy discussions and scientific analysis, but public opinion on these topics exhibits both overlap and divergence. Although renewable energy has potentially broader acceptance than ... ...

Abstract	The topics of climate change and renewable energy are often linked in policy discussions and scientific analysis, but public opinion on these topics exhibits both overlap and divergence. Although renewable energy has potentially broader acceptance than anthropogenic climate change, it can also face differently-based opposition. Analyses of US and regional surveys, including time series of repeated surveys in New Hampshire (2010-2018) and northeast Oregon (2011-2018), explore the social bases and trends of public views on both issues. Political divisions are prominent, although somewhat greater regarding climate change due to substantive differences and more partisan opposition. Regarding climate change and to a lesser extent renewable energy, political divisions tends to widen with education. There also are robust age and temporal effects: younger adults more often prioritize renewable energy development, and agree with scientists on the reality of anthropogenic climate change (ACC). Across all age groups and both regional series, support for renewable energy and recognition of ACC have been gradually rising. Contrary to widespread speculation, these trends have not visibly responded to events such as the US hurricanes of 2012, 2017 or 2018. Together with age-cohort replacement and the potential for changes in age-group voting participation, however, the gradual trends suggest that public pressure for action on these issues could grow.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Livelihood diversification, mobile phones and information diversity in Northern Tanzania

Baird, Timothy D / Joel Hartter

Land use policy. 2017 Sept., v. 67

2017

Abstract: Throughout the developing world, households are diversifying their livelihood activities to manage risk and improve their lives. Many studies have focused on the material causes and consequences of this diversification. Few, however, have examined how ... ...

Abstract	Throughout the developing world, households are diversifying their livelihood activities to manage risk and improve their lives. Many studies have focused on the material causes and consequences of this diversification. Few, however, have examined how diversifying groups establish new patterns of communication and information exchange with others. This paper examines the relationship between livelihood diversification and information diversity among agro-pastoralist Maasai in northern Tanzania, where new mobile phone use is common. Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis are used to (1) describe how Maasai use phones to manage diverse livelihoods; and (2) assess the relationship between livelihood diversification and measures of information diversity, controlling for other factors. The findings indicate that households use phones in ways that support existing activities rather than transform them and that the relationship between livelihood diversification and information diversity is positive, non-linear, and significant.
Keywords	agropastoralism ; households ; information exchange ; livelihood ; quantitative analysis ; risk ; Tanzania
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-09
Size	p. 460-471.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	852476-2
ISSN	0264-8377
ISSN	0264-8377
DOI	10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.031
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Wolves are back

Lawrence C. Hamilton / Joanna E. Lambert / Lydia Anne Lawhon / Jonathan Salerno / Joel Hartter

Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 2, Iss 7, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)

Sociopolitical identity and opinions on management of Canis lupus

2020

Abstract: Abstract Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were eliminated from the state of Oregon in the middle of the 20th century. By the early 21st century, wolves had returned to the northeast corner of the state, dispersing from populations reintroduced in Idaho and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were eliminated from the state of Oregon in the middle of the 20th century. By the early 21st century, wolves had returned to the northeast corner of the state, dispersing from populations reintroduced in Idaho and Wyoming. On a series of random‐sample telephone surveys (2011–2018), we asked more than 3,000 northeast Oregon residents about their preferences concerning wolf management strategies. One‐third of the respondents said that wolves should be eliminated from this region. Sociopolitical identity dominated other individual characteristics including age, education, years resident, and forestland ownership in predicting wolf‐management views. Political effects appear even stronger when our indicator distinguishes the most conservative, and further intensify when most of the respondent's friends belong to the same party. This strong influence of sociopolitical identity echoes findings from the broader literature on environmental concern, but adds a new and policy‐relevant element to wolf‐attitude research. As wolves expand throughout the west, and new states consider reintroduction, state and federal wildlife managers face deeply rooted opposition. Managers must consider a range of strategies to manage wolves while working with community leaders in wolf‐occupied areas to determine management options.
Keywords	control ; opinion ; oregon ; politics ; predator ; public ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: "There are many fevers"

Michael Wandanje Mahero / Katherine M Pelican / Jacinta M Waila / Shamilah Namusisi / Innocent B Rwego / Charles Kajura / Christopher Nyatuna / David R Boulware / Joel Hartter / Lawrence Mugisha / Cheryl Robertson / Dominic A Travis

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 2, p e

Communities' perception and management of Febrile illness and its relationship with human animal interactions in South-Western Uganda.

