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  1. Article: Observations on the common brown butterfly (Heteronympha merope) in the early 1900s in Australia using digitized specimens

    Johnson, Joel B.

    Korean Society of Applied Entomology Journal of Asia-Pacific entomology. 2022 June, v. 25, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: The Common Brown butterfly, Heteronympha merope (Fabricius 1775), is a ubiquitous species from the family Nymphalidae, distributed across south-eastern Australia. Using online photographs of 33 digitized museum specimens provided by the Atlas of Living ... ...

    Abstract The Common Brown butterfly, Heteronympha merope (Fabricius 1775), is a ubiquitous species from the family Nymphalidae, distributed across south-eastern Australia. Using online photographs of 33 digitized museum specimens provided by the Atlas of Living Australia, forewing length was found to be highly correlated with the total wing surface area (r = 0.962), indicating that this metric can be used as an accurate estimate of body size. No significant relationship was found between body size and environmental temperatures, latitude, or the year of collection (1902–1948). The size of females was higher between October and December compared to the rest of the year, while the size of males did not change. Collection of contemporary data on the body size of H. merope would allow the assessment of whether the body size of this species has changed over the past 70 years.
    Keywords Nymphalidae ; body size ; butterflies ; entomology ; latitude ; museums ; surface area ; wings ; Australia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1226-8615
    DOI 10.1016/j.aspen.2022.101898
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: The Use of Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Food: A Review.

    Johnson, Joel B / Walsh, Kerry B / Naiker, Mani / Ameer, Kashif

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 7

    Abstract: Infrared spectroscopy (wavelengths ranging from 750-25,000 nm) offers a rapid means of assessing the chemical composition of a wide range of sample types, both for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Its use in the food industry has increased ... ...

    Abstract Infrared spectroscopy (wavelengths ranging from 750-25,000 nm) offers a rapid means of assessing the chemical composition of a wide range of sample types, both for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Its use in the food industry has increased significantly over the past five decades and it is now an accepted analytical technique for the routine analysis of certain analytes. Furthermore, it is commonly used for routine screening and quality control purposes in numerous industry settings, albeit not typically for the analysis of bioactive compounds. Using the Scopus database, a systematic search of literature of the five years between 2016 and 2020 identified 45 studies using near-infrared and 17 studies using mid-infrared spectroscopy for the quantification of bioactive compounds in food products. The most common bioactive compounds assessed were polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids and ascorbic acid. Numerous factors affect the accuracy of the developed model, including the analyte class and concentration, matrix type, instrument geometry, wavelength selection and spectral processing/pre-processing methods. Additionally, only a few studies were validated on independently sourced samples. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate some promise of infrared spectroscopy for the rapid estimation of a wide range of bioactive compounds in food matrices.
    MeSH term(s) Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Anthocyanins ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Food ; Polyphenols
    Chemical Substances Anthocyanins ; Polyphenols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules28073215
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Biotechnological Modification of Cider Brewing Processes for the Enhanced Production of 2-Phenylethanol

    Wilson, Arron / Johnson, Joel B. / Naiker, Mani

    Beverages. 2022 Oct. 11, v. 8, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: Consumers of Australian cider are currently trending towards higher-quality cider products. As a result, boutique and craft cider breweries are expected to experience a period of growth over the next five years. Supporting this trend and subsequent ... ...

    Abstract Consumers of Australian cider are currently trending towards higher-quality cider products. As a result, boutique and craft cider breweries are expected to experience a period of growth over the next five years. Supporting this trend and subsequent growth is paramount to rebuilding the cider industry post-COVID-19. Many current practices and procedures, such as must clarification and biomass reduction in cider brewing, have been adapted from the beer and wine industry. While these practices are beneficial to the quality of cider and often promote the production of favourable volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the targeted enhancement of specific VOCs has not been achieved. This work investigates the specific enhancement of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE), which is known to improve the organoleptic properties of cider and provide potential health benefits through its antioxidant properties. The effect of three levels of biomass reduction (90%, 80%, and 0%) and five levels of L-phenylalanine (L-phe) saturation (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g L⁻¹) for the enhanced production of 2-PE during cider fermentation were investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to accurately quantify the concentration of both 2-PE and L-phe, with a root-mean-square deviation (RSMD) of 0.41% and 1.60%, respectively. A significant increase in 2-PE production was achieved for all treatments, with 2-PE levels up to two orders of magnitude higher than respective controls. The highest 2-PE production was achieved by a moderate (80%) biomass reduction at a 2.5 g L⁻¹ L-phe spike. Additionally, the VOC profile of several of the ciders was quantitively determined, and subsequent data underwent extensive chemometric analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that 2-PE and its derivatives (2-phenylethyl pivalate and phenylacetaldehyde) were correlated with the 80% biomass reduction treatment at the highest L-phe spike. Additionally, it was observed that several acids and alkanes were negatively correlated with the production of 2-PE and its derivatives. Additionally, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed clustering between the 80% and 90% biomass reduction treatments at several L-phe spike concentrations. However, the 0% biomass reduction treatments only showed similarity with other treatments with 0% biomass reduction. This work provides insight into the production of 2-PE during apple cider fermentation while building the foundation for more targeted biotechnological production of favourable compounds to improve cider quality.
    Keywords antioxidants ; beers ; biomass ; chemometrics ; ciders ; cluster analysis ; fermentation ; high performance liquid chromatography ; phenylacetaldehyde ; phenylalanine ; phenylethyl alcohol ; principal component analysis ; volatile organic compounds ; wine industry
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1011
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2785444-9
    ISSN 2306-5710
    ISSN 2306-5710
    DOI 10.3390/beverages8040064
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Development and Validation of a 96-Well Microplate Assay for the Measurement of Total Phenolic Content in Ginger Extracts

