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Conference proceedings ; Online: On the relationships between the observed oceanic meridional heat transport at 26N and climate modes

Elipot, S. / Johns, W. / Moat, B. / Smeed, D.

XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

2023

Abstract: The meridional heat transport (MHT) estimated at 26N in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the RAPID-MOCHA project is one of the prominent observable oceanic indices of the global climate. Understanding the linear relationship between the MHT and other global ...

Abstract	The meridional heat transport (MHT) estimated at 26N in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the RAPID-MOCHA project is one of the prominent observable oceanic indices of the global climate. Understanding the linear relationship between the MHT and other global climate indicators is important for improving our understanding of climate dynamics and providing benchmarks for assessing earth system reanalysis products. The MHT time series exhibits significant correlation with various climate indices but the dynamical interpretation of these correlations is difficult since these indices are typically correlated among themselves. To clarify the implications of these correlations, we investigate the regression patterns between the MHT and field variables from the ERA5 monthly reanalysis dataset. We use a method that allows us to decompose these regression patterns into statistically significant spatio-temporal components that can be subsequently linked to known global climate indices. Our preliminary results suggest that up to 40% of the monthly variance of the MHT can be linearly attributed to three global modes. These modes, explaining 19, 13, and 8 percent of the MHT variance, are respectively strongly related to the Arctic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, and the Antarctic Oscillation index, which are three indices uncorrelated with each other. Yet, each of these three modes exhibits air-sea heat flux and 2-m atmospheric temperature patterns over northern hemisphere latitudes that are markedly different. This implies that the net impacts on regional climates of MHT changes at any time can vary depending on the global state of the climate system.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Minimally Invasive Surgery Using a Shannon Burr for the Treatment of Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Systematic Review.

Gonzalez, Tyler / Encinas, Rodrigo / Johns, William / Benjamin Jackson, J

Foot & ankle orthopaedics

2023 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 24730114221151069

Abstract: Background: Recently there has been an increase in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for the correction of hallux valgus deformity. This systematic review aims to evaluate and present the current literature on MIS hallux valgus correction in studies ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recently there has been an increase in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for the correction of hallux valgus deformity. This systematic review aims to evaluate and present the current literature on MIS hallux valgus correction in studies reporting the use of the Shannon burr with distal metatarsal osteotomies to help establish evidence-based guidelines for surgeons using this technique. Methods: Two independent authors performed a systematic literature search using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines were followed. All studies included were published from 2008 to 2022 and included the use of the Shannon burr during distal metatarsal osteotomies MIS for hallux valgus and at least 12-month follow-up. The MINORS score criteria was used to evaluate the strength and quality of 17 studies by 3 authors. Statistical analysis and meta-analysis were not performed because of the heterogeneity of the included studies and the data being descriptive. Results: A total of 17 studies were reviewed. A total of 911 subjects were included, and 1088 MIS procedures were performed. The average follow-up was 23.8 (12-59.1) months. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale and visual analog scale scores improved from 52.1 (41-62.5) to 90.3 (83.3-97.1) and 4.9 (3-8.2) to 0.8 (0-1.9). Satisfaction rates were very high among the studies that reported it. The hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and distal metatarsal articular angle improved from 31.4 (23.5-44.1) to 11.1 (7-17.2), 13.4 (8.1-18.6) to 7.3 (4.2-10.3), and 12.3 (9-16.3) to 4.1 (1-6.7), respectively. The complication rate was 16.6%, and recurrence was 2.2%. Nonunion comprised 0.4%, infections 1.1%, nerve injury 2.2%, avascular necrosis 0%, hallux varus 0.09%, transfer metatarsalgia 0.1%, and hardware removal 6.2%. Conclusion: MIS for the treatment of hallux valgus using the Shannon burr appears to be a safe and effective therapy, with appropriate correction of the hallux valgus deformity, improvement in functional outcomes, high patient satisfaction, low recurrence, and acceptable complication rates. Level of evidence: Level II, systematic review.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2473-0114
ISSN (online)	2473-0114
DOI	10.1177/24730114221151069
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Most Impactful Articles on the Shoulder Labrum From the United States or Europe, and Decreased Level of Evidence Is Associated With Increased Altmetric Attention Score.

Vadhera, Amar S / Fones, Lilah / Johns, William / Cohen, Anne R / Hanna, Adeeb / Tjoumakaris, Fotios P / Freedman, Kevin B

Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation

2024 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 100876

Abstract: Purpose: To use the top 100 articles pertaining to the shoulder labrum to understand the impact that social medial platforms have on the dissemination of shoulder research and to highlight bibliometric factors associated with Altmetric Attention Scores ( ...

