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Article ; Online: Clinical importance in Alzheimer's disease: effects of anchor agreement and disease severity.

Stojanovic, Marta / Mikula, Cynthia / John, Samantha / Kiselica, Andrew

Aging clinical and experimental research

2024 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

Abstract: Objectives: Methods of evaluating clinically meaningful decline are critical in research on Alzheimer's disease. A common method of quantifying clinically meaningful change is to calculate an anchor-based minimal clinically important difference (MCID) ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Methods of evaluating clinically meaningful decline are critical in research on Alzheimer's disease. A common method of quantifying clinically meaningful change is to calculate an anchor-based minimal clinically important difference (MCID) score. In this approach, individuals who report a meaningful change serve as the "anchors", and the mean level of change for this group serves as the MCID. In research on Alzheimer's disease, there are several possible anchors, including patients, knowledgeable observers (e.g., a family member), and clinicians. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which agreement among anchors impacts MCID estimation and whether this relationship is moderated by cognitive severity status. Methods: Analyses were completed on a longitudinal sample of 2247 adults, aged 50-103, from the Uniform Data Set. Outcome measures included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes, and Functional Activities Questionnaire. Results: For all of the outcomes, the MCID estimate was significantly higher when meaningful decline was endorsed by all of the anchors compared to when there was disagreement among the anchors. In addition, the MCID estimate was higher with increasing severity of cognitive impairment. Finally, cognitive severity status moderated the influence of agreement among anchors on MCID estimation; as disease severity increased, anchor agreement demonstrated less influence on the MCID. Conclusions: MCID estimates based on one anchor may underestimate meaningful change, and researchers should consider the viewpoints of multiple anchors in constructing MCIDs, particularly in the early stages of cognitive decline.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Clinical Relevance ; Alzheimer Disease ; Patient Acuity ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Family
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2104785-6
ISSN	1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
ISSN (online)	1720-8319
ISSN	1594-0667
DOI	10.1007/s40520-023-02643-0
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Article: Urbanicity and cognitive functioning in later life.

Lawrence, Elizabeth / John, Samantha E / Bhatta, Tirth

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) e12429

Abstract: Introduction: Prior research has shown disparities in cognitive functioning across the rural-urban continuum. We examine individual- and contextual-level factors to understand how and why urbanicity shapes cognitive functioning across older adulthood.!## ...

Abstract	Introduction: Prior research has shown disparities in cognitive functioning across the rural-urban continuum. We examine individual- and contextual-level factors to understand how and why urbanicity shapes cognitive functioning across older adulthood. Methods: Using a nationally representative sample from 1996 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and growth curve models, we assess urban-suburban-exurban differences in older adult cognitive functioning. Results: Results demonstrate that older adult men and women living in exurban areas, and older adult men in suburban areas, have lower cognitive functioning scores compared to their urban peers. Educational attainment and marital status contribute to but do not fully explain these differences. There were no differences in the trajectory over age, suggesting that urbanicity disparities in cognition occur earlier in life, with average differences remaining the same across older adulthood. Discussion: Differences in cognitive functioning across urbanicity are likely due to factors accumulating prior to older adulthood.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2832898-X
ISSN	2352-8729
ISSN	2352-8729
DOI	10.1002/dad2.12429
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Article: Network Analysis of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease.

Goodwin, Grace J / Moeller, Stacey / Nguyen, Amy / Cummings, Jeffrey L / John, Samantha E

Research square

2023

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-2852697/v1
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Article ; Online: Network analysis of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.