    Johnson, Joel B. / Mani, Janice S. / Naiker, Mani

    Food analytical methods. 2022 Feb., v. 15, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: A microplate-based assay was developed for the measurement of total phenolic content in polar ginger extracts, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The method optimisation process included investigating the effects of wavelength, incubation time and ... ...

    Abstract A microplate-based assay was developed for the measurement of total phenolic content in polar ginger extracts, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The method optimisation process included investigating the effects of wavelength, incubation time and incubation temperature. The method was relatively robust, with most of these parameters having minimal impact on the results obtained. The optimised method could be conducted at room temperature and required only 20 min of combined incubation time. The repeatability of the microplate reader was 0.57%, with the gallic acid standards curve showing good linearity (R² > 0.999). The mean intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the entire assay, which included operator error, was 4.4% and 7.8%, respectively. The optimised method was applied to analyse the total phenolic content of 200 ginger extracts in triplicate within approximately 8 h of labour time, finding a mean total phenolic content of 1713 ± 235 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹ in the dried ginger powder samples. The total phenolic contents of the ginger samples showed a moderate positive correlation (R² = 0.46) with the sum of gingerol and 6-shogaol contents, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method could be useful to aid in screening large numbers of samples for total phenolic content in order to identify high-phenolic genotypes or for use in quality assurance settings.
    Keywords ambient temperature ; gallic acid ; ginger ; high performance liquid chromatography ; labor ; quality control ; wavelengths
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-02
    Size p. 413-420.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2429656-9
    ISSN 1936-976X ; 1936-9751
    ISSN (online) 1936-976X
    ISSN 1936-9751
    DOI 10.1007/s12161-021-02127-9
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Infrared spectroscopy for the quality assessment of Habanero chilli: a proof-of-concept study

    Johnson, Joel B. / Mani, Janice S. / Walsh, Kerry B. / Naiker, Mani

    Food Measure. 2023 Apr., v. 17, no. 2 p.1764-1774

    2023  

    Abstract: Habanero chillies (Capsicum chinense cv Habanero) are a popular species of hot chilli in Australia, with production steadily increasing. However, there is limited research on this crop due to its relatively low levels of production at present. Rapid ... ...

    Abstract Habanero chillies (Capsicum chinense cv Habanero) are a popular species of hot chilli in Australia, with production steadily increasing. However, there is limited research on this crop due to its relatively low levels of production at present. Rapid methods of assessing fruit quality could be greatly beneficial both for quality assurance purposes and for use in breeding programs or experimental growing trials. This work investigated the potential of using infrared spectroscopy for the quality assessment of 20 Australian Habanero chilli samples, including the prediction of dry matter content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant potential and capsaicin/dihydrocapsaicin content. Near-infrared spectra (908–1676 nm) taken from the fresh fruit showed strong potential for the estimation of dry matter content, with a root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 0.50% FW. A moving-window partial least squares regression model was applied to optimise the spectral window used for dry matter content prediction, with the best-performing window being between 1224 and 1422 nm. However, the near-infrared spectra of fresh fruit could not be used to estimate the total phenolic content or capsaicin/dihydrocapsaicin content of the samples. Mid-infrared spectra (4000 − 400 cm⁻ ¹) collected from the dried, powdered material showed slightly more promise for the prediction of total phenolics and the ratio of capsaicin:dihydrocapsaicin, with a R²cᵥ of 0.45 and RMSECV of 0.32 for the latter parameter. Although further refinement is required, this method may be able to detect samples with high/low contents of total phenolics or for the estimation of the capsaicin:dihydrocapsaicin ratio.
    Keywords Capsicum chinense ; antioxidant activity ; capsaicin ; dry matter content ; fruit quality ; infrared spectroscopy ; phenolic compounds ; prediction ; quality control ; raw fruit ; regression analysis ; Australia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-04
    Size p. 1764-1774.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2754612-3
    ISSN 2193-4134 ; 2193-4126
    ISSN (online) 2193-4134
    ISSN 2193-4126
    DOI 10.1007/s11694-022-01743-1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Phenolic profiles, phytochemical composition and vitamin C content of selected horticultural produce from Central Queensland

