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  1. Article ; Online: Centris pallida (Hymenoptera: Apidae) male body size decreases across five decades

    Barrett, Meghan / Johnson, Meredith G.

    Ecological Entomology. 2023 Apr., v. 48, no. 2 p.154-163

    2023  

    Abstract: Historical data suggest that many bee species have declined in body size. Larger‐bodied bees with narrow phenological and dietary breadth are most prone to declines in body size over time. This may be especially true in solitary, desert‐adapted species ... ...

    Abstract Historical data suggest that many bee species have declined in body size. Larger‐bodied bees with narrow phenological and dietary breadth are most prone to declines in body size over time. This may be especially true in solitary, desert‐adapted species that are vulnerable to climate change such as Centris pallida (Hymenoptera: Apidae). In addition, body size changes in species with size‐linked behaviours could threaten the prevalence of certain behavioural phenotypes long‐term. C. pallida solitary bees are found in the Sonoran Desert. Males use alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) and are dimorphic in both morphology and behaviour. C. pallida male body size has been studied since the 1970s in the same population. The authors collected body size data in 2022 and combined it with published records from 1974–2022. The authors find a persistent decline in the mean head width of patrolling males, and shifts towards smaller body sizes in the populations of males found foraging and hovering. Both morphs declined in average body size, and the proportion of large‐morph males in the population decreased by 8%. Mating males did not decline in mean body size over the last five decades. The authors discuss hypotheses related to the decline in C. pallida male head width. Finally, the authors advocate for C. pallida as an excellent study system for understanding the stability of ARTs with size‐linked behavioural phenotypes.
    Keywords Apidae ; Centris ; bees ; body size ; climate change ; decline ; entomology ; head ; males ; phenology ; Sonoran Desert
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-04
    Size p. 154-163.
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 196048-9
    ISSN 0307-6946
    ISSN 0307-6946
    DOI 10.1111/een.13210
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Water loss, not overheating, limits the activity period of an endothermic Sonoran Desert bee

    Johnson, Meredith G. / Alvarez, Kaitlyn / Harrison, Jon F.

    Functional Ecology. 2023 Nov., v. 37, no. 11 p.2855-2867

    2023  

    Abstract: Desert animals must manage the physiological stress caused by heat and desiccation; evaporative heat loss mitigates overheating but exacerbates water stress. Small endothermic flying insects may be particularly vulnerable to overheating and water stress ... ...

    Abstract Desert animals must manage the physiological stress caused by heat and desiccation; evaporative heat loss mitigates overheating but exacerbates water stress. Small endothermic flying insects may be particularly vulnerable to overheating and water stress as a result of high surface area to volume ratios, but we lack quantitative understanding of the relative magnitude of these abiotic stressors in flying desert invertebrates, despite their ecological importance. During the hottest and driest weeks of year, many thousands of males of the Sonoran Desert digger bee (Centris caesalpiniae) flew near‐continuously at elevated thorax temperatures for hours at mating aggregation sites, while fighting other males and digging for females. To determine whether incapacitating high temperatures or water loss limited the activity period of male C. caesalpiniae, we assessed wet and dry body mass and water content through the activity period, flight durations using mark–recapture methods, crop volume and sugar content, microclimate selection, water balance during flight, critical water content and maximum critical temperature. Body masses and sizes of males declined through the morning. Body water content scaled isometrically with total body wet mass. Crop volume and sugar content did not vary throughout the day or with bee size. Maximum critical temperature during flight was 51°C for large‐morph C. caesalpiniae males, similar to those measured for other bees, and well above body temperatures reached in the field, suggesting that avoidance of overheating does not limit activity in this desert bee. The critical water content of Centris bees averaged 50%, at the low end of those measured for other bees. Measures of net water loss rate indicated that males approached lethal water loss limits within 4 h, a duration in the range of measured daily flight activity, suggesting that desiccation tolerance limits activity. Remarkably, male C. caesalpiniae were not observed to forage at floral or water sources during the activity period, yet they returned over multiple days, suggesting that these males have a mechanism to rehydrate when not at the mating aggregation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Keywords Centris ; body water ; body weight ; digger bees ; drought tolerance ; ecology ; endothermy ; flight ; heat ; males ; mark-recapture studies ; microclimate ; sugar content ; surface area ; temperature ; thorax ; water content ; water stress ; Sonoran Desert
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-11
    Size p. 2855-2867.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020307-X
    ISSN 1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
    ISSN (online) 1365-2435
    ISSN 0269-8463
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.14438
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Rules of Engagement: Implementing Student-Centered Learning in Breast Imaging.

