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  1. Article ; Online: Initial development of a measure of evidence-informed professional thinking.

    Benfield, Angela M / Johnston, Mark V

    Australian occupational therapy journal

    2020  Volume 67, Issue 4, Page(s) 309–319

    Abstract: Background and aims: A number of theories have been proposed on clinical expertise and its development in occupational therapy and allied health professions. Clinical reasoning, outcome measurement and evidence-based practice are names for leading ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: A number of theories have been proposed on clinical expertise and its development in occupational therapy and allied health professions. Clinical reasoning, outcome measurement and evidence-based practice are names for leading conceptualisations. The aim of this research was to develop an operational measure of habits of mind and practice that constitute these desirable professional activities amongst professional therapists.
    Methods: Items were developed on the basis of literature review and feedback from an expert panel. An online self-report survey was completed by 107 occupational therapists and other allied health clinicians. Rasch analysis was used to identify and calibrate items that fit the criteria for equal-interval measurement. Residuals from identified equal-interval dimensions were examined using principal components analysis to identify multidimensionality.
    Results: A two-dimension solution employing 32 items was identified. The first dimension comprised items on Critical Clinical Reasoning and had an item separation of 8.49 (0.99 reliability) and a person separation of 2.93 (0.90 reliability). The second dimension comprised items on Evidence-Informed Practice behaviours and had an item separation of 6.19 (0.97 reliability) and a person separation of 2.97 (0.90 reliability). These dimensions were positively correlated (r = .778, p < .001). We named the overall scale 'Evidence-Informed Professional Thinking', or EIPT. The EIPT measures correlated significantly with 12 of 13 relevant external criterion items.
    Conclusion: Evidence-informed professional thinking can be measured in terms of two correlated probabilistically equal-interval dimensions: Critical Clinical Reasoning and Evidence-Informed Practice behaviours. The EIPT measure should be useful in research on development and application of clinical expertise, quality and outcomes of care and implementation of improved practices among practicing therapists in clinical treatment settings. Further research is recommended to understand the generalisability, strengths, limitations and correlates of EIPT.
    MeSH term(s) Allied Health Personnel/psychology ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Clinical Decision-Making/methods ; Evidence-Based Practice/standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Therapists/standards ; Occupational Therapy/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-13
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604554-6
    ISSN 1440-1630 ; 0045-0766
    ISSN (online) 1440-1630
    ISSN 0045-0766
    DOI 10.1111/1440-1630.12655
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  2. Article: Adult Sockeye Salmon Responses to Transplanting Upstream of an Impassable Dam

    Kock, Tobias J. / Evans, Scott D. / Saluskin, Brian P. / Matala, Andrew P. / Visser, Richard / Johnston, Mark V. / Galbreath, Peter F. / Pope, Adam C.

    North American journal of fisheries management. 2021 Dec., v. 41, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: The Yakama Nation manages a program for reintroducing Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka upstream of Cle Elum Dam in the Yakima River basin. The program involves transplanting of a mix of adult Sockeye Salmon from two middle Columbia River donor stocks, ... ...

    Abstract The Yakama Nation manages a program for reintroducing Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka upstream of Cle Elum Dam in the Yakima River basin. The program involves transplanting of a mix of adult Sockeye Salmon from two middle Columbia River donor stocks, Lake Wenatchee (WEN) and Osoyoos Lake (OSO), with the goal of establishing a self‐sustaining population in the basin. In 2017, a subset of the transplanted population was radio‐tagged and monitored to assess stock‐specific responses to transplanting, including downstream entrainment at Cle Elum Dam (“fallback”) and prespawn mortality. Tagged fish were active during the first 2 weeks after release. Some fish moved upstream into the Cle Elum River and then returned to the reservoir; other fish moved downstream and passed Cle Elum Dam. Movement within the study area diminished during August but increased in September when fish began migrating up the Cle Elum River for spawning. A greater proportion of WEN fish (76.3%) was detected entering the river compared to OSO fish (53.9%). The hazard ratio from a multistate analysis of fish behavior indicated that WEN fish were nine times more likely to enter the river than OSO fish. The WEN fish also initiated upstream movement 3 weeks earlier than OSO fish. We found that 27.0% of all tagged fish were lost to the spawning population through fallback (20.7%) and prespawn mortality (6.3%). Fallback and prespawn mortality occurred for a greater percentage of OSO fish (26.9% and 7.7%) than WEN fish (15.3% and 5.1%), but these differences were not statistically different. These results provide foundational information from the early phase of a reintroduction effort. Continued monitoring will be required as Sockeye Salmon evolve to conditions upstream of Cle Elum Dam, and results from these efforts will provide valuable insights for this reintroduction effort and others in river systems with similar characteristics.
    Keywords Oncorhynchus nerka ; administrative management ; adults ; basins ; fish ; fish behavior ; hazard ratio ; lakes ; mortality ; radio frequency identification ; rivers ; watersheds ; Columbia River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Size p. 1640-1651.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 779391-1
    ISSN 0275-5947
    ISSN 0275-5947
    DOI 10.1002/nafm.10675
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  3. Book: Measurement standards for interdisciplinary medical rehabilitation

    Johnston, Mark V. / Keith, Robert Allen / Hinderer, Stephen R.

