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  1. Article ; Online: Letter labels and illusory correlation: infrequent letters bias reactions to the group.

    Johnson, Craig

    The Journal of social psychology

    2023  , Page(s) 1–17

    Abstract: A previously underappreciated factor, the specific letters used to label the groups, was found to influence the magnitude of the well-established illusory correlation (IC) effect . The typical IC effect of an association between the minority group and ... ...

    Abstract A previously underappreciated factor, the specific letters used to label the groups, was found to influence the magnitude of the well-established illusory correlation (IC) effect . The typical IC effect of an association between the minority group and the rarer (negative) behavior was strong when the minority group was labeled with an infrequent letter (e.g. X, Z) and the majority group was labeled with a frequent letter (e.g. S, T), but the effect was eliminated (or reduced) with the reverse pairing of the majority group with an infrequent letter. The letter label effect was also found with the A and B labels most commonly used in this paradigm. The results were consistent with an explanation based on the affect associated with the letters due to the mere exposure effect. The findings reveal a previously unexplored way that the names for groups may influence stereotype formation, contribute to the debate on the mechanism underlying IC, and illustrate how arbitrarily chosen labels for groups and other objects in social research may bias processing in unexpected ways.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2066653-6
    ISSN 1940-1183 ; 0022-4545
    ISSN (online) 1940-1183
    ISSN 0022-4545
    DOI 10.1080/00224545.2023.2224546
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: The Urban Climate Challenge : Rethinking the Role of Cities in the Global Climate Regime

    Johnson, Craig / Toly, Noah / Schroeder, Heike

    2015  

    Keywords Politics & government ; Environmental policy & protocols ; Urban & municipal planning ; Cities ; Climate Change ; Environmental Policy ; Environmental Politics ; Global Environmental Governance ; Institutions ; Networks ; Urbanization ; Urban Politics ; Urban Sustainability
    Size 1 electronic resource (268 pages)
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021051428
    ISBN 9781315772981 ; 1315772981
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article ; Online: Understanding change in benthic marine systems.

    Johnson, Craig R / Dudgeon, Steve

    Annals of botany

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 1, Page(s) 131–144

    Abstract: Background: The unprecedented influence of human activities on natural ecosystems in the 21st century has resulted in increasingly frequent large-scale changes in ecological communities. This has heightened interest in understanding such changes and ... ...

    Abstract Background: The unprecedented influence of human activities on natural ecosystems in the 21st century has resulted in increasingly frequent large-scale changes in ecological communities. This has heightened interest in understanding such changes and effective means to manage them. Accurate interpretation of state changes is challenging because of difficulties translating theory to empirical study, and most theory emphasizes systems near equilibrium, which may not be relevant in rapidly changing environments.
    Scope: We review concepts of long-transient stages and phase shifts between stable community states, both smooth, continuous and discontinuous shifts, and the relationships among them. Three principal challenges emerge when applying these concepts. The first is how to interpret observed change in communities - distinguishing multiple stable states from long transients, or reversible shifts in the phase portrait of single attractor systems. The second is how to quantify the magnitudes of three sources of variability that cause switches between community states: (1) 'noise' in species' abundances, (2) 'wiggle' in system parameters and (3) trends in parameters that affect the topography of the basin of attraction. The third challenge is how variability of the system shapes evidence used to interpret community changes. We outline a novel approach using critical length scales to potentially address these challenges. These concepts are highlighted by a review of recent examples involving macroalgae as key players in marine benthic ecosystems.
    Conclusions: Real-world examples show three or more stable configurations of ecological communities may exist for a given set of parameters, and transient stages may persist for long periods necessitating their respective consideration. The characteristic length scale (CLS) is a useful metric that uniquely identifies a community 'basin of attraction', enabling phase shifts to be distinguished from long transients. Variabilities of CLSs and time series data may likewise provide proactive management measures to mitigate phase shifts and loss of ecosystem services. Continued challenges remain in distinguishing continuous from discontinuous phase shifts because their respective dynamics lack unique signatures.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ecosystem ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1461328-1
    ISSN 1095-8290 ; 0305-7364
    ISSN (online) 1095-8290
    ISSN 0305-7364
    DOI 10.1093/aob/mcad187
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book: The paralyzed face

    Johnson, Craig H.

    (Clinics in plastic surgery ; 29,4)

    2002  

    Author's details Craig H. Johnson ..., guest ed
    Series title Clinics in plastic surgery ; 29,4
    Collection
    Language English
    Size IX S., S. 449 - 577 : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Saunders
    Publishing place Philadelphia u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT013540378
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    Se 256 -29,4- verfügbar in Königswinter Königswinter

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  5. Book ; Online: COVID-19 and the Welsh economy

    Johnson, Craig

    an extraordinary challenge, but also an opportunity

    2020  

    Abstract: Craig Johnson summarises some of the economic challenges facing Wales in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. He writes that alongside these difficulties, there are also opportunities to make positive changes in order to bolster economic recovery and ... ...

    Abstract Craig Johnson summarises some of the economic challenges facing Wales in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. He writes that alongside these difficulties, there are also opportunities to make positive changes in order to bolster economic recovery and resilience.
    Keywords JN101 Great Britain ; RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine ; HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-22
    Publisher London School of Economics and Political Science
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Article ; Online: Of mice (dogs, horses, sheep) and men: A novel comparative anatomy dissection course in a United Kingdom university.

    Johnson, Craig I / Hyde, Lucy E / Cornwall, Thomas / Spear, Michelle

    Anatomical sciences education

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 506–513

    Abstract: At the University of Bristol, we established a novel dissection course to complement our anatomy degree. Students enrolled in this undergraduate course are trained as comparative anatomists, with equal time given to both human and veterinary anatomy. ... ...

