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Article ; Online: Future-proofing ecosystem restoration through enhancing adaptive capacity

Marina Frietsch / Jacqueline Loos / Katharina Löhr / Stefan Sieber / Joern Fischer

Communications Biology, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 9

Abstract: This Perspective piece outlines potential avenues to support ecosystem restoration projects into the future. ...

Abstract	This Perspective piece outlines potential avenues to support ecosystem restoration projects into the future.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Toward a pluralistic conservation science

Graeme S. Cumming / Zoe G. Davies / Joern Fischer / Reem Hajjar

Conservation Letters, Vol 16, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

2023

Abstract: Abstract This editorial reflects on the history of the conservation movement, the strong continuing influence of its colonial past, and the counter‐emergence of a more pluralistic and respectful worldview. Conservation Letters seeks to support and foster ...

Abstract	Abstract This editorial reflects on the history of the conservation movement, the strong continuing influence of its colonial past, and the counter‐emergence of a more pluralistic and respectful worldview. Conservation Letters seeks to support and foster an ethical and inclusive discipline of conservation that discards elements of its colonial and racist history. This will involve broadening the disciplinary scope of “conservation” and paying greater attention to traditional ecological knowledge and nonwestern conservation approaches. We also see a particular need for theoretical advances that guide conservation practice by informing and connecting different kinds of expertise to understand social‐ecological interactions and their implications for both people and ecosystems. Conservation can and should play a vital role in securing the joint future of ecosystems and people, but it will only achieve its full potential if it retains its social license and stays relevant to emerging concerns and values.
Keywords	biodiversity ; conservation biology ; conservation practice ; Indigenous knowledge ; justice ; wildlife management ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Does money “buy” tolerance toward damage‐causing wildlife?

Ruth Kansky / Martin Kidd / Joern Fischer

Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

2021

Abstract: Abstract The Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area supports large‐scale migrations of wildlife that occur in a mixed agri‐conservation landscape in five Southern African countries. Human–Wildlife Conflict is a key challenge and understanding ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area supports large‐scale migrations of wildlife that occur in a mixed agri‐conservation landscape in five Southern African countries. Human–Wildlife Conflict is a key challenge and understanding the drivers of communities' willingness to coexist with wildlife is thus critical. Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a widely used economic approach to foster human‐wildlife coexistence with the assumption that monetary benefits can “buy” tolerance by offsetting the disservices of living with wildlife. We tested this assumption and hypothesized that Namibians would be more tolerant towards wildlife than Zambians because they received higher monetary benefits from wildlife. We used the Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) as the framework to define tolerance and identify tolerance drivers. We found Namibians tolerance was higher for lion, elephant and hyena but not for kudu and baboon. After controlling for confounding variables of the WTM that could potentially explain differences in tolerance, contrary to expectation, the monetary benefits did not account for higher Namibian tolerance. Instead, only nonmonetary benefits explained the higher tolerance. We used crowding theory to explain this finding, proposing that CBNRM in Namibia and the monetary benefits from the program “crowd in” intrinsic motivation to appreciate and tolerate wildlife.
Keywords	benefits ; coexistence ; community based natural resource management ; costs ; crowding theory ; governance ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bridging scenario planning and backcasting

Tolera Senbeto Jiren / David James Abson / Jannik Schultner / Maraja Riechers / Joern Fischer