    (Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation ; 73,12, Suppl.)

    1992  

    Author's details Mark V. Johnston ; Robert Allen Keith ; Stephen R. Hinderer
    Series title Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation ; 73,12, Suppl.
    Collection
    Keywords Rehabilitation / standards ; Rehabilitationsmedizin
    Size S23 S.
    Publisher Saunders
    Publishing place Philadelphia, PA
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT004447830
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    Ue I Zs 71 -73,12,Suppl.- verfügbar in Königswinter Königswinter

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  4. Article ; Online: Toward improved evidence standards and methods for rehabilitation: recommendations and challenges.

    Johnston, Mark V / Dijkers, Marcel P

    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

    2012  Volume 93, Issue 8 Suppl, Page(s) S185–99

    Abstract: Interventions and programs for people with disability should be based on the best--the most discriminating and rigorous--methods of systematic review and knowledge translation possible. Extant systems for systematic review and practice recommendations ... ...

    Abstract Interventions and programs for people with disability should be based on the best--the most discriminating and rigorous--methods of systematic review and knowledge translation possible. Extant systems for systematic review and practice recommendations have excellent features but severe difficulties are encountered when attempting to apply them to disability and rehabilitation. This article identifies issues in evidence synthesis and linked practice recommendations and describes both new and long-tested methods to address them. Evidence synthesis in disability and rehabilitation can be improved by: explicating criteria for evaluating nonrandomized evidence, including the regression discontinuity, interrupted time series, and single-subject designs, as well as state-of-the-art methods of analysis of observational studies; greater use of meta-analysis; considering effect size, direction of biases, and dose-response relationships; employing more discriminating methods of evaluating flaws in masking, considering also measurement reliability and objectivity; considering overall biases and conflicts of interest; increased attention to composition of review panels; and greater transparency in reporting of the bases of reviewers' judgments. Review methods need to be developed for assistive technology and for measurement procedures. Application to practice can be improved by attention to treatment alternatives, explicit evaluation of generalizability, synthesizing clinical experience as a source of evidence, and a focus on the best--rather than the ideally most-rigorous--evidence. Study outcomes should be measured and reviewed in terms meaningful to persons served. In sum, methods are available to improve evidence synthesis and the application of resulting knowledge. We recommend that these methods be employed.
    MeSH term(s) Disabled Persons/rehabilitation ; Evidence-Based Medicine/methods ; Evidence-Based Medicine/standards ; Humans ; Observer Variation ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Rehabilitation/methods ; Rehabilitation/standards ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80057-0
    ISSN 1532-821X ; 0003-9993
    ISSN (online) 1532-821X
    ISSN 0003-9993
    DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.011
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  5. Article: Effects of Supplementation in Upper Yakima River Chinook Salmon

    Koch, Ilana J. / Seamons, Todd R. / Galbreath, Peter F. / Nuetzel, Hayley M. / Matala, Andrew P. / Warheit, Kenneth I. / Fast, David E. / Johnston, Mark V. / Strom, Charles R. / Narum, Shawn R. / Bosch, William J.

    Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 2022 May, v. 151, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: To promote recovery of natural salmonid populations, managers are utilizing hatchery supplementation programs to increase abundance of spawners on the spawning grounds. However, studies have provided evidence that captive breeding can result in ... ...

    Abstract To promote recovery of natural salmonid populations, managers are utilizing hatchery supplementation programs to increase abundance of spawners on the spawning grounds. However, studies have provided evidence that captive breeding can result in domestication, demonstrated by lower fitness of hatchery‐origin compared with natural‐origin fish. Supplementation programs, therefore, typically use natural‐origin broodstock in an effort to minimize long‐term negative fitness impacts. Here we evaluated the upper Yakima River spring supplementation program for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which has broodstock comprised exclusively of unmarked fish presumed to be of natural‐origin. Using 5 years of spawner data, we tested for effects of hatchery breeding and rearing on total adult returns and their individual reproductive success when spawning naturally. Our study revealed that supplementation increased overall abundance of fish spawning naturally on the spawning grounds. However, on average, compared with natural‐origin spawners, hatchery‐origin fish had reduced reproductive success, which also translated to reduced reproductive success in three out of five return years for natural‐origin fish that spawned with hatchery‐origin fish. As expected, body length and return timing were also significant predictors of reproductive success. However, more generations of data are needed to establish the extent to which reduced reproductive success is passed on to naturally produced progeny.
    Keywords Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; adults ; body length ; breeding stock ; domestication ; fish ; hatcheries ; progeny ; reproductive success ; rivers ; spring
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-05
    Size p. 373-388.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 416724-7
    ISSN 0002-8487
    ISSN 0002-8487
    DOI 10.1002/tafs.10354
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  6. Article ; Online: Reporting Guideline for RULER: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research: Explanation and Elaboration.

