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  1. Article ; Online: On the causal relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity and dysglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.

    Johnson, James D

    Diabetologia

    2021  Volume 64, Issue 10, Page(s) 2138–2146

    Abstract: Hundreds of millions of people are affected by hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity and the dysglycaemia that mark a common progression from metabolic health to type 2 diabetes. Although the relative contribution of these features and the order ...

    Abstract Hundreds of millions of people are affected by hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity and the dysglycaemia that mark a common progression from metabolic health to type 2 diabetes. Although the relative contribution of these features and the order in which they appear may differ between individuals, the common clustering and seemingly progressive nature of type 2 diabetes aetiology has guided research and clinical practice in this area for decades. At the same time, lively debate around the causal relationships between these features has continued, as new data from human trials and highly controlled animal studies are presented. This 'For debate' article was prompted by the review in Diabetologia by Esser, Utzschneider and Kahn ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05245-x ), with the purpose of reviewing established and emerging data that provide insight into the relative contributions of hyperinsulinaemia and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in progressive stages between health, obesity and diabetes. It is concluded that these beta cell defects are not mutually exclusive and that they are both important, but at different stages.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity/complications
    Chemical Substances Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1694-9
    ISSN 1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0428
    ISSN 0012-186X
    DOI 10.1007/s00125-021-05505-4
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  2. Article ; Online: Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk.

    Hall, Liam G / Thyfault, John P / Johnson, James D

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2023  Volume 134, Issue 4, Page(s) 823–839

    Abstract: Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has ... ...

    Abstract Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Exercise/physiology
    Chemical Substances Insulin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022
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  3. Article ; Online: Promises and pitfalls of beta cell-replacement therapies.

    Kolic, Jelena / Johnson, James D

    Nature metabolism

    2021  Volume 3, Issue 8, Page(s) 1036–1037

    MeSH term(s) Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/adverse effects ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/transplantation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-12
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter
    ISSN 2522-5812
    ISSN (online) 2522-5812
    DOI 10.1038/s42255-021-00433-4
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  4. Article ; Online: Henry John Van Hassel, DDS, MSD, PhD, 1933-2020: A Pioneer Research Icon.

    Torabinejad, Mahmoud / Johnson, James D

    Journal of endodontics

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 684–689

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 752412-2
    ISSN 1878-3554 ; 0099-2399
    ISSN (online) 1878-3554
    ISSN 0099-2399
    DOI 10.1016/j.joen.2021.02.007
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  5. Article ; Online: Amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion: a path forward in type 2 diabetes.

    Kolic, Jelena / Sun, WenQing Grace / Johnson, James D / Guess, Nicola

    Amino acids

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 12, Page(s) 1857–1866

    Abstract: Qualitative and quantitatively appropriate insulin secretion is essential for optimal control of blood glucose. Beta-cells of the pancreas produce and secrete insulin in response to glucose and non-glucose stimuli including amino acids. In this ... ...

    Abstract Qualitative and quantitatively appropriate insulin secretion is essential for optimal control of blood glucose. Beta-cells of the pancreas produce and secrete insulin in response to glucose and non-glucose stimuli including amino acids. In this manuscript, we review the literature on amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion in oral and intravenous in vivo studies, in addition to the in vitro literature, and describe areas of consensus and gaps in understanding. We find promising evidence that the synergism of amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion could be exploited to develop novel therapeutics, but that a systematic approach to investigating these lines of evidence is lacking. We highlight evidence that supports the relative preservation of amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion compared to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes, and make the case for the therapeutic potential of amino acids. Finally, we make recommendations for research and describe the potential clinical utility of nutrient-based treatments for type 2 diabetes including remission services.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Insulin Secretion ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Insulin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-15
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1121341-3
    ISSN 1438-2199 ; 0939-4451
    ISSN (online) 1438-2199
    ISSN 0939-4451
    DOI 10.1007/s00726-023-03352-8
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  6. Article ; Online: Entomology contributing to the study of undiagnosed non-malarial undifferentiated febrile illnesses in South Sudan.

    Johnson, James D / Bailey, M S

    BMJ military health

    2020  Volume 167, Issue 5, Page(s) 365–367

    MeSH term(s) Fever/diagnosis ; Humans ; South Sudan
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 3011686-7
    ISSN 2633-3775 ; 2633-3767
    ISSN (online) 2633-3775
    ISSN 2633-3767
    DOI 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001442
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  7. Article ; Online: The quest to make fully functional human pancreatic beta cells from embryonic stem cells: climbing a mountain in the clouds.

    Johnson, James D

    Diabetologia

    2016  Volume 59, Issue 10, Page(s) 2047–2057

    Abstract: The production of fully functional insulin-secreting cells to treat diabetes is a major goal of regenerative medicine. In this article, I review progress towards this goal over the last 15 years from the perspective of a beta cell biologist. I describe ... ...