People and Nature, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 572-

A Q‐analysis of divergent stakeholder priorities for future landscapes

2023 Volume 590

Abstract: Abstract Many landscapes in sub‐Saharan Africa have undergone rapid changes, often with negative social and ecological impacts. Avoiding (or reversing) such negative impacts requires proactive landscape planning. Scenario planning, a participatory ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Many landscapes in sub‐Saharan Africa have undergone rapid changes, often with negative social and ecological impacts. Avoiding (or reversing) such negative impacts requires proactive landscape planning. Scenario planning, a participatory approach that generates narratives of plausible landscape change trajectories in the future, has been widely used to support landscape planning and decisions. However, not least because of challenges arising from group dynamics, few examples exist where backcasting—the collective envisioning of a desirable future landscape and the identification of pathways to reach that future—has been applied in landscape planning. In this study, building on past scenario planning work in southwestern Ethiopia, we begin to fill this empirical and methodological gap. Specifically, we used the Q‐methodology to elucidate stakeholders' divergent landscape aspirations in a case study in southwestern Ethiopia. Our results show that many stakeholders share a similar vision of building a future landscape that supports smallholder‐based development. However, details in the envisaged pathways differ between stakeholders. Three distinct pathways were prioritized by different stakeholders: (1) Agroecological production, (2) Coffee investment and (3) Intensive food crop production. Accounting for these divergent aspirations is important when taking further steps in landscape planning. We show how using the Q‐methodology as a subjective assessment of stakeholders' landscape priorities can facilitate the integration of backcasting within the normative process of landscape planning. Our approach thus helps navigate conflicting stakeholders' preferences and based on that, carefully plan collective action towards a shared landscape vision. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Keywords	backcasting ; landscape ; Q‐methodology ; scenario ; stakeholder ; visioning ; Human ecology. Anthropogeography ; GF1-900 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Resilience principles and a leverage points perspective for sustainable woody vegetation management in a social-ecological system of southwestern Ethiopia

Girma Shumi / Hannah Wahler / Maraja Riechers / Feyera Senbeta / David J. Abson / Jannik Schultner / Joern Fischer

Ecology and Society, Vol 28, Iss 2, p

2023 Volume 34

Abstract: Addressing ecosystem destruction and unsustainable development requires appropriate frameworks to comprehensively investigate social-ecological systems. Focusing on woody plant management in southwestern Ethiopia, we combined social-ecological resilience ...

Abstract	Addressing ecosystem destruction and unsustainable development requires appropriate frameworks to comprehensively investigate social-ecological systems. Focusing on woody plant management in southwestern Ethiopia, we combined social-ecological resilience and a leverage points perspective to (1) assess how stakeholders perceive and operationalize resilience principles; (2) investigate resilience challenges and solutions across different levels of systemic depth; and (3) assess how different stakeholder groups noted challenges and solutions at different levels of system depth. Data were collected in focus group discussions with multiple types of stakeholders and analyzed via quantitative content and descriptive analysis. All stakeholder groups identified two principles currently applied in the landscape, while other principles were not currently applied widely. In total, we identified 37 challenges and 44 solutions to resilience, mainly focused on “deeper” systemic change. This trend was noted across stakeholder groups, but particularly by local people. Based on our work, we suggest to foster bottom-up changes in system goals, rules, paradigms, and intent, drawing explicitly on local people and their knowledge. More broadly, we suggest that further research on combining social-ecological resilience and leverage points perspectives could be helpful to better navigate and transform social-ecological systems.
Keywords	leverage points ; resilience principles ; smallholder farming landscapes ; social-ecological systems ; sustainability transformation ; woody vegetation diversity management ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Resilience Alliance
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Stories of Favourite Places in Public Spaces

Maraja Riechers / Werner Henkel / Moritz Engbers / Joern Fischer

Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 14, p

Emotional Responses to Landscape Change

2019 Volume 3851

Abstract: Understanding emotions is necessary to analyse underlying motivations, values and drivers for behaviours. In landscapes that are rapidly changing, for example, due to land conversion for intensive agriculture, a sense of powerlessness of the inhabitants ... ...