2022 Volume 0010125

Abstract: Diagnosing the causative agent of febrile illness in resource-limited countries is a challenge in part due to lack of adequate diagnostic infrastructure to confirm cause of infection. Most febrile illnesses (>60%) are non-malarial, with a significant ... ...

Abstract	Diagnosing the causative agent of febrile illness in resource-limited countries is a challenge in part due to lack of adequate diagnostic infrastructure to confirm cause of infection. Most febrile illnesses (>60%) are non-malarial, with a significant proportion being zoonotic and likely from animal origins. To better characterize the pathways for zoonotic disease transmission and control in vulnerable communities, adequate information on the communities' experiences and lexicon describing fever, and their understanding and perceptions of risk pathways is required. We undertook an ethnographic study to understand behaviors, exposures, and attitudes toward fever at the community level. Our hope is to better elucidate areas of priority surveillance and diagnostic investment. A focused ethnography consisting of participant observation, informal conversations, 4 barazas (community meetings), and formal ethnographic interviews (13 Focus group discussions and 17 Key informant interviews) was conducted between April and November 2015 in Kasese and Hoima Districts in Uganda. Perception of illness and associated risk factors was heavily influenced by the predominant livelihood activity of the community. The term "fever" referred to multiple temperature elevating disease processes, recognized as distinct pathological occurrences. However, malaria was the illness often cited, treated, or diagnosed both at the health facilities and through self-diagnosis and treatment. As expected, fever is as an important health challenge affecting all ages. Recognition of malarial fever was consistent with a biomedical model of disease while non-malarial fevers were interpreted mainly through ethno etiological models of explanation. These models are currently being used to inform education and prevention strategies and treatment regimens toward the goal of improving patients' outcomes and confidence in the health system. Development of treatment algorithms that consider social, cultural, and economic contexts, especially where ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Using Very-High-Resolution Multispectral Classification to Estimate Savanna Fractional Vegetation Components

Andrea E. Gaughan / Nicholas E. Kolarik / Forrest R. Stevens / Narcisa G. Pricope / Lin Cassidy / Jonathan Salerno / Karen M. Bailey / Michael Drake / Kyle Woodward / Joel Hartter

Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 551, p

2022 Volume 551

Abstract: Characterizing compositional and structural aspects of vegetation is critical to effectively assessing land function. When priorities are placed on ecological integrity, remotely sensed estimates of fractional vegetation components (FVCs) are useful for ... ...

Abstract	Characterizing compositional and structural aspects of vegetation is critical to effectively assessing land function. When priorities are placed on ecological integrity, remotely sensed estimates of fractional vegetation components (FVCs) are useful for measuring landscape-level habitat structure and function. In this study, we address whether FVC estimates, stratified by dominant vegetation type, vary with different classification approaches applied to very-high-resolution small unoccupied aerial system (UAS)-derived imagery. Using Parrot Sequoia imagery, flown on a DJI Mavic Pro micro-quadcopter, we compare pixel- and segment-based random forest classifiers alongside a vegetation height-threshold model for characterizing the FVC in a southern African dryland savanna. Results show differences in agreement between each classification method, with the most disagreement in shrub-dominated sites. When compared to vegetation classes chosen by visual identification, the pixel-based random forest classifier had the highest overall agreement and was the only classifier not to differ significantly from the hand-delineated FVC estimation. However, when separating out woody biomass components of tree and shrub, the vegetation height-threshold performed better than both random-forest approaches. These findings underscore the utility and challenges represented by very-high-resolution multispectral UAS-derived data (~10 cm ground resolution) and their uses to estimate FVC. Semi-automated approaches statistically differ from by-hand estimation in most cases; however, we present insights for approaches that are applicable across varying vegetation types and structural conditions. Importantly, characterization of savanna land function cannot rely only on a “greenness” measure but also requires a structural vegetation component. Underscoring these insights is that the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation structure on the landscape broadly informs land management, from land allocation, wildlife habitat use, natural resource ...
Keywords	savannas ; vegetation composition ; Africa ; random forest classifier ; vegetation structure ; unoccupied aerial systems ; Science ; Q
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trust in Scientists on Climate Change and Vaccines

Lawrence C. Hamilton / Joel Hartter / Kei Saito

SAGE Open, Vol

2015 Volume 5

Abstract: On climate change and other topics, conservatives have taken positions at odds with a strong scientific consensus. Claims that this indicates a broad conservative distrust of science have been countered by assertions that while conservatives might oppose ...

