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Article ; Online: Preferences of Dairy Cattle for Supplemental Light-Emitting Diode Lighting in the Resting Area

Angela M. Wilson / Tom C. Wright / John P. Cant / Vern R. Osborne

Animals, Vol 12, Iss 15, p

2022 Volume 1894

Abstract: Light from the environment is important for vision and regulating various biological processes. Providing supplemental lighting in the stall area could allow for individually targeted or group-level control of light. This study aimed to determine whether ...

Abstract	Light from the environment is important for vision and regulating various biological processes. Providing supplemental lighting in the stall area could allow for individually targeted or group-level control of light. This study aimed to determine whether dairy cattle had preferences for short-term exposure to white (full-spectrum) light-emitting diode (LED) light or no LED light, yellow-green or white LED light, and blue or white LED light in the stall area. In total, 14 lactating cows were housed in a free-stall pen with unrestricted access to 28 stalls. LED light was controlled separately for each side of the stall platform. Two combinations of light were tested per week, and each week consisted of three adaptation days and four treatment days. Lying behaviour and video data were recorded continuously using leg-mounted pedometers and cameras, respectively. Preference was assessed by the amount of time spent lying and the number of bouts under each light treatment. No differences occurred between treatments within each week for daily lying time and number of bouts. Similarly, no differences occurred between treatments within each time period. Further controlled studies of long-term exposure to different LED wavelengths and intensities are required to determine potential benefits on metabolic processes.
Keywords	dairy cattle ; lying behaviour ; artificial light ; wavelength ; housing systems ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Insulin sensitivity is associated with the observed variation of de novo lipid synthesis and body composition in finishing pigs

Hector Hernando Salgado / Candido Pomar / Marie-France Palin / Hélène Lapierre / Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy / John P. Cant / Aline Remus

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Variations in body composition among pigs can be associated with insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect. The study objectives were to characterize this association and to compare de novo lipogenesis and the gene expression in the ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Variations in body composition among pigs can be associated with insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect. The study objectives were to characterize this association and to compare de novo lipogenesis and the gene expression in the adipose tissue of pigs of the same genetic background. Thirty 30–95 kg of body weight (BW) pigs, catheterized in the jugular vein participated into an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75 g glucose/kg of BW) to calculate insulin-related indexes. The 8 fattest and the 8 leanest pigs were used to determine the relative mRNA abundance of studied genes. The rate of lipogenesis was assessed by incorporation of [U-13C]glucose into lipids. The QUICKI and Matsuda indexes negatively correlated with total body lipids (r = − 0.67 and r = − 0.59; P < 0.01) and de novo lipogenesis (r = − 0.58; P < 0.01). Fat pigs had a higher expression level of lipogenic enzymes (ACACA, ACLY; P < 0.05) than lean pigs. The reduced insulin sensitivity in fat pigs was associated with a higher expression level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and a lower expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). In conclusion, pigs with increased body lipids have lower insulin sensitivity which is associated with increased de novo lipogenesis.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of Total Starch and Resistant Starch in Commercial Extruded Dog Foods on Gastric Emptying in Siberian Huskies

Taylor L. Richards / Alexandra Rankovic / John P. Cant / Anna K. Shoveller / Jennifer L. Adolphe / Dan Ramdath / Adronie Verbrugghe

Animals, Vol 11, Iss 2928, p

2021 Volume 2928

Abstract: Gastric emptying rate (GER) may impact diabetes and obesity in humans and could provide a method to reduce canine weight gain. Starch, the most common source of carbohydrates (CHOs) in pet food, is classified as rapidly or slowly digestible, or resistant ...

