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Article ; Online: Pre-hospital emergency medicine: a spectrum of imaging findings.

Whitesell, Ryan T / Burnett, Aaron M / Johnston, Sean K / Sheafor, Douglas H

2024

Abstract: The goal of emergency medical services (EMS) is to provide urgent medical care and stabilization prior to patient transport to a healthcare facility for definitive treatment. The number and variety of interventions performed in the field by EMS providers ...

Abstract	The goal of emergency medical services (EMS) is to provide urgent medical care and stabilization prior to patient transport to a healthcare facility for definitive treatment. The number and variety of interventions performed in the field by EMS providers continues to grow as early management of severe injuries and critical illness in the pre-hospital setting has been shown to improve patient outcomes. The sequela of many field interventions, including those associated with airway management, emergent vascular access, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), patient immobilization, and hemorrhage control may be appreciated on emergency department admission imaging. Attention to these imaging findings is important for the emergency radiologist, who may be the first to identify a malpositioned device or an iatrogenic complication arising from pre-hospital treatment. Recognition of these findings may allow for earlier corrective action to be taken in the acute care setting. This review describes common EMS interventions and their imaging findings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1425144-9
ISSN	1438-1435 ; 1070-3004
ISSN (online)	1438-1435
ISSN	1070-3004
DOI	10.1007/s10140-024-02223-3
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Article: Alvin Weinberg and the Promotion of the Technological Fix.

Johnston, Sean F

Technology and culture

2018 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 620–651

Abstract: The term technological fix, coined by technologist/administrator Alvin Weinberg in 1965, vaunted engineering innovation as a generic tool for circumventing problems commonly conceived as social, political, or cultural. A longtime Director of Oak Ridge ... ...

Abstract	The term technological fix, coined by technologist/administrator Alvin Weinberg in 1965, vaunted engineering innovation as a generic tool for circumventing problems commonly conceived as social, political, or cultural. A longtime Director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, government consultant, and essayist, Weinberg also popularized the term big science to describe national goals and the competitive funding environment after the Second World War. Big science reoriented towards technological fixes, he argued, could provide a new "Apollo project" to address social problems of the future. His ideas-most recently echoed in "solutionism"-have channeled confidence and controversy ever since. This article traces the genesis and promotion of the concept by Weinberg and his contemporaries. It argues that, through the concept, the marginal politics and technological confidences of interwar scientists and technocrats were repositioned as mainstream notions closer to the heart of big science policy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2021131-4
ISSN	1097-3729 ; 0040-165X
ISSN (online)	1097-3729
ISSN	0040-165X
DOI	10.1353/tech.2018.0061
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Article ; Online: Vaunting the independent amateur: Scientific American and the representation of lay scientists.

Johnston, Sean F

Annals of science

2018 Volume 75, Issue 2, Page(s) 97–119

Abstract: This paper traces how media representations encouraged enthusiasts, youth and skilled volunteers to participate actively in science and technology during the twentieth century. It assesses how distinctive discourses about scientific amateurs positioned ... ...

Abstract	This paper traces how media representations encouraged enthusiasts, youth and skilled volunteers to participate actively in science and technology during the twentieth century. It assesses how distinctive discourses about scientific amateurs positioned them with respect to professionals in shifting political and cultural environments. In particular, the account assesses the seminal role of a periodical, Scientific American magazine, in shaping and championing an enduring vision of autonomous scientific enthusiasms. Between the 1920s and 1970s, editors Albert G. Ingalls and Clair L. Stong shepherded generations of adult 'amateur scientists'. Their columns and books popularized a vision of independent non-professional research that celebrated the frugal ingenuity and skills of inveterate tinkerers. Some of these attributes have found more recent expression in present-day 'maker culture'. The topic consequently is relevant to the historiography of scientific practice, science popularization and science education. Its focus on independent non-professionals highlights political dimensions of agency and autonomy that have often been implicit for such historical (and contemporary) actors. The paper argues that the Scientific American template of adult scientific amateurism contrasted with other representations: those promoted by earlier periodicals and by a science education organization, Science Service, and by the national demands for recruiting scientific labour during and after the Second World War. The evidence indicates that advocates of the alternative models had distinctive goals and adapted their narrative tactics to reach their intended audiences, which typically were conceived as young persons requiring instruction or mentoring. By contrast, the monthly Scientific American columns established a long-lived and stable image of the independent lay scientist.
MeSH term(s)	Historiography ; History, 20th Century ; Periodicals as Topic/history ; Science/history ; Technology/history ; United States ; Volunteers/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	337-2
ISSN	1464-505X ; 0003-4924 ; 0003-3790
ISSN (online)	1464-505X
ISSN	0003-4924 ; 0003-3790
DOI	10.1080/00033790.2018.1460691
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Article ; Online: Quality and reliability evaluation of current Internet information regarding mesh use in inguinal hernia surgery using HONcode and the DISCERN instrument.

