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  1. Book ; Article ; Online: A process guide for the development of a mixed-methods research tool for measuring and understanding intra-household decision making

    Mwakanyamale, Devis / Cole, Steven / Heckert, Jessica / John, Innocensia / Fischer, Gundua / Seymour, Greg / Feleke, Shiferaw

    2023  

    Abstract: Numerous approaches have been developed by researchers for measuring intra-household decisionmaking. Most use quantitative surveys that often rely on a standard set of questions that inquire about who contributes to key household decisions or women’s ... ...

    Abstract Numerous approaches have been developed by researchers for measuring intra-household decisionmaking. Most use quantitative surveys that often rely on a standard set of questions that inquire about who contributes to key household decisions or women’s abilities to participate in these decisions. Such questions have been criticized for focusing too much on the identity of the decision maker and less on understanding why and how decisions get made within the household and on the multiple facets of women’s roles in decision-making processes1. To address the shortcomings of current approaches, we (an interdisciplinary group of applied gender and agriculture researchers) developed a transdisciplinary and mixed-methods approach that can be adapted across livelihoods and geographies to measure intra-household decision making and shed light on the “who,” “why,” and “how” of important household decisions. This guide describes the transdisciplinary process that was used to develop the mixed-methods research tool for understanding and measuring intra-household decision making. In our approach, we focus on measuring who makes which decisions, how, and why and how this influences food, nutrition, and economic security outcomes. This guide, therefore, provides a base for other researchers and development practitioners to develop a context-specific mixed-methods tool for understanding and measuring intra-household decision making.

    Non-PR

    IFPRI1; Cross-cutting gender theme

    EPTD; PHND

    CGIAR Gender Platform
    Keywords decision making ; economics ; households ; surveys ; research methods ; men ; nutrition ; stakeholders ; women
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Marginal more than mesic sites benefit from groundnut diversification of maize: Increased yield, protein, stability, and profits

    John, Innocensia / Snapp, Sieglinde / Nord, Alison / Chimonyo, Vimbayi / Gwenambira, Chiwimbo / Chikowo, Regis

    Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2021 Oct., v. 320 p.107585-

    2021  

    Abstract: Sustainable Intensification (SI) interventions are urgently required, particularly those suited to resource poor farms in Africa. Legume crops have been promoted as a key ingredient for SI of rainfed grain production on smallholder farms, with variable ... ...

    Abstract Sustainable Intensification (SI) interventions are urgently required, particularly those suited to resource poor farms in Africa. Legume crops have been promoted as a key ingredient for SI of rainfed grain production on smallholder farms, with variable results. There is a need to explore the extent to which legume diversification of maize production impacts stability, nutrition, and income. This is particularly so for marginal environments. On-farm experimentation was conducted in Central Malawi over two to seven years on 29 farm sites (120 year-site combinations). The farms were located within four areas that included lakeshore, dissected hills (two locations) and upland plain. Maize diversification included a long-duration legume pigeonpea and a medium duration legume groundnut, grown in rotation or intercropped with maize, and as a doubled-up legume rotation (DLR). To quantify the performance of systems under low, medium, and high yield environments, we used long-term average maize yield to categorize each farm site. All legume diversified systems supported stable grain production in the low yield environment, as shown by 37-41% coefficient of variation for yield, in comparison to 62% for sole maize. The groundnut systems consistently produced the highest grain yield, protein, stable yields, and economic returns, and this performance held up in marginal, low yield environments. In this multi-site, multi-year, on-farm replicated study, the performance of groundnut systems (GnRot and DLR) stood out for high protein (0.529 T ha⁻¹ 2 yr⁻¹ and 0.615 T ha ⁻¹ 2 yr⁻¹, respectively over two years) versus unfertilized maize (0.169 T ha⁻¹ 2 yr⁻¹). These two groundnut-based systems were produced with half-fertilizer rates compared to sole maize and were economically high performers. However, there was a barrier to adoption of GnRot and DLR in that improved groundnut seed was expensive (USD 157 ha⁻¹ 2 yr⁻¹), this initial investment being beyond the means of many farmers, despite the cost largely offset by the generation of high income (USD 1636-1993 ha⁻¹ 2 yr⁻¹). Long-term sustainability was assessed by monitoring soil organic carbon (SOC), which was found to be markedly influenced by soil texture (sites with SOC >1.5% had sand content <50%). Legume diversification effects on SOC were not discerned, possibly due to high sand content on the oldest trial sites. This study highlights the value of longitudinal data and including a wide range of soil texture sites in on-farm experimentation to identify overall legume diversification effects within maize systems.
    Keywords agriculture ; corn ; environment ; farms ; grain yield ; highlands ; income ; ingredients ; nutrition ; peanuts ; pigeon peas ; sand fraction ; soil organic carbon ; soil texture ; Malawi ; Agroecology ; Sustainable Intensification ; Groundnut ; Pigeonpea ; Resilience
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-10
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 602345-9
    ISSN 1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
    ISSN (online) 1873-2305
    ISSN 0167-8809
    DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107585
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Book ; Article ; Online: A process guide for the development of a mixed-methods research tool for measuring and understanding intra-household decision making