Abstract	Gastric emptying rate (GER) may impact diabetes and obesity in humans and could provide a method to reduce canine weight gain. Starch, the most common source of carbohydrates (CHOs) in pet food, is classified as rapidly or slowly digestible, or resistant to digestion. This study investigated starch source effects in commercial extruded dog foods on the GER of 11 healthy adult Siberian Huskies. Test diets were classified as traditional, grain-free, whole-grain, and vegan. Dogs received each diet once, a glucose control twice, and acetaminophen (Ac) as a marker for GER in a randomized, partially replicated, 6 × 6 Latin square design. Pre- and post-prandial blood samples were collected at 16 timepoints from −15 to 480 min. Serum Ac concentrations were assessed via standard spectrophotometric assays and fitted with a mathematical model to estimate parameters of GER. Parameter values were subjected to ANOVA, with period and treatment as fixed effects and dog as a random effect. More total emptying ( p = 0.074) occurred at a faster rate ( p = 0.028) in dogs fed the grain-free diet, which contained the lowest total starch (34.03 ± 0.23%) and highest resistant starch (0.52 ± 0.007%). This research may benefit future diet formulations to reduce the prevalence of canine weight gain.
Keywords	canine ; carbohydrates ; grain-free ; pet food ; pharmacokinetic mathematical modelling ; acetaminophen tracking ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Of the milk sugars, galactose, but not prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide, improves insulin sensitivity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Priska Stahel / Julie J Kim / Changting Xiao / John P Cant

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 2, p e

2017 Volume 0172260

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Consumption of dairy products reduces risk of type 2 diabetes. Milk proteins and fats exhibit anti-diabetic properties but milk sugars have been studied little in this context. Galactose from milk lactose is readily converted to glycogen in ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND:Consumption of dairy products reduces risk of type 2 diabetes. Milk proteins and fats exhibit anti-diabetic properties but milk sugars have been studied little in this context. Galactose from milk lactose is readily converted to glycogen in the liver but its effects on insulin sensitivity have not been assessed. Prebiotic oligosaccharides from milk alter gut microbiota and can thereby influence host metabolism. Our objective was to assess the effect on insulin sensitivity of dietary galactose compared to glucose and fructose, and fermentable galacto-oligosaccharides compared to non-fermentable methylcellulose. METHODS:Diets containing 15% of dry matter from glucose, fructose, galactose, galacto-oligosaccharides, or methylcellulose were fed to 36 rats per diet for 9 weeks. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with [3-3H]glucose infusion and a steady-state 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose bolus injection were used to assess insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake indices. Tissue was collected in fed, fasted and fasted, insulin-stimulated states. RESULTS:Galactose increased glucose infusion rate during the clamp by 53% and decreased endogenous glucose production by 57% compared to glucose and fructose. Fed-state hepatic glycogen content was greater with galactose compared to glucose and fructose, consistent with a potentiation of the insulin effect on glycogen synthase by dephosphorylation. Galactose decreased the fecal Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio while galacto-oligosaccharides increased abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium spp. 481-fold compared to methylcellulose, and also increased abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroidetes. Galacto-oligosaccharides did not affect glucose infusion rate or endogenous glucose production during basal or clamp periods compared to methylcellulose. CONCLUSIONS:Galactose at 15% of daily intake improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in rats compared to glucose and fructose. Galactose caused an increase in fed-state hepatic glycogen content and a favourable shift in gut microbial ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exercise but Not Supplemental Dietary Tryptophan Influences Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate in Sled Dogs

Emma Thornton / James R. Templeman / Michael Bower / John P. Cant / Graham P. Holloway / Anna K. Shoveller

Veterinary Sciences, Vol 7, Iss 97, p

2020 Volume 97

Abstract: Tryptophan (Trp), an indispensable amino acid for dogs, is the precursor of serotonin, a neurotransmitter with a variety of effects throughout the body, including the ability to modulate cardiac and pulmonary activity. This study aimed to investigate the ...