    Van de Winckel, Ann / Kozlowski, Allan J / Johnston, Mark V / Weaver, Jennifer / Grampurohit, Namrata / Terhorst, Lauren / Juengst, Shannon / Ehrlich-Jones, Linda / Heinemann, Allen W / Melvin, John / Sood, Pallavi / Mallinson, Trudy

    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 103, Issue 7, Page(s) 1487–1498

    Abstract: The Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research (RULER) provides peer-reviewed, evidence-based, transparent, and consistent recommendations for reporting studies that apply Rasch Measurement (RM) Theory in a rehabilitation context. The purpose ... ...

    Abstract The Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research (RULER) provides peer-reviewed, evidence-based, transparent, and consistent recommendations for reporting studies that apply Rasch Measurement (RM) Theory in a rehabilitation context. The purpose of the guideline is to ensure that authors, reviewers, and editors have uniform guidance about how to write and evaluate research on rehabilitation outcome assessments. The RULER statement includes an organizing framework and a checklist of 59 recommendations. This companion article supports the RULER statement by providing details about the framework, rationale for the domains and recommendations in the checklist and explaining why these considerations are important for improving consistency and transparency in reporting the results of RM studies. This article is not intended to describe how to conduct RM studies but provides rationale for the essential elements that authors should address in each domain. Consistency and transparency in reporting RM studies will advance rehabilitation research if authors consider these issues when planning their study and include the checklist when they submit their manuscript for peer review. A copy of the checklist can be found at [table 2 in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.013].
    MeSH term(s) Checklist ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Peer Review, Research ; Rehabilitation Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80057-0
    ISSN 1532-821X ; 0003-9993
    ISSN (online) 1532-821X
    ISSN 0003-9993
    DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.019
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  7. Article ; Online: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research (RULER): the RULER Statement.

    Mallinson, Trudy / Kozlowski, Allan J / Johnston, Mark V / Weaver, Jennifer / Terhorst, Lauren / Grampurohit, Namrata / Juengst, Shannon / Ehrlich-Jones, Linda / Heinemann, Allen W / Melvin, John / Sood, Pallavi / Van de Winckel, Ann

    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 103, Issue 7, Page(s) 1477–1486

    Abstract: The application of Rasch Measurement (RM) Theory to rehabilitation assessments has proliferated in recent years. RM Theory helps design and refine assessments so that items reflect a unidimensional construct in an equal interval metric that distinguishes ...

    Abstract The application of Rasch Measurement (RM) Theory to rehabilitation assessments has proliferated in recent years. RM Theory helps design and refine assessments so that items reflect a unidimensional construct in an equal interval metric that distinguishes among persons of different abilities in a manner that is consistent with the underlying trait. Rapid growth of RM in rehabilitation assessment studies has led to inconsistent results reporting. Clear, consistent, transparent reporting of RM Theory results is important for advancing rehabilitation science and practice based on precise measures. Precise measures, in turn, provide researchers, practitioners, patients, and other stakeholders with tools for effective decision making. The goal of this Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research (RULER: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research) is to provide peer-reviewed, evidence-based, transparent, and consistent recommendations for reporting studies that apply RM Theory in a rehabilitation context. The purpose of the guideline is to ensure that authors, reviewers, and editors have uniform expectations about how to write and evaluate research on rehabilitation outcome assessments. A task force of rehabilitation researchers, clinicians, and editors met regularly between November 2018 and August 2020 to identify the need for the guideline, develop an organizing framework, identify content areas, and develop the recommendations. This RULER: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research statement includes the organizing framework and a checklist of 59 recommendations. The guideline is supported by an Explanation and Elaboration article that provides more detail about the framework and recommendations in the checklist. A glossary of key terms and a recommended iterations table are provided in supplemental online only materials.
    MeSH term(s) Advisory Committees ; Checklist ; Humans ; Peer Review, Research ; Rehabilitation Research ; Research Design ; Research Report
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80057-0
    ISSN 1532-821X ; 0003-9993
    ISSN (online) 1532-821X
    ISSN 0003-9993
    DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.013
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  8. Article: Desiderata for clinical trials in medical rehabilitation.