    Mwakanyamale, Devis / Cole, Steven M. / Heckert, Jessica / John, Innocensia / Fischer, Gundula / Seymour, Greg / Feleke, Shiferaw

    2023  

    Abstract: Numerous approaches have been developed by researchers for measuring intra-household decision making. Most use quantitative surveys that often rely on a standard set of questions that inquire about who contributes to key household decisions or women’s ... ...

    Abstract Numerous approaches have been developed by researchers for measuring intra-household decision making. Most use quantitative surveys that often rely on a standard set of questions that inquire about who contributes to key household decisions or women’s abilities to participate in these decisions. Such questions have been criticized for focusing too much on the identity of the decision maker and less on understanding why and how decisions get made within the household and on the multiple facets of women’s roles in decision-making processes1. To address the shortcomings of current approaches, we (an interdisciplinary group of applied gender and agriculture researchers) developed a transdisciplinary and mixed-methods approach that can be adapted across livelihoods and geographies to measure intra-household decision making and shed light on the “who,” “why,” and “how” of important household decisions. This guide describes the transdisciplinary process that was used to develop the mixed-methods research tool for understanding and measuring intra-household decision making. In our approach, we focus on measuring who makes which decisions, how, and why and how this influences food, nutrition, and economic security outcomes. This guide, therefore, provides a base for other researchers and development practitioners to develop a context-specific mixed-methods tool for understanding and measuring intra-household decision making.
    Keywords decision making ; economics ; households ; surveys ; research methods ; men ; nutrition ; stakeholders ; women
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-13T21:49:50Z
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Hard work and hazard: Young people and agricultural commercialisation in Africa

    Yeboah, Thomas / Chigumira, Easther / John, Innocensia / Anyidoho, Nana Akua / Manyong, Victor / Flynn, Justin / Sumberg, James

    Journal of rural studies. 2020 May, v. 76

    2020  

    Abstract: An emerging orthodoxy supports the proposition that the rural economy – built around agriculture but encompassing much more – will serve as sweet spot of employment opportunities for many millions of young people into the foreseeable future. However, our ...

    Abstract An emerging orthodoxy supports the proposition that the rural economy – built around agriculture but encompassing much more – will serve as sweet spot of employment opportunities for many millions of young people into the foreseeable future. However, our understanding of how rural young people in Africa take advantage of processes of rural transformation or engage with the rural economy is limited. Drawing on qualitative research conducted with 117 rural young people in three country contexts (Ghana, Zimbabwe and Tanzania), this paper reports the findings on the steps and pathways through which young people construct livelihoods in hotspots of agricultural commercialisation. Overall what emerges from a diversity of backgrounds, experiences and pathways is that the commercialised rural economy within which they operate offer them a variety of income earning opportunities. Family and broader social relations are key in enabling young people to access the needed resources in the form of land, capital, and inputs to begin their ventures. Between family and rental markets, there is little evidence that young people’s engagement with crop production is limited by their inability to access land. We also find evidence of asset accumulation by young people in the form of housing, furniture and savings among others, which reflects the combination of relatively dynamic rural economies, enabling social relations, and hard work. However, for many it is a struggle to stay afloat, requiring effort, persistence, and an ability to navigate setbacks and hazards. Our findings challenge a number of assumptions underlying policy and public discourse around rural young people and employment in Africa. We highlight some key implications for policy seeking to promote youth employment in rural Africa.
    Keywords assets ; capital ; commercialization ; crop production ; employment ; furniture ; income ; issues and policy ; qualitative analysis ; rural economics ; youth ; Ghana ; Tanzania ; Zimbabwe
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-05
    Size p. 142-151.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 252458-2
    ISSN 0743-0167
    ISSN 0743-0167
    DOI 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.04.027
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    Z 4225: Show issues

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  5. Conference proceedings ; Online: TH1.1

    Mwakanyamale, Devis / John, Innocensia / Heckert, Jessica / Fischer, Gundula / Seymour, Greg / Feleke, Shiferaw / Ferguson, Nathaniel / Cole, Steven M.

    A mixed-methods research tool for improving measurement and understanding of intra-household decision making

    2022  

    Abstract: A key aspect of women's empowerment is participation in important intra-household decisions. This paper describes a new mixed-methods emic-informed approach that we developed involving multiple stakeholders to explore intra-household decision making on ... ...