Abstract	On climate change and other topics, conservatives have taken positions at odds with a strong scientific consensus. Claims that this indicates a broad conservative distrust of science have been countered by assertions that while conservatives might oppose the scientific consensus on climate change or evolution, liberals oppose scientists on some other domains such as vaccines. Evidence for disproportionately liberal bias against science on vaccines has been largely anecdotal, however. Here, we test this proposition of opposite biases using 2014 survey data from Oregon and New Hampshire. Across vaccine as well as climate change questions on each of these two surveys, we find that Democrats are most likely to say they trust scientists for information, and Tea Party supporters are least likely, contradicting the proposition of opposite bias. Moreover, partisan divisions tend to widen with education. Theoretical explanations that have been offered for liberal trust or conservative distrust of science in other specific domains such as climate change or environmental protection fit less well with these results on vaccines. Given the much different content of climate change and vaccine issues, the common political pattern appears more consistent with hypotheses of broader ideological divisions on acceptance of science.
Keywords	History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	501
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Recent intensification of the seasonal rainfall cycle in equatorial Africa revealed by farmer perceptions, satellite-based estimates, and ground-based station measurements

Salerno, Jonathan / Jeremy E. Diem / Bronwen L. Konecky / Joel Hartter

Climatic change. 2019 Mar., v. 153, no. 1-2

2019

Abstract: Smallholder farmers and livestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa are on the frontlines of climate variability and change. Yet, in many regions, a paucity of weather and climate data has prevented rigorous assessment of recent climate trends and their ... ...

Abstract	Smallholder farmers and livestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa are on the frontlines of climate variability and change. Yet, in many regions, a paucity of weather and climate data has prevented rigorous assessment of recent climate trends and their causes, thereby limiting the effectiveness of forecasts and other services for climate adaptation. In rainfed systems, farmer perceptions of changing rainfall and weather patterns are important precursors for annual cropping decisions. Here, we propose that combining such farmer perceptions of trends in seasonal rainfall with satellite-based rainfall estimates and climate station data can reduce uncertainties regarding regional climatic trends. In western Uganda, a rural and climatically complex transition zone between eastern and central equatorial Africa, data from 980 smallholder households suggest distinct changes in seasonal bimodal rainfall over recent decades, specifically wetter rainy seasons and drier dry seasons. Data from three satellite-based rainfall products beginning in 1983 largely corroborate respondent perceptions over the last 10–20 years, particularly in the southernmost sites near Queen Elizabeth National Park. In addition, combining all three information sources suggests an increasing trend in annual rainfall, most prominently in the north near Murchison Falls National Park over the past two decades; this runs counter to recent research asserting the presence of a drying trend in the region. Our study is unique in evaluating and cross-validating these multiple data sources to identify climatic change affecting people in a poorly understood region, while providing insights into regional-scale climate controls.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; dry season ; drying ; farmers ; farmers' attitudes ; households ; information sources ; livestock ; meteorological data ; national parks ; rain ; rainfed farming ; satellites ; uncertainty ; wet season ; Uganda
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-03
Size	p. 123-139.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751086-x
ISSN	0165-0009
ISSN	0165-0009
DOI	10.1007/s10584-019-02370-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Characterizing Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners' Forest Management Engagement and Advice Sources

Crowley, Morgan A / Joel Hartter / Russell G. Congalton / Lawrence C. Hamilton / Nils D. Christoffersen

Society & natural resources. 2019 Feb. 1, v. 32, no. 2

2019

Abstract: Non-industrial private forestland (NIPF) owners have options for engagement by following management strategies that reduce wildfire risk on their forestlands. Forest management engagement is a broad term with underlying categories and management ... ...