Fullard, Anna C / Johnston, Sean M / Hehir, Dermot J

Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery

2021 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 1325–1330

Abstract: Introduction: Mesh-related complications following pelvic prolapse surgery has potentiated societal fear and led to increased investigation into mesh use in inguinal hernia repair (IHR) surgery online. However concern exists regarding the quality of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Mesh-related complications following pelvic prolapse surgery has potentiated societal fear and led to increased investigation into mesh use in inguinal hernia repair (IHR) surgery online. However concern exists regarding the quality of Internet health informatics. The DISCERN Instrument and HONcode tool can be used to assess the quality and reliability of online health information. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability and quality of online information pertaining to mesh use in IHR surgery using the DISCERN instrument and HONcode tool. Methods: An Internet search using the keywords: 'mesh', 'inguinal hernia' and 'surgery' was carried out via Google, Yahoo, Bing, Facebook and Twitter. The HONcode and DISCERN scores were generated for each of the first ten search engine result pages (SERPs). Results: Google provided the most reliable [Median HONcode score 77% (IQR 25.5%)] and highest quality information [Median DISCERN score; 61.5 (IQR 18.25)]. Social media yielded both the most unreliable and lowest quality information. Facebook was the most unreliable [Median HONcode score 21% (IQR 14.25%)], while Twitter imparted the lowest quality information [Median DISCERN score of 18.5 (IQR 25.25)]. Discussion: A 2018 Cochrane review concluded the use of mesh in IHR to be safe and associated with superior outcomes. However, numerous SERPs present results contradicting this, based solely upon Level 5 evidence. Commercialisation of the Internet has resulted in search engine optimisation, which can permit lesser quality sites to obtain higher SERP ranking. Alarmingly if only a limited search is carried out by patients [4], lower quality, sensationalist evidence may be the only information they are exposed to. As such this may negatively influence the patient decision-making process detrimentally. However utilisation of social media by healthcare professionals may offer a solution to bridge the gap between the public and high quality medical information. Conclusions: Online information regarding mesh repair of inguinal herniae is of variable quality and reliability. Enhanced quality assurance of online health information is necessary. However, increased presence by hernia societies on social media may help to disseminate high quality information to patients, thus enabling pre-hospital education to set the scene prior to formal hospital consultation.
MeSH term(s)	Hernia, Inguinal/surgery ; Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects ; Humans ; Internet ; Internet Use ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surgical Mesh/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1388125-5
ISSN	1248-9204 ; 1265-4906
ISSN (online)	1248-9204
ISSN	1265-4906
DOI	10.1007/s10029-021-02406-8
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Article: Parastomal hernia repairs: A nationwide cohort study in the Republic of Ireland.

Chan, Kin Yik / Raftery, Nicola / Abdelhafiz, Tarig / Rayis, Abubakr / Johnston, Sean

The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland

2023 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 92–98

Abstract: Background: In the context of improving colorectal cancer outcomes, post-survivorship quality of life has become an important outcome measure. Parastomal hernias and their associated morbidity remain largely under-reported and under-appreciated. Despite ...