    Abstract A key aspect of women's empowerment is participation in important intra-household decisions. This paper describes a new mixed-methods emic-informed approach that we developed involving multiple stakeholders to explore intra-household decision making on agriculture- and expenditure-related matters. The tool was piloted in cassava-producing districts in Kagera and Kigoma Regions of Tanzania. It first comprises a qualitative guide that was used to interview 40 dyads (mostly married couples) who grow, process, and/or trade cassava. We conducted thematic content analysis of these interviews and identified seven distinct patterns that dyads used to make decisions. These included: husband shares idea, discusses with wife, then (i) husband makes the final decision; (ii) wife makes the final decision; or (iii) they make a joint final decision. Alternatively, (iv) husband shares idea with his wife before he makes the final decision; or wife shares idea, discusses with husband, then (v) husband makes the final decision; (vi) wife makes the final decision; or (vii) they make a joint final decision. These patterns informed the development of vignettes that describe intra-household decision making, along with survey questions asking respondents which decision-making vignettes they most identify with and additional questions on why and how decisions are made in their households. Finally, these new modules were included in a multi-topic survey that was administered to around 1300 couples to validate the new decision-making modules. Our approach aims to help us better measure and understand intra-household decision making and its links to household-level economic, food, and nutrition security outcomes.
    Keywords gender ; agriculture
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-23T06:52:07Z
    Publisher International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Conference proceedings ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Article ; Online: How do couples in rural Tanzania make decisions? Findings from a novel mixed-methods approach for understanding intrahousehold decision-making

    Cole, Steven M. / Ferguson, Nathaniel / Heckert, Jessica / Mwakanyamale, Devis / Seymour, Greg / Feleke, S. / Fischer, Gundula / John, Innocensia / Lija, Z. / Nyaa, M. / Zacharia, H.

    2023  

    Keywords cassava ; gender ; food systems ; stakeholders ; women's empowerment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21T09:02:22Z
    Publisher CGIAR Gender Impact Platform
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Against the odds: Network and institutional pathways enabling agricultural diversification

    Blesh, Jennifer / Mehrabi, Zia / Wittman, Hannah / Bezner Kerr, Rachel / James, Dana / Madsen, Sidney / Smith, Olivia M. / Snapp, Sieglinde / Stratton, Anne Elise / Bakarr, Mohamed / Bicksler, Abram J. / Galt, Ryan / Garibaldi, Lucas A. / Gemmill-Herren, Barbara / Grass, Ingo / Isaac, Marney E. / John, Innocensia / Jones, Sarah K. / Kennedy, Christina M. /
    Klassen, Susanna / Levers, Christian / Rasmussen, Laura Vang / Kremen, Claire

    One Earth. 20232023 May 27, Mar. 27, v. 6, no. 5 p.479-491

    2023  

    Abstract: Farming systems that support locally diverse agricultural production and high levels of biodiversity are in rapid decline, despite evidence of their benefits for climate, environmental health, and food security. Yet, agricultural policies, financial ... ...

    Abstract Farming systems that support locally diverse agricultural production and high levels of biodiversity are in rapid decline, despite evidence of their benefits for climate, environmental health, and food security. Yet, agricultural policies, financial incentives, and market concentration increasingly constrain the viability of diversified farming systems. Here, we present a conceptual framework to identify novel processes that promote the emergence and sustainability of diversified farming systems, using three real-world examples where farming communities have found pathways to diversification despite major structural constraints. By applying our framework to analyze these bright spots in the United States, Brazil, and Malawi, we identify two distinct pathways-network and institutional-to diversification. These pathways emerge through alignment of factors related to social and ecological structure (policies, institutions, and environmental conditions) and agency (values, collective action, and management decisions). We find that, when network and institutional pathways operate in tandem, the potential to scale up diversification across farms and landscapes increases substantially.
    Keywords biodiversity ; climate ; collective action ; environmental health ; food security ; markets ; viability ; Brazil ; Malawi ; conceptual framework ; diversified farming system ; policy ; social-ecological systems ; transitions
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0327
    Size p. 479-491.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ISSN 2590-3322
    DOI 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.03.004
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Against the odds

    Blesh, Jennifer / Mehrabi, Zia / Wittman, Hannah / Bezner Kerr, Rachel / James, Dana / Madsen, Sidney / Smith, Olivia M. / Snapp, Sieglinde S. / Stratton, Anne Elise / Bakarr, Abram J. / Bicksler, Mohamed / Galt, Ryan / Garibaldi, Lucas A. / Gemmill-Herren, Barbara / Grass, Ingo / Isaac, Marney E. / John, Innocensia / Jones, Sarah K. / Kennedy, Christina M. /
    Klassen, Susanna / Levers, Christian / Vang Rasmussen, Laura / Kremen, Claire

    One Earth

    Network and institutional pathways enabling agricultural diversification

    2023  

    Abstract: Farming systems that support locally diverse agricultural production and high levels of biodiversity are in rapid decline, despite evidence of their benefits for climate, environmental health, and food security. Yet, agricultural policies, financial ... ...