    Abstract The production of fully functional insulin-secreting cells to treat diabetes is a major goal of regenerative medicine. In this article, I review progress towards this goal over the last 15 years from the perspective of a beta cell biologist. I describe the current state-of-the-art, and speculate on the general approaches that will be required to identify and achieve our ultimate goal of producing functional beta cells. The need for deeper phenotyping of heterogeneous cultures of stem cell derived islet-like cells in parallel with a better understanding of the heterogeneity of the target cell type(s) is emphasised. This deep phenotyping should include high-throughput single-cell analysis, as well as comprehensive 'omics technologies to provide unbiased characterisation of cell products and human beta cells. There are justified calls for more detailed and well-powered studies of primary human pancreatic beta cell physiology, and I propose online databases of standardised human beta cell responses to physiological stimuli, including both functional and metabolomic/proteomic/transcriptomic profiles. With a concerted, community-wide effort, including both basic and applied scientists, beta cell replacement will become a clinical reality for patients with diabetes.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Proteomics/methods
    Chemical Substances Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1694-9
    ISSN 1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0428
    ISSN 0012-186X
    DOI 10.1007/s00125-016-4059-4
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  8. Article ; Online: Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine Treated SCAP.

    Limansubroto, Nerisa / Chung, Whasun Oh / Johnson, James D / Paranjpe, Avina

    Journal of endodontics

    2022  Volume 48, Issue 8, Page(s) 1055–1062

    Abstract: Introduction: Stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) play an important role in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Previous studies have shown that during REPs, bacteria can activate the innate immune system and cause indirect stem cell toxicity, ...

    Abstract Introduction: Stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) play an important role in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Previous studies have shown that during REPs, bacteria can activate the innate immune system and cause indirect stem cell toxicity, leading to the lysis of SCAP. N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-treated cells are resistant to apoptosis and have increased differentiation capabilities. The immunomodulatory properties of NAC-treated SCAP are still unknown. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the interactions of SCAP pretreated with and without NAC with the immune system.
    Methods: Flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess the effects of NAC on SCAP viability. Human SCAP were then cultured and were either pretreated with NAC or non-treated and co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A lactate dehydrogenase assay was performed to evaluate the levels of immune cell mediated apoptosis, followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure levels of proinflammatory cytokines for these co-cultures. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test.
    Results: Cells treated with NAC had similar levels of viability as the controls. SCAP pretreated with NAC had significantly lower immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity to nonactivated and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The ELISA results showed that SCAP pretreated with NAC induced lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
    Conclusions: SCAP pretreated with NAC have a higher chance of surviving the activated immune system. This information may provide a better insight into the properties of these stem cells and may be the key to making REPs more predictable.
    MeSH term(s) Acetylcysteine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; Dental Papilla ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Stem Cells
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752412-2
    ISSN 1878-3554 ; 0099-2399
    ISSN (online) 1878-3554
    ISSN 0099-2399
    DOI 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.005
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  9. Article ; Online: Web-based multi-omics integration using the Analyst software suite.

    Ewald, Jessica D / Zhou, Guangyan / Lu, Yao / Kolic, Jelena / Ellis, Cara / Johnson, James D / Macdonald, Patrick E / Xia, Jianguo

    Nature protocols

    2024  

    Abstract: The growing number of multi-omics studies demands clear conceptual workflows coupled with easy-to-use software tools to facilitate data analysis and interpretation. This protocol covers three key components involved in multi-omics analysis, including ... ...

    Abstract The growing number of multi-omics studies demands clear conceptual workflows coupled with easy-to-use software tools to facilitate data analysis and interpretation. This protocol covers three key components involved in multi-omics analysis, including single-omics data analysis, knowledge-driven integration using biological networks and data-driven integration through joint dimensionality reduction. Using the dataset from a recent multi-omics study of human pancreatic islet tissue and plasma samples, the first section introduces how to perform transcriptomics/proteomics data analysis using ExpressAnalyst and lipidomics data analysis using MetaboAnalyst. On the basis of significant features detected in these workflows, the second section demonstrates how to perform knowledge-driven integration using OmicsNet. The last section illustrates how to perform data-driven integration from the normalized omics data and metadata using OmicsAnalyst. The complete protocol can be executed in ~2 h. Compared with other available options for multi-omics integration, the Analyst software suite described in this protocol enables researchers to perform a wide range of omics data analysis tasks via a user-friendly web interface.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2244966-8
    ISSN 1750-2799 ; 1754-2189
    ISSN (online) 1750-2799
    ISSN 1754-2189
    DOI 10.1038/s41596-023-00950-4
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  10. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Inter-domain tagging implicates caveolin-1 in insulin receptor trafficking and Erk signaling bias in pancreatic beta-cells" [Mol Metab 2016 May; 5 (5): 366-378].

    Boothe, Tobias / Lim, Gareth E / Cen, Haoning / Skovsø, Søs / Piske, Micah / Li, Shu Nan / Nabi, Ivan R / Gilon, Patrick / Johnson, James D

    Molecular metabolism

    2024  Volume 83, Page(s) 101935

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2708735-9
    ISSN 2212-8778 ; 2212-8778
    ISSN (online) 2212-8778
    ISSN 2212-8778
    DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101935
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