Abstract	Non-industrial private forestland (NIPF) owners have options for engagement by following management strategies that reduce wildfire risk on their forestlands. Forest management engagement is a broad term with underlying categories and management implications. To better understand these categories, we examine interview data on the engagement of forest landowners from a case study of private forestland owner perspectives in northeast Oregon, USA. NIPF landowners outline two types of forest management engagement, one for property and one for community-focused forestland management. NIPF owners describe actions for engagement in public forestland management and how these actions differ from engagement in private management. Additionally, NIPF owners establish barriers to engagement in both public and private forestland management. Our findings can be used to better identify unengaged private forestland owners in the U.S. West, informing the design and implementation of extension and outreach for NIPF owners.
Keywords	case studies ; forest land ; forest management ; forests ; landowners ; nonindustrial private forests ; outreach ; risk ; wildfires ; Oregon
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0201
Size	p. 204-221.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2018099-8
ISSN	1521-0723 ; 0894-1920
ISSN (online)	1521-0723
ISSN	0894-1920
DOI	10.1080/08941920.2018.1505013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Assessing the impacts of oil exploration and restoration on mammals in Murchison Falls Conservation Area, Uganda

Fuda, Rebecca K / Sadie J. Ryan / Jonathan B. Cohen / Joel Hartter / Jacqueline L. Frair

African journal of ecology. 2018 Dec., v. 56, no. 4

2018

Abstract: Global energy demand has driven expansion of oil and gas extraction into African protected areas, raising concern about potential deleterious impacts on wildlife. Efforts aim to restore extraction sites to their original condition, but may take many ... ...

Abstract	Global energy demand has driven expansion of oil and gas extraction into African protected areas, raising concern about potential deleterious impacts on wildlife. Efforts aim to restore extraction sites to their original condition, but may take many years to be successful. We analysed the impact of human disturbance (road density, distance to border, sound levels and the presence of restored oil drill pads) on mammal distributions in Murchison Falls Conservation Area (MFCA), Uganda. We detected 27 mammal species using camera trap surveys within three disturbance‐related strata: restored (<500 m from a restored drill pad), disturbed matrix (within the disturbed landscape but >1 km from a disturbance feature) and remote (>3 km from any disturbance). Herbivore species richness was greater within the disturbed matrix and at restored sites compared to remote areas, whereas species richness did not vary by strata for other guilds. Occupancy models fit for 15 relatively common species indicated no difference in occupancy probability across the three strata, but giraffe occupancy was higher at sites with more restored drill pads. Most species did not avoid areas of high human disturbance in this study, and new vegetation growth may attract some herbivores to restored oil sites.
Keywords	anthropogenic activities ; cameras ; conservation areas ; energy ; herbivores ; landscapes ; mammals ; models ; oils ; probability ; species richness ; surveys ; vegetation ; wildlife ; Uganda
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 804-817.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2019879-6
ISSN	1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
ISSN (online)	1365-2028
ISSN	0141-6707
DOI	10.1111/aje.12568
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Drilling through Conservation Policy

Catrina A MacKenzie / Rebecca K Fuda / Sadie Jane Ryan / Joel Hartter

Conservation & Society, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp 322-

Oil Exploration in Murchison Falls Protected Area, Uganda

2017 Volume 333

Abstract: Approximately 2.5 billion barrels of commercially-viable oil, worth $2 billion in annual revenue for 20 years, were discovered under the Ugandan portion of the Albertine Rift in 2006. The region also contains seven of Uganda's protected areas and a ... ...

Abstract	Approximately 2.5 billion barrels of commercially-viable oil, worth $2 billion in annual revenue for 20 years, were discovered under the Ugandan portion of the Albertine Rift in 2006. The region also contains seven of Uganda's protected areas and a growing ecotourism industry. We conducted interviews and focus groups in and around Murchison Falls Protected Area, Uganda's largest, oldest, and most visited protected area, to assess the interaction of oil exploration with the three primary conservation policies employed by Uganda Wildlife Authority: protectionism, neoliberal capital accumulation, and community-based conservation. We find that oil extraction is legally permitted inside protected areas in Uganda, like many other African countries, and that the wildlife authority and oil companies are adapting to co-exist inside a protected area. Our primary argument is that neoliberal capital accumulation as a conservation policy actually makes protected areas more vulnerable to industrial exploitation because nature is commodified, allowing economic value and profitability of land uses to determine how nature is exploited. Our secondary argument is that the conditional nature of protected area access inherent within the protectionist policy permits oil extraction within Murchison Falls Protected Area. Finally, we argue that community-based conservation, as operationalized in Uganda, has no role in defending protected areas against oil industrialisation.
Keywords	Protectionism ; neoliberal conservation ; community-based conservation ; oil exploration ; ecotourism ; protected area ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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