Abstract	Purpose: To use the top 100 articles pertaining to the shoulder labrum to understand the impact that social medial platforms have on the dissemination of shoulder research and to highlight bibliometric factors associated with Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS) to offer insight into the impact that social media platforms have on the dissemination, attention, and citation of shoulder research publications. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. In January 2023, the Altmetric database was searched using the PubMed Medical Subject Headings terms "shoulder labrum." Articles with the greatest AAS were screened to exclude other topics unrelated to the labrum of the shoulder. The top 100 articles that met inclusion criteria were used in the final analysis. Bibliometric factors pertaining to each study were collected for further analysis of article characteristics in accordance with previous studies. Results: The Altmetric Database query yielded 619 studies. The top 100 articles with highest AAS were identified, mean Attestation Score was 24.85 ± 55.51, with a range of 7 to 460. The included articles represented 35 journals, with 57 articles attributed to 3 journals: Conclusions: Top articles on the shoulder labrum, as defined by high AAS score, are most commonly original clinical research published in 1 of 3 sports medicine journals and performed in the United States or Europe. A decreased numerical Level of Evidence is associated with an increase in AAS score, but there is no association between AAS score and citation rate. Clinical relevance: The increasing amount of science and health information shared freely through open-access journals, online servers, and numerous social media channels makes it difficult to measure the impact of research. Using measures such as the Altmetric Attention Score, in isolation or addition to measures of researcher or journal impact, has the potential to provide comprehensive information about the impact of research in the modern world.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-061X
ISSN (online)	2666-061X
DOI	10.1016/j.asmr.2023.100876
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction of Delayed Distal Biceps Repairs without Graft Augmentation: A Systematic Review.

Tzeuton, Serge / Johns, William / Campbell, Benjamin / Hammoud, Sommer / Ciccotti, Michael G / Namdari, Surena

JBJS reviews

2023 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: Background: Distal biceps tendon tears are responsible for 3% to 10% of all biceps ruptures. Treated nonoperatively, these injuries result in poor endurance, loss of supination strength, and loss of flexion strength compared with those treated ... ...

Abstract	Background: Distal biceps tendon tears are responsible for 3% to 10% of all biceps ruptures. Treated nonoperatively, these injuries result in poor endurance, loss of supination strength, and loss of flexion strength compared with those treated operatively with repair or reconstruction. When presenting in a chronic fashion, operative management can involve graft reconstruction or primary repair. When there is adequate tendon excursion and quality, primary repair is preferred. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the literature regarding outcomes of direct surgical repair of chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review and for the presentation of results. A search of the literature was performed on the electronic database Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Included studies evaluated subjective and objective outcomes after delayed treatment (≥4 weeks postinjury) for chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures, without use of graft augmentation. Subjective and objective outcome metrics such as functional scores, range of motion, strength, pain level, and return to employment were collected. Results: Eight studies were reviewed. The studies included 124 patients with chronic distal biceps tendon tears, treated surgically after a mean delay to surgery of 121.8 days. Four studies included comparison of patients with acute and chronic tears, whereas the other 4 studies assessed chronic tears only. The findings of these 4 studies suggest that direct repair of chronic tears is correlated with a mildly higher rate of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) injury palsy (10/82 [12.1%] chronic vs. 3/38 [7.9%] acute, p = 0.753); however, this complication was overwhelmingly transient. There were only 3 reported reruptures (3.19%) across 5 studies reporting this complication. Overall, patients who had undergone direct repair of chronic distal biceps tears had good patient satisfaction, outcomes, and range of motion. Conclusion: Direct repair of chronic distal biceps tendon tears without the use of graft reconstruction is associated with acceptable patient satisfaction, range of motion, and functional outcome scores, although transient LABCN palsy rates may be slightly higher. When sufficient residual tendon is present in the setting of chronic distal biceps rupture, direct repair is a viable treatment option. However, the existing literature regarding direct repair of chronic distal biceps repair is limited, and further prospective assessment directly comparing primary repair vs. reconstruction of chronic distal biceps ruptures is warranted. Level of evidence: Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendon Injuries/surgery ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Elbow/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ISSN	2329-9185
ISSN (online)	2329-9185
DOI	e22.00185
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Conference proceedings ; Online: Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subtropical Atlantic and the design of the RAPID 26°N observing array

Smeed, D. / Moat, B. / Frajka-Williams, E. / Rayner, D. / Volkov, D. / Elipot, S. / Smith, R. / Johns, W.

XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

2023

Abstract: The time series of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 26°N has been extended to December 2020 and is close to 17 years long. During the period from 2004 to 2008 the AMOC was about 2.5 Sv stronger than in the following years. Since ... ...

Abstract	The time series of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 26°N has been extended to December 2020 and is close to 17 years long. During the period from 2004 to 2008 the AMOC was about 2.5 Sv stronger than in the following years. Since then, there has been significant interannual variability, but the AMOC has remained relatively weak compared with the first four years of observations. The design of the array was changed in 2020 so that continuous measurements are no longer made over the mid-Atlantic Ridge and in the deep eastern basin. Instead, it is proposed to use data from quinquennial hydrographic surveys to quantify changes in these locations. Here, the extended time series is presented and the impact of the design change on the accuracy of the RAPID timeseries is examined. Other possible design changes are considered too. It is shown that, although the mid-Atlantic ridge measurements have been important in determining the mean structure of the overturning streamfunction, the impact upon the variability of the streamfunction maximum has been small. It is hoped that these changes will enable the measurement of the AMOC at 26°N to be sustained in the future.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Conference proceedings ; Online: Atlantic meridional overturning circulation increases flood risk along the United States southeast coast

Volkov, D. / Zhang, K. / Johns, W. / Willis, J. / Hobbs, W. / Goes, M. / Zhang, H. / Menemenlis, D.

XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

2023

Abstract: The system of oceanic flows constituting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) moves heat and other properties to the subpolar North Atlantic, controlling regional climate, weather, sea levels, and ecosystems. Climate models suggest a ... ...

Abstract	The system of oceanic flows constituting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) moves heat and other properties to the subpolar North Atlantic, controlling regional climate, weather, sea levels, and ecosystems. Climate models suggest a potential AMOC slowdown towards the end of the 21 st century due to anthropogenic forcing, which would accelerate coastal sea level rise along the western boundary and dramatically increase coastal flood risk. While the slowdown has not been observed to date, we show here that the AMOC-induced intrinsic changes in gyre-scale heat content, superimposed on the global mean sea level rise, are already influencing the frequency of floods along the United States southeastern seaboard. For the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico coasts, using observations and an ocean state estimate, we have established a strong link between coastal sea level, the associated flood frequency, and gyre-scale dynamic sea level and oceanic heat content variability, which are largely controlled by AMOC-driven ocean heat convergence. We find that ocean heat convergence, being the primary driver for interannual sea level changes in the subtropical North Atlantic, has led to an exceptional gyre-scale warming and associated dynamic sea level rise since 2010, accounting for 30-50% of flood days in 2015-2020. The results of this study highlight the importance of accounting for natural, large-scale sea level variability in order to improve coastal sea level projections and to better assess coastal flood risk.
Subject code	551 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Circulation and overturning in the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre

Koman, G. / Johns, W.E. / Houk, A. / Houpert, L. / Li, F.

Progress in Oceanography. 2022 Nov., v. 208 p.102884-

2022

Abstract: This study describes new transport estimates of the North Atlantic Current in the Iceland Basin, and uses these results along with other contemporaneous measurements to determine mass and overturning budgets for the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre. ... ...

Abstract	This study describes new transport estimates of the North Atlantic Current in the Iceland Basin, and uses these results along with other contemporaneous measurements to determine mass and overturning budgets for the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre. As part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), estimates of the North Atlantic Current are determined using three full-depth dynamic height moorings spanning the Iceland Basin and are supplemented by Argo and satellite altimetry data. Along with historical estimates of the exchanges over the Iceland-Scotland Ridge, additional OSNAP results from the Rockall Trough and Rockall-Hatton Bank regions are used to calculate transport budgets in different density layers over a broad portion of the eastern subpolar gyre. Results show that 13–14 Sv of the North Atlantic Current (σθ < 27.8 kg m⁻³) flow northward into the middle of the Iceland Basin through a primary baroclinic flow near 23.5°W and a secondary quasi-barotropic flow near 26°W. Together with the observed northward flow in the Rockall-Hatton area, we conclude that 19–20 Sv of the upper limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (σθ < 27.56 kg m⁻³) flows into the region where nearly 40 % of it (7.3 Sv) is converted into the lower limb primarily through progressive water mass modification from atmospheric cooling. This accounts for nearly half of the strength of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation defined by the full OSNAP array extending across the basin from Greenland to Scotland.
Keywords	basins ; cooling ; oceanography ; satellite altimetry ; Greenland ; Iceland ; Scotland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	0079-6611
DOI	10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102884
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Reconstructing full-field flapping wing dynamics from sparse measurements.