Goodwin, Grace J / Moeller, Stacey / Nguyen, Amy / Cummings, Jeffrey L / John, Samantha E

Alzheimer's research & therapy

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 135

Abstract: Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can decrease quality of life for patients and increase caregiver burden. Better characterization of neuropsychiatric symptoms and methods of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can decrease quality of life for patients and increase caregiver burden. Better characterization of neuropsychiatric symptoms and methods of analysis are needed to identify effective treatment targets. The current investigation leveraged the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS) to examine the network structure of neuropsychiatric symptoms among symptomatic older adults with cognitive impairment. Methods: The network relationships of behavioral symptoms were estimated from Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) data acquired from 12,494 older adults with MCI and AD during their initial visit. Network analysis provides insight into the relationships among sets of symptoms and allows calculation of the strengths of the relationships. Nodes represented individual NPI-Q symptoms and edges represented the pairwise dependency between symptoms. Node centrality was calculated to determine the relative importance of each symptom in the network. Results: The analysis showed patterns of connectivity among the symptoms of the NPI-Q. The network (M = .28) consisted of mostly positive edges. The strongest edges connected nodes within symptom domain. Disinhibition and agitation/aggression were the most central symptoms in the network. Depression/dysphoria was the most frequently endorsed symptom, but it was not central in the network. Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in MCI and AD are highly comorbid and mutually reinforcing. The presence of disinhibition and agitation/aggression yielded a higher probability of additional neuropsychiatric symptoms. Interventions targeting these symptoms may lead to greater neuropsychiatric symptom improvement overall. Future work will compare neuropsychiatric symptom networks across dementia etiologies, informant relationships, and ethnic/racial groups, and will explore the utility of network analysis as a means of interrogating treatment effects.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Anxiety ; Aggression ; Neuropsychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2506521-X
ISSN	1758-9193 ; 1758-9193
ISSN (online)	1758-9193
ISSN	1758-9193
DOI	10.1186/s13195-023-01279-6
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Article ; Online: The roles of executive functioning, simple attention, and medial temporal lobes in early learning, late learning, and delayed recall.

John, Samantha E / Ritter, Aaron / Wong, Christina / Parks, Colleen M

Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition

2021 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 400–417

MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease ; Attention ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Mental Recall ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Temporal Lobe
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1482447-4
ISSN	1744-4128 ; 1382-5585
ISSN (online)	1744-4128
ISSN	1382-5585
DOI	10.1080/13825585.2021.2016583
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Article ; Online: Cognitive-motor dual-task interference in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prodromal neurodegeneration: A scoping review.

Longhurst, Jason K / Rider, John V / Cummings, Jeffrey L / John, Samantha E / Poston, Brach / Landers, Merrill R

Gait & posture

2023 Volume 105, Page(s) 58–74

Abstract: Background: Cognitive-motor interference (CMI) is a common deficit in Alzheimer's (AD) disease and Parkinson's disease (PD) and may have utility in identification of prodromal neurodegeneration. There is lack of consensus regarding measurement of CMI ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cognitive-motor interference (CMI) is a common deficit in Alzheimer's (AD) disease and Parkinson's disease (PD) and may have utility in identification of prodromal neurodegeneration. There is lack of consensus regarding measurement of CMI resulting from dual task paradigms. Research question: How are individuals with AD, PD, and prodromal neurodegeneration impacted by CMI as measured by dual-task (DT) performance? Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in six datasets using the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they had samples of participants with AD, PD, or prodromal neurodegeneration and reported at least one measure of cognitive-motor DT performance. Results: 4741 articles were screened and 95 included as part of this scoping review. Articles were divided into three non-mutually exclusive groups based on diagnoses, with 26 articles in AD, 56 articles in PD, and 29 articles in prodromal neurodegeneration, and results presented accordingly. Significance: Individuals with AD and PD are both impacted by CMI, though the impact is likely different for each disease. We found a robust body of evidence regarding the utility of measures of DT performance in the detection of subtle deficits in prodromal AD and some signals of utility in prodromal PD. There are several key methodological challenges related to DT paradigms for the measurement of CMI in neurodegeneration. Overall, DT paradigms show good potential as a clinical method to probe specific brain regions, networks, and function; however, task selection and effect measurement should be carefully considered.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Gait ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.277
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Article ; Online: The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: Cross-validation of Mayo Normative Studies (MNS) demographically corrected norms with confidence interval estimates.

