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  1. Article ; Online: Cross-cultural adaptation of four instruments to measure stigma towards people with mental illness and substance use problems among primary care professionals in Chile.

    Parra Videla, Claudia / Sapag, Jaime C / Klabunde, Rachel / Velasco, Paola R / Anríquez, Samanta / Aracena Álvarez, Marcela / Mascayano, Franco / Bravo, Paulina / Sena, Brena F / Jofré Escalona, Ana / Bobbili, Sireesha J / Corrigan, Patrick W / Bustamante, Inés / Poblete, Fernando / Alvarado, Rubén

    Transcultural psychiatry

    2022  Volume 60, Issue 2, Page(s) 286–301

    Abstract: Stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems is a significant global concern, and prevents people with these conditions from accessing treatment, particularly in primary health care (PHC) settings. Stigma is a cultural phenomenon ... ...

    Abstract Stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems is a significant global concern, and prevents people with these conditions from accessing treatment, particularly in primary health care (PHC) settings. Stigma is a cultural phenomenon that is influenced by particular contexts and can differ by country and region. The majority of stigma research focuses on Europe or North America leading to a lack of culturally relevant stigma research instruments for the Latin American context. The present study describes and discusses the methodology for cross-culturally adapting four stigma measurement scales to the Chilean context. The cross-cultural adaptation process included nine phases: (1) preparation; (2) independent translations; (3) synthesis 1 with expert committee; (4) focus groups and interviews with researchers, PHC professionals, and PHC users; (5) synthesis 2 with expert committee; (6) independent back translations; (7) synthesis 3 with expert committee; (8) pilot with PHC professionals; and (9) final revisions. The adaptation process included an array of diverse voices from the PHC context, and met three adaptation objectives defined prior to beginning the process (Understandability, Relevance, and Acceptability and Answer Options). The resulting, culturally adapted questionnaire is being validated and implemented within PHC settings across Chile to provide in-depth insight into stigma among PHC professionals in the country. The authors hope it will be useful for future research on mental illness and substance use stigma in similar settings across Latin America.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Chile ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Social Stigma ; Mental Disorders ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1378978-8
    ISSN 1461-7471 ; 1363-4615
    ISSN (online) 1461-7471
    ISSN 1363-4615
    DOI 10.1177/13634615221100377
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: What matters most': stigma towards severe mental disorders in Chile, a theory-driven, qualitative approach.

    Mascayano, Franco / Toso-Salman, Josefina / Ruiz, Bernalyn / Warman, Kathleen / Jofre Escalona, Ana / Alvarado Muñoz, Ruben / Sia, Kathleen Janel / Yang, Lawrence Hsin

    Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina)

    2015  Volume 72, Issue 4, Page(s) 250–260

    Abstract: Background: Stigma towards severe mental illness manifests in different ways across cultures and only recently has a theoretical perspective emerged to understand such cultural differences. The 'What Matters Most' framework identifies culturally ... ...

    Abstract Background: Stigma towards severe mental illness manifests in different ways across cultures and only recently has a theoretical perspective emerged to understand such cultural differences. The 'What Matters Most' framework identifies culturally specific dimensions of stigma by identifying the interactions between cultural norms, roles, and values that impact personhood.
    Objective: This study explores the cultural underpinnings that create and maintain stigmatizing attitudes towards severe mental illness in Chile.
    Methods: In-depth interviews developed using the 'Scale of Perceived Discrimination and Devaluation', and the 'What Matters Most' framework were conducted with twenty people identified as having a severe mental illness. Interviews were coded and discussed until agreement was reached, then analyzed by an independent reviewer to determine inter-rater reliability.
    Results: A key factor shaping stigma among women was the loss of capacity to accomplish family roles (i.e. take care of children).or men, cultural notions of 'Machismo' prevented them from disclosing their psychiatric diagnosis as a means to maintain status and ability to work. A protective factor against stigma for men was their ability to guide and provide for the family, thus fulfilling responsibilities attributable to 'Familismo'. Social appearances could play either a shaping or protecting role,contingent on the social status of the individual.
    Discussion: In Chilean culture, stigma is rooted in gendered social characteristics and shared familial roles. Interventions should aim to address these norms and incorporate culturally salient protective factors to reduce stigma experienced by individuals with serious mental illness in Chile and other Latin American settings.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Chile/ethnology ; Cultural Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/ethnology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Sex Factors ; Sickness Impact Profile ; Social Stigma ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stereotyping ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country Argentina
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390127-0
    ISSN 1853-0605 ; 0014-6722 ; 0301-7281
    ISSN (online) 1853-0605
    ISSN 0014-6722 ; 0301-7281
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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