    Jordan, Sheryl G / Deans, Elizabeth C / Johnson, Meredith / Lee, Sheila S / Beck Dallaghan, Gary L

    Journal of breast imaging

    2024  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–71

    Abstract: In response to changing learner needs, our institution launched a new translational curriculum wherein basic sciences and clinical skills were integrated, longitudinal patient care experiences provided, and earlier opportunities in specialty fields ... ...

    Abstract In response to changing learner needs, our institution launched a new translational curriculum wherein basic sciences and clinical skills were integrated, longitudinal patient care experiences provided, and earlier opportunities in specialty fields introduced to better inform residency program decisions. Medical students taking the breast imaging elective were enrolled in a breast imaging immersive experience designed to meet the School of Medicine's core competencies. In focusing the elective on a narrow range of specialized topics and skills, we labeled this experience the Breast Imaging Boot Camp. Outcome data from March 6, 2017, to April 26, 2019, have been analyzed for this report. The modifications made to the elective include: e-mailing a detailed orientation document to students prior to the start of the rotation; assigning students to diagnostic, procedural, and screening roles; the attendance of students at introductory radiology symposia; students' weekly attendance at institutional multidisciplinary and divisional breast radiologic-pathologic correlation conferences; student self-study assignments using faculty-vetted resources; student participation in breast biopsy simulation and small parts ultrasound laboratories; the development of a student-centric radiology educational website; and student-directed publishing of digital case files. Medical student feedback and course analytics indicated superior course evaluation scores reinforced by narrative feedback. In website domain utilization data, the breast file domain is the most viewed subspecialty domain. The Breast Imaging Boot Camp is a successful curriculum. Its novelty lies in both its integrated approach to medical student core competencies and its clinician educators' use of today's student-favored teaching tools.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2631-6129
    ISSN (online) 2631-6129
    DOI 10.1093/jbi/wbz084
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A desert bee thermoregulates with an abdominal convector during flight.

    Johnson, Meredith G / Glass, Jordan R / Harrison, Jon F

    The Journal of experimental biology

    2022  Volume 225, Issue 19

    Abstract: Flying endothermic insects thermoregulate, likely to improve flight performance. Males of the Sonoran Desert bee, Centris caesalpiniae, seek females at aggregations beginning at sunrise and cease flight near midday when the air temperature peaks. To ... ...

    Abstract Flying endothermic insects thermoregulate, likely to improve flight performance. Males of the Sonoran Desert bee, Centris caesalpiniae, seek females at aggregations beginning at sunrise and cease flight near midday when the air temperature peaks. To identify the thermoregulatory mechanisms for C. caesalpiniae males, we measured tagma temperature, wingbeat frequency, water loss rate, metabolic rate and tagma mass of flying bees across shaded air temperatures of 19-38°C. Surface area, wet mass and dry mass declined with air temperature, suggesting that individual bees do not persist for the entire morning. The largest bees may be associated with cool, early mornings because they are best able to warm themselves and/or because they run the risk of overheating in the hot afternoons. Thorax temperature was high (38-45°C) and moderately well regulated, while head and abdomen temperatures were cooler and less controlled. The abdominal temperature excess ratio increased as air temperature rose, indicating active heat transfer from the pubescent thorax to the relatively bare abdomen with warming. Mass-specific metabolic rate increased with time, and air and thorax temperatures, but wingbeat frequency did not vary. Mass-specific water loss rate increased with air temperature, but this was a minor mechanism of thermoregulation. Using a heat budget model, we showed that whole-body convective conductance more than doubled through the morning, providing strong evidence that the primary mechanism of regulating thorax temperature during flight for these bees is increased use of the abdomen as a convector at higher air temperatures.
    MeSH term(s) Abdomen ; Animals ; Bees ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology ; Flight, Animal/physiology ; Male ; Water
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218085-6
    ISSN 1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
    ISSN (online) 1477-9145
    ISSN 0022-0949
    DOI 10.1242/jeb.244147
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Human exposures to Phytolacca americana in Kentucky.