Abstract	Understanding emotions is necessary to analyse underlying motivations, values and drivers for behaviours. In landscapes that are rapidly changing, for example, due to land conversion for intensive agriculture, a sense of powerlessness of the inhabitants can be common, which may negatively influence their emotional bond to the landscape they are living in. To uncover varied emotional responses towards landscape change we used an innovative approach that combined transdisciplinary and artistic research in an intensively farmed landscape in Germany. In this project, we focused on the topic of favourite places in public spaces, and how change in such places was experienced. Drawing on workshops and interviews, we identified themes of externally driven societal and internal personal influences on the public favourite places. “Resilient” emotional responses towards landscape change showed a will to integrate the modifications, while “non-resilient” responses were characterised by frustration and despair. We argue that identifying emotions towards change can be valuable to strengthen adaptive capacity and to foster sustainability.
Keywords	land art ; landscape change ; leverage points ; nature connectedness ; sustainability transitions ; thematic analysis ; transdisciplinary research ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The influence of landscape change on multiple dimensions of human-nature connectedness

Maraja Riechers / Ágnes Balázsi / David J. Abson / Joern Fischer

Ecology and Society, Vol 25, Iss 3, p

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: Human-nature connectedness is hailed as a potential remedy for the current sustainability crisis, yet it is also deeply affected by it. Here, we perform a comprehensive assessment of human-nature connectedness that includes material, experiential, ... ...

Abstract	Human-nature connectedness is hailed as a potential remedy for the current sustainability crisis, yet it is also deeply affected by it. Here, we perform a comprehensive assessment of human-nature connectedness that includes material, experiential, cognitive, emotional, and philosophical dimensions. We show that these dimensions of human-nature connectedness are strongly interlinked, especially via emotional and experiential connectedness. Our findings showcase a cross-country comparison of four focal landscapes in Transylvania, Romania and Lower Saxony, Germany, which represent gradients from minor and gradual to relatively major and rapid landscape change. Based on content analysis of 73 in-depth interviews, we show that landscape change was seen by the interviewees to have a strong, and often negative, influence on multiple dimensions of human-nature connectedness. Focusing only on isolated dimensions of human-nature connectedness could inadvertently exacerbate the sustainability crisis because unawareness about relationships between dimensions of connectedness may lead to false predictions regarding policy implications.
Keywords	agricultural intensification ; landscape sustainability science ; smallholder farming ; social-ecological systems ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	501 ; 710
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Resilience Alliance
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Understanding relational values in cultural landscapes in Romania and Germany

Maraja Riechers / Ágnes Balázsi / John‐Oliver Engler / Girma Shumi / Joern Fischer

People and Nature, Vol 3, Iss 5, Pp 1036-

2021 Volume 1046

Abstract: Abstract Relational values recently emerged as a concept to comprehensively understand and communicate the many values of nature. Relational values can be defined as preferences and principles about human–nature relationships and focus both on human– ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Relational values recently emerged as a concept to comprehensively understand and communicate the many values of nature. Relational values can be defined as preferences and principles about human–nature relationships and focus both on human–nature connections and well as human–human connections. Here, drawing on 819 face‐to‐face questionnaires, we analysed relational, intrinsic and instrumental values across a total of six agricultural landscapes in Transylvania (Romania) and Lower Saxony (Germany). The landscapes described a gradient of land use intensity, within and across the countries. Our results suggest a bundling of values into four groups: those concerned with individual cognition (including intrinsic values), those that focus on nature as a place for social interaction and relaxation, those that capture cultural identity and spiritual values and one bundle that only includes instrumental values. These different values, in turn, were strongly related to (a) respondents’ attitudes towards environmental conservation and the (b) frequency with which respondents used nature as a resource. Instrumental values have the tendency to be inversely related to relational values and were found to increase with the land use intensity of the focal landscapes. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Keywords	agricultural intensification ; human–nature connections ; land use change ; leverage points ; place attachment ; sustainability ; Human ecology. Anthropogeography ; GF1-900 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Using a leverage points perspective to compare social-ecological systems

Joern Fischer / David J. Abson / Ine Dorresteijn / Jan Hanspach / Tibor Hartel / Jannik Schultner / Kate Sherren

Ecosystems and People, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 119-

a case study on rural landscapes

2022 Volume 130

Abstract: A leverage points perspective recognises different levels of systemic depth, ranging from the relatively shallow levels of parameters and feedbacks to the deeper levels of system design and intent. Analysing a given social-ecological system for its ... ...