Abstract	Background: In the context of improving colorectal cancer outcomes, post-survivorship quality of life has become an important outcome measure. Parastomal hernias and their associated morbidity remain largely under-reported and under-appreciated. Despite their burden, conservative management is common. This study aims to provide a national overview on the current trends in parastomal hernia repairs (PHRs). Methods: All PHRs performed in public hospitals across the country between 1/2017 to 7/2022 were identified retrospectively from the National Quality Assurance and Improvement System (NQAIS) database. Anonymised patient characteristics and quality indices were extracted for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 565 PHRs, 64.1 % elective and the remainder emergent, were identified across 27 hospitals. The 8 national colorectal units performed 67.3 % of all repairs. While 42.3 % of PHRs were standalone procedures, reversal of Hartmann's procedure was the commonest simultaneous procedure in the remainder. The median age, ASA and Charlson Co-Morbidity Index were 64 years (19), 3(1) and 3(10) respectively. Mean length of stay (LOS) was 16.25 days (SD = 29.84). Linear regression analysis associated ASA (95 % CI 0.58-16.08, p < 0.035) and emergency admissions (95 % CI 5.86-25.55, P < 0.002) with a significantly longer LOS, with the latter also associated with more frequent emergency re-admissions (95 % CI 0.18-0.82, p < 0.002). Conclusion: Patients undergoing emergency PHR were older and significantly more comorbid. Consequently, these patients were subjected to longer hospital stays, more frequent readmissions and overall higher hospital costs. Multidisciplinary perioperative optimisation and standardised referral pathways should underpin the shift towards elective PHRs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Hernia, Ventral/epidemiology ; Hernia, Ventral/etiology ; Hernia, Ventral/surgery ; Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects ; Ireland/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Mesh ; Middle Aged ; Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2102927-1
ISSN	1479-666X
ISSN	1479-666X
DOI	10.1016/j.surge.2023.09.008
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Article: Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Migration of a Fractured Esophageal Stent.

Adam, Yousif Abdallah / Lim, Sean-Tee J M / Redmond, Fionnuala / Ryan, Eanna J / Johnston, Sean

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) e30802

Abstract: Esophageal stent placement is commonly indicated for the management of inoperable esophageal malignancies, benign strictures, and esophageal perforations including Boerhaave's syndrome. We present a case of a 74-year-old female, who presented with small ... ...

Abstract	Esophageal stent placement is commonly indicated for the management of inoperable esophageal malignancies, benign strictures, and esophageal perforations including Boerhaave's syndrome. We present a case of a 74-year-old female, who presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to a migrated esophageal stent, which was placed 20 weeks previously for Boerhaave's syndrome. She was surgically managed with laparotomy and retrieval of the fractured stent with local resection of the small bowel, followed by primary anastomosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.30802
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Article ; Online: The Prospects for Biodegradable Zinc in Wound Closure Applications.

Venezuela, Jeffrey Jones D / Johnston, Sean / Dargusch, Matthew Simon

Advanced healthcare materials

2019 Volume 8, Issue 16, Page(s) e1900408

Abstract: Zinc is identified as a promising biodegradable metal along with magnesium and iron. In the last 5 years, considerable progress is made on understanding the mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of zinc and its alloys. A majority ... ...

Abstract	Zinc is identified as a promising biodegradable metal along with magnesium and iron. In the last 5 years, considerable progress is made on understanding the mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of zinc and its alloys. A majority of these studies have focused on using zinc for absorbable cardiovascular and orthopedic device applications. However, it is likely that zinc is also suitable for other biomedical applications. In this work, the prospects for zinc in the fabrication of wound closure devices such as absorbable sutures, staples, and surgical tacks are critically assessed, with the aim of inspiring future research on biodegradable Zn for this medical application.
MeSH term(s)	Alloys/chemistry ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use ; Materials Testing ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sutures ; Zinc/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Alloys ; Biocompatible Materials ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2649576-4
ISSN	2192-2659 ; 2192-2640
ISSN (online)	2192-2659
ISSN	2192-2640
DOI	10.1002/adhm.201900408
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Article: Late biliary endoclip migration after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Case report and literature review.