Loring, David W / Saurman, Jessica L / John, Samantha E / Bowden, Stephen C / Lah, James J / Goldstein, Felicia C

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

2022 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 397–405

Abstract: Objective: The Mayo Normative Studies (MNS) represents a robust dataset that provides demographically corrected norms for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. We report MNS application to an independent cohort to evaluate whether MNS norms accurately ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The Mayo Normative Studies (MNS) represents a robust dataset that provides demographically corrected norms for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. We report MNS application to an independent cohort to evaluate whether MNS norms accurately adjust for age, sex, and education differences in subjects from a different geographic region of the country. As secondary goals, we examined item-level patterns, recognition benefit compared to delayed free recall, and derived Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) confidence intervals (CIs) to facilitate clinical performance characterization. Method: Participants from the Emory Healthy Brain Study (463 women, 200 men) who were administered the AVLT were analyzed to demonstrate expected demographic group differences. AVLT scores were transformed using MNS normative correction to characterize the success of MNS demographic adjustment. Results: Expected demographic effects were observed across all primary raw AVLT scores. Depending on sample size, MNS normative adjustment either eliminated or minimized all observed statistically significant AVLT differences. Estimated CIs yielded broad CI ranges exceeding the standard deviation of each measure. The recognition performance benefit across age ranged from 2.7 words ( Conclusions: These findings demonstrate generalizability of MNS normative correction to an independent sample from a different geographic region, with demographic adjusted performance differences close to overall performance levels near the expected value of
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Confidence Intervals ; Mental Recall ; Memory and Learning Tests ; Recognition, Psychology ; Verbal Learning ; Reference Values
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1230632-0
ISSN	1469-7661 ; 1355-6177
ISSN (online)	1469-7661
ISSN	1355-6177
DOI	10.1017/S1355617722000248
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Article ; Online: Latent structure of cognitive tests is invariant in men and women with schizophrenia.

Becker Wright, Megan L / Ahmed, Anthony O / Barchard, Kimberly A / Benning, Stephen D / John, Samantha E / Allen, Daniel N

Schizophrenia research

2022 Volume 250, Page(s) 127–133

Abstract: Studies comparing the cognitive functioning of men and women with schizophrenia have produced conflicting results which could arise from sex-based differences in the latent structure of cognitive abilities. The current study used multigroup confirmatory ... ...

Abstract	Studies comparing the cognitive functioning of men and women with schizophrenia have produced conflicting results which could arise from sex-based differences in the latent structure of cognitive abilities. The current study used multigroup confirmatory factor analysis to examine invariance in latent structure of cognitive abilities to between men and women with schizophrenia. Confirmatory factor analysis of an initial neurocognitive assessment (men n = 612, women n = 201) and cross-validation using second assessment (men n = 549, women n = 198) demonstrated that a bifactor seven-factor model fit the data best for both men and women. Invariance analyses further indicated this model was invariant across men and women at both assessments. Group comparisons indicated women had significantly higher scores for Semantic Memory, Verbal Memory, and General Cognitive factors, whereas men exhibited better performance on the Vigilance factor. Results indicate that cognition in SZ is characterized by both a general cognitive factor and specific domains for both men and women. Invariance analysis provides evidence that cognitive differences between men and women do not result from sex-based differences in the latent structure of cognitive abilities. Current results also indicate small but statistically significant neurocognitive differences between men and women with schizophrenia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2022.10.016
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Article ; Online: A Novel Way of Measuring Dual-Task Interference: The Reliability and Construct Validity of the Dual-Task Effect Battery in Neurodegenerative Disease.

Longhurst, Jason K / Rider, John V / Cummings, Jeffrey L / John, Samantha E / Poston, Brach / Held Bradford, Elissa C / Landers, Merrill R

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair

2022 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 346–359

Abstract: Background: Decreased automaticity is common among individuals with neurodegenerative disease and is often assessed using dual-task (DT) paradigms. However, the best methods for assessing performance changes related to DT demands remain inconclusive.: ...