Johns, William / Davis, Lisa / Jankauski, Mark

Bioinspiration & biomimetics

2020 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 16005

Abstract: Flapping insect wings deform during flight. This deformation benefits the insect's aerodynamic force production as well as energetic efficiency. However, it is challenging to measure wing displacement field in flying insects. Many points must be tracked ... ...

Abstract	Flapping insect wings deform during flight. This deformation benefits the insect's aerodynamic force production as well as energetic efficiency. However, it is challenging to measure wing displacement field in flying insects. Many points must be tracked over the wing's surface to resolve its instantaneous shape. To reduce the number of points one is required to track, we propose a physics-based reconstruction method called system equivalent reduction expansion processes to estimate wing deformation and strain from sparse measurements. Measurement locations are determined using a weighted normalized modal displacement method. We experimentally validate the reconstruction technique by flapping a paper wing from 5-9 Hz with 45° and measuring strain at three locations. Two measurements are used for the reconstruction and the third for validation. Strain reconstructions had a maximal error of 30% in amplitude. We extend this methodology to a more realistic insect wing through numerical simulation. We show that wing displacement can be estimated from sparse displacement or strain measurements, and that additional sensors spatially average measurement noise to improve reconstruction accuracy. This research helps overcome some of the challenges of measuring full-field dynamics in flying insects and provides a framework for strain-based sensing in insect-inspired flapping robots.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Flight, Animal ; Insecta ; Models, Biological ; Wings, Animal
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2235670-8
ISSN	1748-3190 ; 1748-3182
ISSN (online)	1748-3190
ISSN	1748-3182
DOI	10.1088/1748-3190/abb0cb
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Article ; Online: >30 W vortex LG

Geberbauer, J W T / Kerridge-Johns, W R / Damzen, M J

Optics express

2021 Volume 29, Issue 18, Page(s) 29082–29094

Abstract: High-power vortex light generated directly from lasers will help drive their applications in material processing, optical manipulation, levitation, particle acceleration, and communications, but limited power has been achieved to date. In this work, we ... ...

Abstract	High-power vortex light generated directly from lasers will help drive their applications in material processing, optical manipulation, levitation, particle acceleration, and communications, but limited power has been achieved to date. In this work, we demonstrate record vortex average power of 31.3 W directly from a laser, to the best of our knowledge, using an interferometric mode transforming output coupler to convert a fundamental mode Nd:YVO
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.432674
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Article: Transport and Evolution of the East Reykjanes Ridge Current

Koman, G. / Johns, W. E. / Houk, A.

Journal of geophysical research. 2020 Oct., v. 125, no. 10

2020

Abstract: This study of the first continuous multiyear observations of the East Reykjanes Ridge Current (ERRC) reveals a highly variable, mostly barotropic southwestward flow with a mean transport of 10–13 Sv. The ERRC effectively acts as a western boundary ... ...

Abstract	This study of the first continuous multiyear observations of the East Reykjanes Ridge Current (ERRC) reveals a highly variable, mostly barotropic southwestward flow with a mean transport of 10–13 Sv. The ERRC effectively acts as a western boundary current in the Iceland Basin on the eastern flank of the Reykjanes Ridge. As part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), continuous measurements of the ERRC have been maintained for the first time using acoustic Doppler current profilers, current meters, and dynamic height moorings at six mooring sites near 58°N since 2014. Together with satellite altimetry and Argo profile and drift data, the mean transport, synoptic variability, water mass properties, and upstream and downstream pathways of the ERRC are examined. Results show that the ERRC forms in the northeastern Iceland Basin at the convergence of surface waters from the North Atlantic Current and deeper Icelandic Slope Water formed along the Iceland‐Faroe Ridge. The ERRC becomes denser as it cools and freshens along the northern and western topography of the Basin before retroflecting over the Reykjanes Ridge near 59°N into the Irminger Current. Analysis of the flow‐weighted density changes along the ERRC's path reveals that it is responsible for about one third of the net potential density change of waters circulating around the rim of the subpolar gyre.
Keywords	acoustics ; basins ; evolution ; geophysics ; research ; satellite altimetry ; topography ; Iceland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	161667-5
ISSN	2169-9291 ; 2169-9275 ; 0148-0227 ; 0196-2256
ISSN (online)	2169-9291
ISSN	2169-9275 ; 0148-0227 ; 0196-2256
DOI	10.1029/2020JC016377
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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