    Johnston, Mark V

    American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation

    2003  Volume 82, Issue 10 Suppl, Page(s) S3–7

    MeSH term(s) Evidence-Based Medicine/methods ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Rehabilitation/organization & administration ; Rehabilitation/statistics & numerical data ; Research Design/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219390-5
    ISSN 1537-7385 ; 0894-9115 ; 0002-9491
    ISSN (online) 1537-7385
    ISSN 0894-9115 ; 0002-9491
    DOI 10.1097/01.PHM.0000087008.39226.6B
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  9. Article: Early Observations from Monitoring a Reintroduction Program: Return of Sockeye Salmon to a Nursery Lake of Historical Importance

    Matala, Andrew P. / Narum, Shawn R. / Saluskin, Brian P. / Johnston, Mark V. / Newell, Jeremiah E. / Fast, David E. / Galbreath, Peter F.

    Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 2019 Mar., v. 148, no. 2

    2019  

    Abstract: The historical distribution of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Columbia River basin has been constrained by the species’ dependence on nursery lakes for juvenile rearing. Several productive lake systems were impounded by dams during the last ... ...

    Abstract The historical distribution of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Columbia River basin has been constrained by the species’ dependence on nursery lakes for juvenile rearing. Several productive lake systems were impounded by dams during the last century leading to the extirpation of Sockeye Salmon from many nursery lakes in the region. Recent efforts to re‐establish populations in historically natal areas are exemplified by the Cle Elum Lake reintroduction program. The program is founded on outplanting adult fish from two middle Columbia River donor populations with different adaptive potentials. We used genetic stock identification methods to differentiate stock origins between Osoyoos Lake (OSO) and Lake Wenatchee (WEN) donor stocks and to evaluate the relative productivity from two brood years (2011 and 2012) of natural spawning in the novel environment. Spawning ground surveys revealed assortative mating between earlier‐spawning WEN fish that were more abundant farthest upstream and later‐spawning OSO fish that were concentrated (82%) downstream nearest the lake. Hybrids accounted for only 5% of sampled smolts and 4% of adult returns. Smolts rearing in Cle Elum Lake were significantly larger overall (OSO, 140 mm; WEN, 129 mm) than smolts in either donor population (84 mm). However, the average size of OSO smolts varied among emigration years, and relative smolt abundances favored the WEN stock (70% overall), indicative of a rearing survival advantage. In relation, the WEN stock exhibited a better average rate of replacement (0.80) in adult‐to‐adult escapement compared with the OSO stock (0.17). Continued monitoring will focus on trends in productivity and potential demographic shifts that may arise in the Cle Elum Lake population and will provide managers with information concerning limiting factors in the environment that might affect similar approaches to reintroductions in other lake systems.
    Keywords Oncorhynchus nerka ; adults ; juveniles ; lakes ; smolts ; watersheds ; Columbia River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-03
    Size p. 271-288.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 416724-7
    ISSN 0002-8487
    ISSN 0002-8487
    DOI 10.1002/tafs.10133
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  10. Article: Towards guidelines for evaluation of measures: an introduction with application to spinal cord injury.

    Johnston, Mark V / Graves, Daniel E

    The journal of spinal cord medicine

    2008  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–26

    Abstract: Background: Both clinical practice and research in spinal cord injury (SCI) continue to struggle with issues of the quality and utility of outcome measures employed. Despite widespread deference to dicta on "reliability and validity," systematic means ... ...

    Abstract Background: Both clinical practice and research in spinal cord injury (SCI) continue to struggle with issues of the quality and utility of outcome measures employed. Despite widespread deference to dicta on "reliability and validity," systematic means of grading the level of evidence for measures are lacking.
    Objectives: This paper explains the methods and principles for use in systematic reviews of measures in SCI. It explains how extant measurement standards and principles can be elaborated for extant labels on various types of reliability and validity to define a more judicious method of grading level of evidence. We aim to initiate a process of discussion that will lead to improved systematic review of the measurement quality as a basis for long-term improvements in outcomes measures and their application.
    Methods: This paper is a conceptual review, based on established measurement standards and principles and the incorporation of recent advances in measurement methodology. The scheme of grading of measurement quality is illustrated by examples of measures of health, function, activity/participation, and quality of life after SCI.
    Results and conclusions: It is possible to grade the quality of outcome measure in terms of level of evidence, provided the nature of the construct being measured is defined as well as its main use. Definite means of grading the level of evidence for measurement will help to identify priorities for measure development and facilitate more appropriate uses of measures.
    MeSH term(s) Disability Evaluation ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-06-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1223949-5
    ISSN 2045-7723 ; 1079-0268
    ISSN (online) 2045-7723
    ISSN 1079-0268
    DOI 10.1080/10790268.2008.11753976
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