    Woolum, Jordan A / Akpunonu, Peter / Johnson, Meredith / Webb, Ashley N

    Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology

    2022  Volume 220, Page(s) 106962

    Abstract: Phytolacca americana, known more commonly as "pokeweed", is a large perennial plant found ubiquitously throughout the United States. Despite known toxicities, characterization of pokeweed exposure demographics, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes is ... ...

    Abstract Phytolacca americana, known more commonly as "pokeweed", is a large perennial plant found ubiquitously throughout the United States. Despite known toxicities, characterization of pokeweed exposure demographics, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes is currently limited. The objective of this study is to describe human pokeweed exposures, treatments, and outcomes, in the state of Kentucky, between 2000 and 2019. The National Poison Database System was queried for all Phytolacca americana exposures in the state of Kentucky between 2000 and 2019. After the removal of non-human cases, investigators independently reviewed data to ensure all coding was appropriate per the standards set forth by NPDS. The primary objective of this study was to describe pokeweed exposure demographics within the state of Kentucky during the previously established timeframe. Secondary objectives included characterizing pokeweed treatment trends and evaluating their affiliated medical outcomes. 1669 cases of human pokeweed exposure were reported. Patients were predominantly young in age, with a median age of 3 years reported. The majority of patients were male (54.9%), with unintentional exposures representing most exposure reasons (97.2%). Oral ingestion of plant material represented the bulk of the exposure route (98.3%), with pokeberries most often implicated in these cases (93.9%). Exposures were generally well tolerated. 239 total adverse events were noted during the timeframe. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were most common. Dermal exposures resulted in cutaneous edema, pain, and swelling. Treatments were mainly supportive, with no deaths reported during the study timeframe. In conclusion, Phytolacca americana is commonly encountered in the United States. In this observational study, patients most heavily implicated in pokeweed exposures are young males. Oral ingestion was most commonly reported, with berries most often implicated. Exposures are generally well tolerated, with gastrointestinal symptoms most frequently reported. Cutaneous exposures represent an underappreciated exposure route. Treatments are largely supportive in nature.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; United States ; Female ; Phytolacca americana ; Kentucky/epidemiology ; Plants ; Vomiting ; Fruit ; Poison Control Centers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204479-1
    ISSN 1879-3150 ; 0041-0101
    ISSN (online) 1879-3150
    ISSN 0041-0101
    DOI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106962
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Sex differences in type 2 diabetes: an opportunity for personalized medicine.

    Johnson, Meredith L / Preston, Joshua D / Rashid, Cetewayo S / Pearson, Kevin J / Ham, J Nina

    Biology of sex differences

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 88

    Abstract: Over the past several decades, substantial ground has been gained in understanding the biology of sex differences. With new mandates to include sex as a biological variable in NIH-funded research, greater knowledge is forthcoming on how sex chromosomes, ... ...