    Johnson, Joel B. / Mani, Janice S. / Hoyos, Beatriz E. / Naiker, Mani

    Food Measure. 2023 Feb., v. 17, no. 1 p.1096-1107

    2023  

    Abstract: The Central Queensland region of Australia is a large producer of horticultural produce; however, there are limited studies on the phytochemical composition of the produce from this region. Additionally, some crops or cultivars are poorly known in ... ...

    Abstract The Central Queensland region of Australia is a large producer of horticultural produce; however, there are limited studies on the phytochemical composition of the produce from this region. Additionally, some crops or cultivars are poorly known in domestic markets; hence are currently only grown for niche markets. There is opportunity to expand production of these crops if they contain higher levels of health-benefiting compounds compared to existing cultivars. Hence this work aimed to elucidate the phytochemical composition of such under-marketed and/or under-utilised crops, including their phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles. The samples included nine cucurbits, two citrus fruits, dragonfruit and Brazilian cherry. The vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, while the phenolic profiles were gathered using targeted liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Antioxidant activity was quantified using the FRAP and CUPRAC assays, while total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The results revealed extensive variation in the levels of health-benefiting compounds between the samples. The phenolic profiles of several species/cultivars are reported for the first time. The highest ascorbic acid content was found in blood orange skin (817 mg/100 g DW), while the highest total phenolic content was found in blood orange skin (1988 mg GAE/100 g). Samples showing high antioxidant capacity included blood orange skin, Brazilian cherry and spaghetti squash. These results may support the prospect of marketing several of the crops/cultivars as functional food crops in domestic or export markets.
    Keywords Citrus ; Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo ; Eugenia uniflora ; antioxidant activity ; ascorbic acid ; chemical constituents of plants ; cultivars ; diodes ; exports ; flavonoids ; functional foods ; high performance liquid chromatography ; horticulture ; liquids ; oranges ; phenolic acids ; tandem mass spectrometry ; Queensland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 1096-1107.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2754612-3
    ISSN 2193-4134 ; 2193-4126
    ISSN (online) 2193-4134
    ISSN 2193-4126
    DOI 10.1007/s11694-022-01687-6
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Phytochemistry and Therapeutical Potential of New Nigella Sativa Genotypes from Australia

    Mani, Janice S / Johnson, Joel B / Bhattarai, Surya / Trotter, Tieneke / Naiker, Mani

    Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 2023 July 03, v. 29, no. 3 p.229-249

    2023  

    Abstract: The phytochemistry and anticancer properties of nine Nigella sativa genotypes grown in central Queensland, Australia, were determined and compared. The genotype AVTKS6 recorded the highest seed yield (2195 kg ha⁻¹) and was associated with the highest ... ...

    Abstract The phytochemistry and anticancer properties of nine Nigella sativa genotypes grown in central Queensland, Australia, were determined and compared. The genotype AVTKS6 recorded the highest seed yield (2195 kg ha⁻¹) and was associated with the highest plant density (112 plants m⁻²), whereas AVTKS8 had the highest harvest index (0.42). The seed yield was positively corrected with the plant density at harvest and capsules/plant at harvest, but not with the harvest index. All nine genotypes of N. sativa tested showed antioxidant potential (532–805 mg TXE 100 g⁻¹) and total phenolic content (TPC) and ranged from 794 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹ – 1126 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹. The thymoquinone (TQ) content of nigella seeds varied between the genotypes, ranging from 0.896 (AVTKS4) – 1.728% w/w (AVTKS8). Seed yield was not correlated with TQ and TPC concentration, however, a negative correction between the seed yield and TAC was evident. Water extracts of the genotypes showed higher cytotoxic activity against the cell lines tested more prominently against HeLa cells (44–57% cell viability) compared to the MeOH extracts. Cytotoxic activity of MeOH extracts against HeLa cells were not different from the negative control and no activity was evident against the HT29 and PH5CH8 cell lines. However, PH5CH8 cells exposed to water extracts of AVTKS1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 showed only about 39–50% cell viability after 48 h of treatment, indicating that while the water extracts had beneficial cytotoxic activity against HeLa and HT29 cancer cell lines, it may also have toxic effects against healthy human cells. Principal component analysis of chemical and bioassays of the genotypes suggested that the AVTKS5 genotype was closely linked with desirable traits, highlighting it as an ideal cultivar.
    Keywords Nigella sativa ; antioxidant activity ; cell viability ; cultivars ; cytotoxicity ; genotype ; harvest index ; humans ; neoplasm cells ; plant biochemistry ; plant density ; principal component analysis ; seed yield ; thymoquinone ; Queensland ; Kalonji ; phytochemistry ; antioxidant ; bioactivity ; total phenolics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0703
    Size p. 229-249.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1122804-0
    ISSN 1540-3580 ; 1049-6475
    ISSN (online) 1540-3580
    ISSN 1049-6475
    DOI 10.1080/10496475.2022.2140738
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: The Effect of Water Stress on Bioactive Compounds in Australian-Grown Black Sesame.