Hamid, Hytham K S / Fullard, Anna / Sabahi, Jamaleldin / Johnston, Sean M

International journal of surgery case reports

2020 Volume 74, Page(s) 205–208

Abstract: Introduction: Although formerly considered a rarity, biliary endoclip-related complications are being diagnosed with increasing frequencies. Among these, migration of endoclip into the common bile duct (CBD) is a rare encounter that usually presents in ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Although formerly considered a rarity, biliary endoclip-related complications are being diagnosed with increasing frequencies. Among these, migration of endoclip into the common bile duct (CBD) is a rare encounter that usually presents in the first two years after surgery. Presentation of case: This case demonstrates a late biliary endoclip migration after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Discussion: An 82-year-old male patient, with a history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy 22 years ago, presented with two-day history of severe upper abdominal pain. Routine hemogram and serum chemistry were remarkable for slightly raised alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein. A computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated a new metallic density within the CBD when compared to a previous CT scan 14 months earlier. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiography confirmed a metal endoclip within the mid-CBD contained within a choledochal stone. Balloon extraction of the endoclip and stone was successfully performed. The patient was discharged 2 days later, and remained symptom free for 1 year. Conclusion: To our knowledge, a latency of 22 years between cholecystectomy and clip migration has never been reported before. In cases of post-cholecystectomy abdominal pain the awareness of the surgeon should always be drawn to a clinical suspicion of endoclip migration into the CBD that can be easily remedied. Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy with endoclip/stone removal is the therapeutic procedure of choice which usually circumvents the need for surgical extraction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2210-2612
ISSN	2210-2612
DOI	10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.08.027
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Article ; Online: Imaging Findings of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 850 Patients.

Katal, Sanaz / Johnston, Sean K / Johnston, Jennifer H / Gholamrezanezhad, Ali

Academic radiology

2020 Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 1608–1621

Abstract: Rationale and objectives: Children with COVID-19 seem to have a relatively milder disease and better prognosis; however, severe disease or death could still occur in this age group. Although the knowledge on the clinical and epidemiology of COVID-19 in ... ...

Abstract	Rationale and objectives: Children with COVID-19 seem to have a relatively milder disease and better prognosis; however, severe disease or death could still occur in this age group. Although the knowledge on the clinical and epidemiology of COVID-19 in pediatric patients is being accumulated rapidly, relevant comprehensive review on its radiological manifestations is still lacking. The present article reviews the radiological characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatrics, based on the previous studies. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic literature search for published articles by using Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase online databases. All studies describing CT findings of COVID-19 in pediatrics (<18years) were included. Results: A total of 39 studies with 850 pediatric patients were reviewed. 225 (26.5%) of patients had normal CT findings. Ground-glass opacities and consolidations were the most common CT abnormalities (384/625, 61.5%). Other findings were halo sign, interstitial opacities, bronchial wall thickening, and crazy-paving sign. Approximately 55% of patients had unilateral pulmonary findings. Most studies found peripheral and lower-lobe distribution to be a prominent imaging finding. Conclusion: Our study showed that imaging findings in children were often milder and more focal than adults, typically as ground-glass opacities and consolidations with unilateral lower-lobe predominance, which have been regressed during the recovery time. A balance must be struck between the risk of radiation and the need for chest CT. If still necessary, low-dose CT is more appropriate in this age group. Albeit, due to the limited number of reported pediatrics with COVID-19, and the lack of consistency in CT descriptors, further work is still needed in this regard.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Lung ; Pandemics ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	1355509-1
ISSN	1878-4046 ; 1076-6332
ISSN (online)	1878-4046
ISSN	1076-6332
DOI	10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.031
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Article ; Online: Low-dose CT in COVID-19 outbreak: radiation safety, image wisely, and image gently pledge.

Tofighi, Salar / Najafi, Saeideh / Johnston, Sean K / Gholamrezanezhad, Ali

Emergency radiology

2020 Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 601–605

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Protection ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1425144-9
ISSN	1438-1435 ; 1070-3004
ISSN (online)	1438-1435
ISSN	1070-3004
DOI	10.1007/s10140-020-01784-3
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