Abstract	Tryptophan (Trp), an indispensable amino acid for dogs, is the precursor of serotonin, a neurotransmitter with a variety of effects throughout the body, including the ability to modulate cardiac and pulmonary activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week incremental exercise regimen and supplemental dietary Trp on heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) in client-owned sled dogs. Sixteen Siberian huskies were randomly allocated to either treatment or control diet groups. Both groups were fed a control diet (Trp to large neutral amino acid ratio of 0.047:1); however, treatment dogs received a Trp supplement to achieve a Trp to large neutral amino acid ratio of 0.075:1. Every three weeks, external telemetry equipment was used to non-invasively measure and record HR and RR at a resting, working, and post-exercise state in a controlled exercise challenge. A mixed model was used to test differences between diet, activity parameter, and week. Dietary Trp supplementation had no effect on HR or RR. Independent of diet, resting, working, post-exercise HR, and time to recover post-exercise HR decreased from week −1 to week 11 ( p < 0.05). Resting HR had the greatest reduction from week −1 to week 11 (21%, p < 0.05). Working RR did not change with exercise ( p > 0.10), but rRR and postRR decreased from week −1 to week 11 ( p < 0.05). These data suggest that the exercise regimen the dogs were subjected to may have positively impacted the dogs’ capacity to sustain aerobic exercise, whereas Trp supplementation had no effect on HR or RR.
Keywords	heart rate ; respiratory rate ; tryptophan ; exercise ; sled dogs ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Maintenance of plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations during glucose infusion directs essential amino acids to extra-mammary tissues in lactating dairy cows

Curtis, Richelle V / John Doelman / John P. Cant / Julie J.M. Kim

American Dairy Science Association Journal of dairy science. 2018 May, v. 101, no. 5

2018

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of branched-chain AA (BCAA) supplementation when glucose is infused postruminally into lactating dairy cows consuming a diet low in crude protein (CP) and to test the hypothesis that low BCAA ... ...

Abstract	The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of branched-chain AA (BCAA) supplementation when glucose is infused postruminally into lactating dairy cows consuming a diet low in crude protein (CP) and to test the hypothesis that low BCAA concentrations are responsible for the poor stimulation of milk protein yield by glucose. Twelve early-lactation Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 15% and 12% CP diets in a switchback design of 6-wk periods. Cows consuming the 12% CP diet received 96-h continuous jugular infusions of saline and 1 kg/d of glucose with 0, 75, or 150 g/d of BCAA in a Latin square sequence of treatments. Compared with saline, glucose infusion did not affect dry matter intake but increased milk yield by 2.2 kg/d and milk protein and lactose yields by 63 and 151 g/d, respectively. Mammary plasma flow increased 36% during glucose infusion compared with saline infusion, possibly because of a 31% decrease in total acetate plus β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Circulating concentrations of total essential AA and BCAA decreased 19 and 31%, respectively, during infusion of glucose, yet net mammary uptakes of AA remained unchanged compared with saline infusion. The addition of 75 and 150 g/d of BCAA to glucose infusions increased arterial concentrations of BCAA to 106 and 149%, respectively, of the concentrations in saline-infused cows, but caused a decrease in concentrations of non-branched-chain essential AA in plasma, as well as their mammary uptakes and milk protein yields. Plasma urea concentration was not affected by BCAA infusion, indicating no change in catabolism of AA. The lack of mammary and catabolic effects leads us to suggest that BCAA exerted their effects on plasma concentrations of the other essential AA by stimulating utilization in skeletal muscle for protein accretion. Results indicate that the glucose effect on milk protein yield was not limited by low BCAA concentrations, and that a stimulation of extra-mammary use of non-branched-chain essential amino acids by BCAA led to a decrease in milk protein yield.
Keywords	3-hydroxybutyric acid ; acetates ; amino acid composition ; crude protein ; dairy cows ; dairy protein ; dry matter intake ; early lactation ; essential amino acids ; glucose ; Holstein ; lactating females ; lactose ; metabolism ; milk protein yield ; skeletal muscle ; urea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-05
Size	p. 4542-4553.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2017-13236
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Supplemental Fiber Affects Body Temperature and Fecal Metabolites but Not Respiratory Rate or Body Composition in Mid-Distance Training Sled Dogs

Emma Thornton / Eve Robinson / James R. Templeman / Lindy Bruggink / Michael Bower / John P. Cant / Graham P. Holloway / Kelly S. Swanson / E. James Squires / Anna K. Shoveller

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Dietary fiber affects canine physiology in many ways, such as increasing colonic absorption of water and improving gut health, both of which may positively impact exercise performance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of ... ...