    Abstract Over the past several decades, substantial ground has been gained in understanding the biology of sex differences. With new mandates to include sex as a biological variable in NIH-funded research, greater knowledge is forthcoming on how sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and social and societal differences between sexes can affect the pathophysiology of health and disease. A detailed picture of how biological sex impacts disease pathophysiology will directly inform clinicians in their treatment approaches and challenge canonical therapeutic strategies. Thus, a profound opportunity to explore sex as a variable in personalized medicine now presents itself. While many sex differences are apparent in humans and have been described at length, we are only beginning to see how such differences impact disease progression, treatment efficacy, and outcomes in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Here, we briefly present the most salient and convincing evidence of sex differences in type 2 diabetes detection, diagnostics, disease course, and therapeutics. We then offer commentary on how this evidence can inform clinicians on how to approach the clinical workup and management of different patients with diabetes. Finally, we discuss some gaps that remain in the literature and propose several research questions to guide basic and translational researchers as they continue in this growing area of scientific exploration.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Precision Medicine ; Sex Characteristics ; Obesity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2587352-0
    ISSN 2042-6410 ; 2042-6410
    ISSN (online) 2042-6410
    ISSN 2042-6410
    DOI 10.1186/s13293-023-00571-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Contextual Factors Influencing the Adoption of Physical Activity Direct Education and Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change Initiatives by Virginia EFNEP and SNAP-Ed Staff.

    Brooks, Austin / Young, Gabrielle / Misyak, Sarah / Johnson, Meredith Ledlie / Serrano, Elena

    Journal of nutrition education and behavior

    2023  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–42

    Abstract: Objective: To explore factors influencing the adoption of direct education programs and policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change initiatives focused on physical activity for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-eligible audiences by Virginia ...

    Abstract Objective: To explore factors influencing the adoption of direct education programs and policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change initiatives focused on physical activity for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-eligible audiences by Virginia Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) staff.
    Methods: Online survey with Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and SNAP-Ed peer (paraprofessional) educators (n = 28) and SNAP-Ed agents (master of science level) (n = 9) in Virginia. Descriptive statistics were computed for sociodemographic characteristics and responses to questions on the basis of Likert-type scales. Exploratory factor analyses were run to identify the underlying structures of the different variables.
    Results: The main factors for peer educators were related to substituting nutrition programs or content for physical activity programs. Other factors included staff qualifications and expectations about leading vs teaching physical activities. For PSEs, the top factors were the capacity to reach many community members, attract new partners and stakeholders, and personal interest in the PSE.
    Conclusions and implications: The results provide insight into potential barriers and motivators for adopting physical activity education and PSEs within community-based initiatives and can be used to inform program planning and staff training. Additional research is warranted to examine other factors influencing the adoption and implementation of physical activity programs and PSEs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Food Assistance ; Virginia ; Health Education ; Policy ; Exercise
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1878-2620
    ISSN (online) 1878-2620
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.10.011
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  8. Article ; Online: Robotization of Industrial Processes: Motivational Differences between Companies with and without Existing Robotic Processes.

    Johnson, Meredith Dentice / Berman, Sigal / Azen, Razia / Otieno, Wilkistar / Campbell-Kyureghyan, Naira

    IISE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 41–54

    Abstract: OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSOur survey of 100 manufacturing facilities revealed statistically significant differences among company types in their perceptions of cost savings, productivity gains, and safety improvements as benefits of robotic implementation. ...

    Abstract OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSOur survey of 100 manufacturing facilities revealed statistically significant differences among company types in their perceptions of cost savings, productivity gains, and safety improvements as benefits of robotic implementation. Regardless of company type or size, indications of presence of cumulative, incidental, and static postural hazards were identified as primary perceived factors for injury potential. More than half of the surveyed companies reported being unaware of general safety standards utilized within their facilities, and most (70%) robotic companies were unaware of any robotic-specific standards utilized at their company. Our results indicate the importance of accounting for varying perspectives between company types regarding motivation for and safety impacts of robotics. With the advancement of technology and robotization of the manufacturing industry, there are also pressing needs for advancing robotic safety standards, implementing training programs, and continuous promotion of the general safety awareness.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Robotics ; Motivation ; Occupational Health ; Manufacturing Industry ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2472-5846
    ISSN (online) 2472-5846
    DOI 10.1080/24725838.2023.2278794
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A Review of Selumetinib in the Treatment of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Related Plexiform Neurofibromas.