    Hoyos, Beatriz E / Johnson, Joel B / Mani, Janice S / Batley, Ryan J / Trotter, Tieneke / Bhattarai, Surya P / Naiker, Mani

    Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 6

    Abstract: Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ... ...

    Abstract Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68-2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7-65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704341-1
    ISSN 2223-7747
    ISSN 2223-7747
    DOI 10.3390/plants13060793
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: From Foxtail Millet Husk (Waste) to Bioactive Phenolic Extracts Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Acetylcholinesterase, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

    Wang, Chunqing / Li, Zhenzhen / Xiang, Jinle / Johnson, Joel B. / Zheng, Bailiang / Luo, Lei / Beta, Trust

    Foods. 2023 Mar. 08, v. 12, no. 6

    2023  

    Abstract: Foxtail millet husk (FMH) is generally removed and discarded during the first step of millet processing. This study aimed to optimize a method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) combined with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract phenols from ... ...

    Abstract Foxtail millet husk (FMH) is generally removed and discarded during the first step of millet processing. This study aimed to optimize a method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) combined with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract phenols from FMH and to identify the phenolic compositions and evaluate the biological activities. The optimized DES comprised L-lactic acid and glycol with a 1:2 molar ratio by taking the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) as targets. The extraction parameters were optimized to maximize TFC and TPC, using the following settings: liquid-to-solid ratio of 25 mL/g, DES with water content of 15%, extraction time of 41 min and temperature of 51 °C, and ultrasonic power at 304 W. The optimized UAE-DES, which produced significantly higher TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities compared to conventional solvent extraction. Through UPLC–MS, 12 phenolic compounds were identified, with 1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol, apigenin-C-pentosyl-C-hexoside, and 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol being the main phenolic components. 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol and 3,7-dimethylquercetin were identified first in foxtail millet. Our results indicated that FMH could be exploited by UAE-DES extraction as a useful source of naturally derived antioxidants, along with acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
    Keywords Setaria italica ; acetylcholinesterase ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; flavonoids ; hulls ; lactic acid ; millets ; solvents ; temperature ; ultrasonics ; water content
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0308
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2704223-6
    ISSN 2304-8158
    ISSN 2304-8158
    DOI 10.3390/foods12061144
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Prediction of Ethanol Content and Total Extract Using Densimetry and Refractometry

    Plugatar, Yurij / Johnson, Joel B. / Timofeev, Ruslan / Korzin, Vadim / Kazak, Anatoliy / Nekhaychuk, Dmitry / Borisova, Elvira / Rotanov, Gennady

    Beverages. 2023 Apr. 07, v. 9, no. 2

    2023  

    Abstract: This study investigated the interrelationships between the parameters of density, optical refraction, the volume fraction of ethanol and the total extract, using model solutions and samples of wine materials. The regularities of changes in refractometer ... ...

    Abstract This study investigated the interrelationships between the parameters of density, optical refraction, the volume fraction of ethanol and the total extract, using model solutions and samples of wine materials. The regularities of changes in refractometer readings in the process of alcoholic fermentation have been studied. The functional dependence of the value of the volume fraction of ethanol in the finished wine products on the density and scale of refractometer values has been established. A technique is proposed for controlling the process of alcoholic fermentation of grape must, based on the use of refractometry. Finally, we present an algorithm to calculate the composition (volume fraction of ethanol, mass concentration of the total extract) of the fermentation product from its physical properties (density, refractive index), the coefficient of determination was R² = 0.975.
    Keywords alcoholic fermentation ; algorithms ; ethanol ; fermented foods ; grape must ; prediction ; refractive index ; wines
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0407
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2785444-9
    ISSN 2306-5710
    ISSN 2306-5710
    DOI 10.3390/beverages9020031
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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