Abstract	Dietary fiber affects canine physiology in many ways, such as increasing colonic absorption of water and improving gut health, both of which may positively impact exercise performance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of increased dietary soluble fiber and incremental training on respiratory rate (RR), internal body temperature (BT), body composition, and fecal metabolites in mid-distance training sled dogs. Fourteen dogs (12 Siberian and 2 Alaskan Huskies) were blocked by age, sex, and body weight (BW) and then randomly allocated into one of two diet groups. Seven dogs were fed a dry extruded control diet (Ctl) with an insoluble:soluble fiber ratio of 4:1 (0.74% soluble fiber on a dry-matter basis), and seven dogs were fed a dry extruded treatment diet (Trt) with an insoluble:soluble fiber ratio of 3:1 (2.12% soluble fiber on a dry-matter basis). Fecal samples were taken once a week. All dogs underwent 9 weeks of incremental exercise conditioning where the running distance was designed to increase each week. Every 3 weeks, external telemetry equipment was used to non-invasively measure and record RR and internal BT at resting, working, and post-exercise recovery states. Body composition was measured on weeks −1 and 9 using quantitative magnetic resonance. Body composition, RR, BT, and fecal metabolites were analyzed using a mixed model with dog as a random effect and week and diet group as fixed effects. Dogs on Trt had lower working and post-exercise BT than Ctl (P < 0.05). In addition, Trt dogs had lower recovery BT at weeks 2 and 5 than Ctl dogs (P < 0.05). Treatment dogs had greater fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations than Ctl (P < 0.05). Diet had no effect on RR or body composition (P > 0.10), but exercise resulted in an overall 7% increase in lean and 3.5% decrease in fat mass (P < 0.05). These data suggest that increasing dietary soluble fiber may positively influence BT and gut health; however, it has no effect on RR or body composition. Soluble fiber did not negatively impact any measures of overall health and performance and should be considered for use in performance dogs.
Keywords	physiology ; canine ; exercise ; dietary fiber ; nutrition ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	796 ; 630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Effects of a wax organogel and alginate gel complex on holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) in vitro ruminal dry matter disappearance and gas production

Templeman, James R / Brian W McBride / John P Cant / Michael A Rogers / Vern R Osborne

Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2018 Sept., v. 98, no. 12

2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to: (a) select an ideal organogel for the oil phase of a novel gel encapsulation technology, (b) optimize the formulation of an organogel and sodium alginate‐based gel complex, and (c) examine the rumen ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to: (a) select an ideal organogel for the oil phase of a novel gel encapsulation technology, (b) optimize the formulation of an organogel and sodium alginate‐based gel complex, and (c) examine the rumen protective ability of the gel by measuring 48‐h in vitro ruminal dry matter disappearance and gas production from encapsulated dried and ground holy basil leaves. RESULTS: A rice‐bran wax and canola oil organogel was selected for the oil phase of the gel complex as this combination had a 48‐h dry matter disappearance of 6%, the lowest of all organogels analyzed. The gel complex was formulated by homogenizing the organogel with a sodium alginate solution to create a low‐viscosity oil‐in‐water emulsion. Average dry matter disappearance of gel‐encapsulated holy basil was 19%, compared to 42% for the free, unprotected holy basil. However, gel encapsulation of holy basil stimulated gas production. Specifically, gas production of encapsulated holy basil was four times higher than the treatment with holy basil added on top of the gel prior to incubation rather than encapsulated within the gel. CONCLUSION: Although the gel itself was highly degradable, it is speculated encapsulation thwarted holy basil's antimicrobial activity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Keywords	antimicrobial properties ; canola oil ; emulsions ; encapsulation ; leaves ; Ocimum tenuiflorum ; organogels ; rice bran ; rumen ; sodium ; sodium alginate
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 4488-4494.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	184116-6
ISSN	1097-0010 ; 0022-5142
ISSN (online)	1097-0010
ISSN	0022-5142
DOI	10.1002/jsfa.8973
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Nutritional strategies used on dairy goat farms in Ontario

Oudshoorn, Hilda M / John P. Cant / Marlene A. Paibomesai / Vern R. Osborne

Professional animal scientists. 2016 Aug., v. 32, no. 4

2016

Abstract: Ontario’s dairy goat industry has grown in recent years. The objective of the present study was to establish the current nutritional practices on dairy goat farms. A survey was sent out to 216 dairy goat producers in Ontario. Producers were asked ... ...