    Abstract Farming systems that support locally diverse agricultural production and high levels of biodiversity are in rapid decline, despite evidence of their benefits for climate, environmental health, and food security. Yet, agricultural policies, financial incentives, and market concentration increasingly constrain the viability of diversified farming systems. Here, we present a conceptual framework to identify novel processes that promote the emergence and sustainability of diversified farming systems, using three real-world examples where farming communities have found pathways to diversification despite major structural constraints. By applying our framework to analyze these bright spots in the United States, Brazil, and Malawi, we identify two distinct pathways—network and institutional—to diversification. These pathways emerge through alignment of factors related to social and ecological structure (policies, institutions, and environmental conditions) and agency (values, collective action, and management decisions). We find that, when network and institutional pathways operate in tandem, the potential to scale up diversification across farms and landscapes increases substantially.
    Keywords diversification ; policies ; institutions ; networks ; agrobiodiversity ; diversificación ; políticas ; instituciones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28T12:34:32Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Joint environmental and social benefits from diversified agriculture.

    Rasmussen, Laura Vang / Grass, Ingo / Mehrabi, Zia / Smith, Olivia M / Bezner-Kerr, Rachel / Blesh, Jennifer / Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro / Isaac, Marney E / Kennedy, Christina M / Wittman, Hannah / Batáry, Péter / Buchori, Damayanti / Cerda, Rolando / Chará, Julián / Crowder, David W / Darras, Kevin / DeMaster, Kathryn / Garcia, Karina / Gómez, Manuel /
    Gonthier, David / Guzman, Aidee / Hidayat, Purnama / Hipólito, Juliana / Hirons, Mark / Hoey, Lesli / James, Dana / John, Innocensia / Jones, Andrew D / Karp, Daniel S / Kebede, Yodit / Kerr, Carmen Bezner / Klassen, Susanna / Kotowska, Martyna / Kreft, Holger / Llanque, Ramiro / Levers, Christian / Lizcano, Diego J / Lu, Adrian / Madsen, Sidney / Marques, Rosebelly Nunes / Martins, Pedro Buss / Melo, America / Nyantakyi-Frimpong, Hanson / Olimpi, Elissa M / Owen, Jeb P / Pantevez, Heiber / Qaim, Matin / Redlich, Sarah / Scherber, Christoph / Sciligo, Amber R / Snapp, Sieglinde / Snyder, William E / Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf / Stratton, Anne Elise / Taylor, Joseph M / Tscharntke, Teja / Valencia, Vivian / Vogel, Cassandra / Kremen, Claire

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 384, Issue 6691, Page(s) 87–93

    Abstract: Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system ... ...

    Abstract Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that applying multiple diversification strategies creates more positive outcomes than individual management strategies alone. To realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the adoption of multiple diversification strategies in unison.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Farms ; Soil
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.adj1914
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  10. Article ; Online: Joint environmental and social benefits from diversified agriculture

    Rasmussen, Laura Vang / Grass, Ingo / Mehrabi, Zia / Smith, Olivia M. / Bezner-Kerr, Rachel / Blesh, Jennifer / Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro / Isaac, Marney E. / Kennedy, Christina M. / Wittman, Hannah / Batáry, Péter / Buchori, Damayanti / Cerda, Rolando / Chará, Julián / Crowder, David W. / Darras, Kevin / DeMaster, Kathryn / Garcia, Karina / Gómez, Manuel /
    Gonthier, David / Hidayat, Purnama / Hipólito, Juliana / Hirons, Mark / Hoey, Lesli / James, Dana / John, Innocensia / Jones, Andrew D. / Karp, Daniel S. / Kebede, Yodit / Kerr, Carmen Bezner / Klassen, Susanna / Kotowska, Martyna / Kreft, Holger / Llanque, Ramiro / Levers, Christian / Lizcano, Diego J. / Lu, Adrian / Madsen, Sidney / Marques, Rosebelly Nunes / Martins, Pedro Buss / Melo, America / Nyantakyi-Frimpong, Hanson / Olimpi, Elissa M. / Owen, Jeb P. / Pantevez, Heiber / Qaim, Matin / Redlich, Sarah / Scherber, Christoph / Sciligo, Amber R. / Snapp, Sieglinde / Snyder, William E. / Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf / Stratton, Anne Elise / Taylor, Joseph M. / Tscharntke, Teja / Valencia, Vivian / Vogel, Cassandra / Kremen, Claire

    2024  

    Abstract: Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system ... ...

    Abstract Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that applying multiple diversification strategies creates more positive outcomes than individual management strategies alone. To realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the adoption of multiple diversification strategies in unison.
    Keywords article ; Text ; ddc:630 ; ddc:570
    Language English
    Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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