    Anderson, Mary Kate / Johnson, Meredith / Thornburg, Lauren / Halford, Zachery

    The Annals of pharmacotherapy

    2021  Volume 56, Issue 6, Page(s) 716–726

    Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of selumetinib, a novel MEK inhibitor, for the treatment of plexiform neurofibromas (PN) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).: Data sources: An English-based literature search of PubMed, ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of selumetinib, a novel MEK inhibitor, for the treatment of plexiform neurofibromas (PN) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
    Data sources: An English-based literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted using the terms
    Study selection and data extraction: Relevant prescribing information, abstracts, and articles identified through the search were considered for inclusion in this review.
    Data synthesis: The open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II SPRINT trial demonstrated clinically significant improvements in PN-related complications. Of 50 symptomatic patients, 68% experienced a partial response, with a median change in tumor volume of -27.9% from baseline. Estimated progression-free survival at 3 years was 84%. Additionally, clinically meaningful improvements were seen on patient- and parent-reported assessments evaluating pain, range of motion, disfigurement, and quality of life. Overall, the adverse effect profile for selumetinib appears mild and manageable.
    Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: Selumetinib is the first FDA-approved treatment for inoperable PN in patients with NF1, demonstrating that MEK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy. Studies are ongoing to assess the effect of selumetinib on other NF1-associated tumor types and to determine the optimal dosing schedule and treatment duration. Cost and treatment burden must be considered when selecting selumetinib therapy.
    Conclusion: Selumetinib exhibits impressive antitumor activity and sustained clinical benefit in patients lacking other viable treatment options. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal age of initiation, treatment duration, and overall cost-effectiveness of selumetinib.
    MeSH term(s) Benzimidazoles ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/therapeutic use ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform/complications ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform/drug therapy ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform/pathology ; Neurofibromatosis 1/complications ; Neurofibromatosis 1/drug therapy ; Neurofibromatosis 1/pathology ; Quality of Life
    Chemical Substances AZD 6244 ; Benzimidazoles ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.12.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1101370-9
    ISSN 1542-6270 ; 1060-0280
    ISSN (online) 1542-6270
    ISSN 1060-0280
    DOI 10.1177/10600280211046298
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Evidence-Based Criteria Supporting Early Discharge for Pediatric Patients With Osteosarcoma Receiving High-Dose Methotrexate: A Retrospective Chart Review.

    Armideo, Erin / Froio, Shannon / Johnson, Meredith / Tardino-Gingrich, Alison / Froh, Elizabeth

    Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 143–149

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes following the implementation of an early discharge protocol for pediatric patients with osteosarcoma receiving high-dose methotrexate (MTX) to determine if the protocol safely decreased ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes following the implementation of an early discharge protocol for pediatric patients with osteosarcoma receiving high-dose methotrexate (MTX) to determine if the protocol safely decreased length of stay without increased toxicity.
    Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cohort design. Participants included children, 5 to 25 years of age, diagnosed with osteosarcoma, who received methotrexate between December 2017 and July 2019. A total of 141 doses across fifteen individual patients were included in the cohort. Data were abstracted from the electronic health record and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
    Results: The majority of administrations (n = 94, 67%) met early discharge criteria without an increase in toxicity or hospital readmission.
    Conclusion: Pediatric patients receiving high-dose MTX for osteosarcoma can be safely discharged from the hospital when serum MTX level < 0.4 μmol/L with the implementation of education, hydration goals, frequent lab monitoring, and close follow-up. More than half of patients on this study were able to be discharged from the hospital sooner than prior protocol. More importantly, this retrospective chart review highlighted the ability to maintain safe administration without increasing toxicity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2150-0878
    ISSN 2150-0878
    DOI 10.6004/jadpro.2022.13.2.5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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