Abstract	Ontario’s dairy goat industry has grown in recent years. The objective of the present study was to establish the current nutritional practices on dairy goat farms. A survey was sent out to 216 dairy goat producers in Ontario. Producers were asked questions regarding their general herd structure and mortality, voluntary culling reasons, lactation management, nutrition management, housing and space allowance, goat kid management, and opinions on future research. Nutritional practices varied considerably between farms. The most common feeding systems were complete feed (pellet) with forage and component feed for lactating does, dry does, transition does, and doelings. Alfalfa hay was the most common forage fed with the complete feed system. Most producers (84%) fed their goats pellets or grain at the parlor. Milk production was greatest in the summer months, whereas milk fat and protein levels were greater in the fall and winter months. Colostrum management varied between farms. Most producers (36.1%) did not allow goat kids to spend time with their dam. Few farms pasteurized or tested the quality of the colostrum. There was considerable variability when producers offered grain and starter, hay, and water to goat kids, ranging from younger than 5 d to after weaning. Nutrition and kid rearing were the 2 most common areas identified by producers that require further investigation. Future research is essential in providing the dairy goat industry with the information required to effectively meet the needs of the animal, improve production efficiency, and ultimately help support the growth of the industry.
Keywords	alfalfa hay ; attitudes and opinions ; autumn ; colostrum ; dairy farming ; dairy goats ; farms ; forage ; herds ; industry ; kids (goats) ; lactation ; milk fat ; milk production ; mortality ; pellets ; rearing ; summer ; surveys ; weaning ; winter ; Ontario
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-08
Size	p. 484-494.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1080-7446
DOI	10.15232/pas.2015-01491
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Supranutritional selenium intake from enriched milk casein impairs hepatic insulin sensitivity via attenuated IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling and decreased PGC-1α expression in male Sprague–Dawley rats

Stahel, Priska / Changting Xiao / Jenny M. Warrington / John P. Cant / Julie J. Kim / Scott R.L. Cieslar

Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2017 Mar., v. 41

2017

Abstract: Selenium (Se)-enriched milk provides antioxidant benefits and has therapeutic potential against cancer. However, both antidiabetic and prodiabetic effects have been attributed to Se. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of Se-enriched milk casein on ... ...

Abstract	Selenium (Se)-enriched milk provides antioxidant benefits and has therapeutic potential against cancer. However, both antidiabetic and prodiabetic effects have been attributed to Se. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of Se-enriched milk casein on insulin sensitivity in rats when given at the requirement of 0.25 ppm Se and supranutritionally on both low- and high-fat diets. Two hundred sixteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed low- or high-fat diets containing one, two or eight times the Se requirement in a randomized block design. After 7 weeks, 72 rats were subjected to the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp with [3-3H]glucose infusion to estimate glucose fluxes. Tissues were collected from the remaining 144 rats 8 min after ip saline or insulin injection. During hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps, glucose infusion rate was 22% lower (P=.058), and endogenous glucose production was 76% higher (P=.054) when Se content increased from one to eight times the requirement on low-fat diets, indicating impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity. Se also decreased the ability for insulin to stimulate Akt phosphorylation at Thr308. Hepatic oxidation state and expression of selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase-1 were unaffected while expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and−2 and PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) decreased with supranutritional Se and high-fat intake. In addition, hepatic expression of regulatory and catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) decreased with supranutritional intake of Se. Se intake from enriched casein up to eight times the requirement impairs hepatic insulin sensitivity in a mechanism similar to fat feeding, via attenuated IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling and decreased PGC-1α expression.
Keywords	antioxidants ; casein ; gene expression ; glucose ; glucose clamp technique ; glutathione ; high fat diet ; insulin ; insulin resistance ; liver ; low fat diet ; males ; milk ; neoplasms ; oxidation ; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ; phosphorylation ; protein subunits ; rats ; selenium ; selenoproteins ; signal transducing adaptor proteins
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. 142-150.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1014929-6
ISSN	1873-4847 ; 0955-2863
ISSN (online)	1873-4847
ISSN	0955-2863
DOI	10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.012
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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