Abstract	Background: Decreased automaticity is common among individuals with neurodegenerative disease and is often assessed using dual-task (DT) paradigms. However, the best methods for assessing performance changes related to DT demands remain inconclusive. Objective: To investigate the reliability and validity of a novel battery of DT measures (DT Effect-Battery (DTE-B)) encompassing three domains: task-specific interference, task prioritization, and automaticity. Methods: Data for this retrospective cross-sectional study included 125 participants with Parkinson's disease (PD), 127 participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 84 healthy older adults. Reliability analyses were conducted using a subset of each population. DTE-B measures were calculated from single and DT performance on the Timed Up and Go test and a serial subtraction task. Construct validity was evaluated via associations within the DTE-B and with theoretically supported measures as well as known-groups validity analyses. Results: Good to excellent reliability was found for DTE-B measures of task interference (motor and cognitive DT effects) (ICCs≥.658) and automaticity (combined DT effect (cDTE)) (ICCs≥.938). Evidence for convergent validity was found with associations within the hypothesized constructs. Known-groups validity analyses revealed differences in the DTE-B among the healthy group and PD and AD groups ( Conclusions: This study provides evidence to support the DTE-B as a reliable measure of multiple constructs pertinent to DT performance. The cDTE demonstrated evidence to support its validity as a measure of automaticity. Further investigation of the utility of the DTE-B in both PD and AD, as well as other populations, is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Cadmium Compounds ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Gait ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/complications ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Postural Balance ; Quantum Dots ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Tellurium ; Time and Motion Studies ; Walking
Chemical Substances	Cadmium Compounds ; Tellurium (NQA0O090ZJ) ; cadmium telluride (STG188WO13)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1491637-x
ISSN	1552-6844 ; 1545-9683 ; 0888-4390
ISSN (online)	1552-6844
ISSN	1545-9683 ; 0888-4390
DOI	10.1177/15459683221088864
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Zs.B 3096: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A boot camp translation of Alzheimer's disease in Hispanic/Latino communities.

Medina, Luis D / Woods, Steven Paul / Mullen, Rebecca / John, Samantha E / Kunik, Mark / Pressman, Peter / Moeller, Stacey / Martinez, Michelle / Arroyo Miranda, Mirna / Stocker, Michelle / Lopez-Esquibel, Natalie / Vardeman, Jennifer

Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)

2023 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) e12390

Abstract: Introduction: Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls) are significantly underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research participant samples. This exclusion limits our interpretation of research findings and understanding of the causes of brain health disparities. ...

Abstract	Introduction: Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls) are significantly underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research participant samples. This exclusion limits our interpretation of research findings and understanding of the causes of brain health disparities. The Engaging Communities of Hispanics/Latinos for Aging Research (ECHAR) Network was created to engage, educate, and motivate H/Ls for participation in brain aging research by addressing several barriers to inclusion, including health literacy and AD-related communication. Methods: We used a novel community-engaged method-Boot Camp Translation (BCT)-to translate medical jargon into action-based, community-relevant messages. H/L community members ( Results: H/L community members showed significant improvements in subjective understanding (Cohen's Discussion: The collaborative efforts identified culturally responsive and community-relevant messaging that may help address health literacy barriers contributing to AD-related disparities in H/L communities. Highlights: Hispanics/Latinos are underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research despite increased risk.Limited ADRD health literacy may act as a recruitment barrier.Boot Camp Translation (BCT) is a process that targets health communication.We carried out BCT in three cities to co-develop ADRD messaging.Results highlight regional similarities and differences in ADRD communication.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2832891-7
ISSN	2352-8737 ; 2352-8737
ISSN (online)	2352-8737
ISSN	2352-8737
DOI	10.1002/trc2.12390
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