Abstract	A leverage points perspective recognises different levels of systemic depth, ranging from the relatively shallow levels of parameters and feedbacks to the deeper levels of system design and intent. Analysing a given social-ecological system for its characteristics across these four levels of systemic depth provides a useful diagnostic to better understand sustainability problems, and can complement other types of cause-and-effect systems modelling. Moreover, the structured comparison of multiple systems can highlight whether sustainability challenges in different systems have a similar origin (e.g. similar feedbacks or similar design). We used a leverage points perspective to systematically compare findings from three in-depth social-ecological case studies, which investigated rural landscapes in southeastern Australia, central Romania, and southwestern Ethiopia. Inductive coding of key findings documented in over 60 empirical publications was used to generate synthesis statements of key findings in the three case studies. Despite major socioeconomic and ecological differences, many synthesis statements applied to all three case studies. Major sustainability problems occurred at the design and intent levels. For example, at the intent level, all three rural landscapes were driven by goals and paradigms that mirrored a productivist green revolution discourse. Our paper thus highlights that there are underlying challenges for rural sustainability across the world, which appear to apply similarly across strongly contrasting socioeconomic contexts. Sustainability interventions should be mindful of such deep similarities in system characteristics. We conclude that a leverage points perspective could be used to compare many other types of social-ecological systems around the world.
Keywords	odirilwe selomane ; Human ecology. Anthropogeography ; GF1-900 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Identifying governance gaps among interlinked sustainability challenges

Bergsten, Arvid / Tolera Senbeto Jiren / Julia Leventon / Ine Dorresteijn / Jannik Schultner / Joern Fischer

Environmental science & policy. 2019 Jan., v. 91

2019

Abstract: Sustainability issues cannot be separated from their social and biophysical context, and collaborative governance responses to interdependent sustainability issues are inherently complex. Governance gaps emerge when responsible actors fail to recognize ... ...

Abstract	Sustainability issues cannot be separated from their social and biophysical context, and collaborative governance responses to interdependent sustainability issues are inherently complex. Governance gaps emerge when responsible actors fail to recognize how multiple issues and actors are interlinked. Closing governance gaps is particularly challenging for sustainability issues that intersect several sectors of society, such as livelihoods, agriculture and biodiversity conservation. This study introduces a new quantitative empirical approach that conceptualizes how governance gaps emerge at the intersection of two networks that are usually studied separately: an actor network and a network of interdependent sustainability issues. We differentiate between (1) integrative gaps that arise when interdependent issues are managed in separation without recognizing their interdependencies, versus (2) collaborative gaps that arise when actors working on common issues do not collaborate. Using data on 60 actors and 38 sustainability issues in southwest Ethiopia, we found comprehensive collaboration networks around, for example, agricultural production and land-use issues, but large collaborative gaps for forest and wildlife issues. While actors actively managed interdependencies around national high-priority issues such as coffee export and family planning, integrative gaps were common for low-profile issues such as access provision of finance, transportation, schools, food and crop markets. In general, smaller specialized actors had a stronger tendency than larger generalist actors to focus their management capacity towards the closing of governance gaps. Surprisingly, greater system complexity did not per se cause governance gaps, except when system interactions were cross-sectoral. Furthermore, our data suggested that integrative system management and collaboration reinforced each other. In conclusion, our network framework advances how governance gaps can be understood and prioritized in different empirical contexts. It enables a theoretically informed empirical identification of the specific sustainability issues for which targeted structural changes are most likely to facilitate improved sustainability outcomes.
Keywords	biodiversity conservation ; environmental science ; exports ; family planning ; finance ; forests ; governance ; issues and policy ; land use ; livelihood ; markets ; schools ; transportation ; wildlife ; Ethiopia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-01
Size	p. 27-38.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1454687-5
ISSN	1462-9011
ISSN	1462-9011
DOI	10.1016/j.envsci.2018.10.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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