    Abstract At the University of Bristol, we established a novel dissection course to complement our anatomy degree. Students enrolled in this undergraduate course are trained as comparative anatomists, with equal time given to both human and veterinary anatomy. Historically, students opted to dissect either human or veterinary donors as part of the course. To fully reflect the comparative nature of the degree, the dissection course was redesigned so students could dissect both human and veterinary specimens as part of the same course. This facilitated a wide-ranging experience of anatomy, encouraging detailed knowledge of a multitude of species and allowing for multifaceted anatomy graduates to be ready for employment in a wide and competitive job market. Across three iterations of the amended version of the course, median marks ranged from 58.7% to 62.0%, with between 22 and 39 students enrolled. In comparison to the course prior to the introduction of the change, median marks ranged from 59.8% to 62.8%, with between 16 and 24 students enrolled. There was no significant difference between marks before or after the introduction of the concurrently comparative aspect. This paper describes the course, with learning materials and assessments considered, along with some reflection on its value. The course offers benefits to students by widening their perspective on anatomical knowledge and making them more equipped for the job market. It also broadens their understanding of form-function relationships. However, student feedback implied that having the choice between human or veterinary dissection was preferable, and this may outweigh the perceived benefits of the course.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Dogs ; Animals ; Horses ; Mice ; Sheep ; Anatomy/education ; Anatomy, Comparative/education ; Universities ; Curriculum ; Dissection/education ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Students, Medical ; Cadaver
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2483491-9
    ISSN 1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
    ISSN (online) 1935-9780
    ISSN 1935-9772
    DOI 10.1002/ase.2392
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6787: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article ; Online: Deep Vein Thrombosis as the Presenting Sign in an Adolescent With New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.

    Cooper, Felicia / Carakushansky, Mauri / Johnson, Craig M / Gurnurkar, Shilpa

    JCEM case reports

    2024  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) luae038

    Abstract: Prothrombin G20210A mutation occurs in only 2% to 3% of the population, but usually does not become apparent unless the individual exhibits another risk factor for clotting. A risk factor such as hyperglycemia in the setting of diabetes mellitus may ... ...

    Abstract Prothrombin G20210A mutation occurs in only 2% to 3% of the population, but usually does not become apparent unless the individual exhibits another risk factor for clotting. A risk factor such as hyperglycemia in the setting of diabetes mellitus may accelerate this clotting process, even at a very young age. In this case report, we discuss a 15-year-old boy presenting with left calf swelling and pain, found to have extensive deep vein thrombosis in the setting of hyperglycemia and a newly discovered prothrombin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2755-1520
    ISSN (online) 2755-1520
    DOI 10.1210/jcemcr/luae038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: The efficacy of electrical stunning of New Zealand rock lobster (

    Kells, Nikki J / Perrott, Matthew / Johnson, Craig B

    Animal welfare (South Mimms, England)

    2023  Volume 32, Page(s) e57

    Abstract: Large numbers of decapod crustacea are farmed and harvested globally for human consumption. Growing evidence for the capacity of these animals to feel pain, and therefore to suffer, has led to increased concern for their welfare, including at slaughter. ... ...

    Abstract Large numbers of decapod crustacea are farmed and harvested globally for human consumption. Growing evidence for the capacity of these animals to feel pain, and therefore to suffer, has led to increased concern for their welfare, including at slaughter. In New Zealand, decapod crustacea are protected by animal welfare legislation. There is a requirement that all farmed or commercially caught animals of these species killed for commercial purposes are first rendered insensible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Crustastun™, a commercially available bench-top electrical stunner, in two commercially important New Zealand crustacean species; the rock lobster (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0962-7286
    ISSN 0962-7286
    DOI 10.1017/awf.2023.76
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Research Tools for the Measurement of Pain and Nociception.

    Johnson, Craig

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2016  Volume 6, Issue 11

    Abstract: There are many ways in which pain in animals can be measured and these are based on a variety of phenomena that are related to either the perception of pain or alterations in physical or behavioural features of the animal that are caused by that pain. ... ...

    Abstract There are many ways in which pain in animals can be measured and these are based on a variety of phenomena that are related to either the perception of pain or alterations in physical or behavioural features of the animal that are caused by that pain. The features of pain that are most useful for assessment in clinical environments are not always the best to use in a research environment. This is because the aims and objectives of the two settings are different and so whilst particular techniques will have the same advantages and disadvantages in clinical and research environments, these considerations may become more or less of a drawback when moving from one environment to the other. For example, a simple descriptive pain scale has a number of advantages and disadvantages. In a clinical setting the advantages are very useful and the disadvantages are less relevant, but in a research environment the advantages are less important and the disadvantages can become more problematic. This paper will focus on pain in the research environment and after a brief revision of the pathophysiological systems involved will attempt to outline the major advantages and disadvantages of the more commonly used measurement techniques that have been used for studies in the area of pain perception and analgesia. This paper is expanded from a conference proceedings paper presented at the International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Conference in San Diego, USA.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani6110071
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book: Seaweed invasions

    Johnson, Craig

    (Marine and freshwater botany)

    2016  

    Author's details Craig Johnson, ed
    Series title Marine and freshwater botany
    Language English
    Size X, 180 S, 30 schw.-w. u. 1 farb. Abb., 30 schw.-w. Ill., 1 farb. Ill, 24 cm
    Edition 2. ed
    Publisher De Gruyter
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Book
    ISBN 3110240653 ; 9783110240658
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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