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  1. Article ; Online: Metformin and Gegen Qinlian Decoction boost islet α-cell proliferation of the STZ induced diabetic rats.

    Xu, Li / Jois, Shreyas / Cui, Hongliang

    BMC complementary medicine and therapies

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 193

    Abstract: Background: The traditional Chinese medicine Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), as well as metformin, had been reported with anti-diabetic effects in clinical practice.: Objective: To verify whether these two medicines effectively ameliorate ... ...

    Abstract Background: The traditional Chinese medicine Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), as well as metformin, had been reported with anti-diabetic effects in clinical practice.
    Objective: To verify whether these two medicines effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia caused by deficiency of islet β-cell mass which occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
    Methods: SD rats were injected with a single dose of STZ (55 mg/kg) to induce β-cell destruction. The rats were then divided into control, diabetes, GQD and metformin group. GQD and metformin groups were administered with GQD extract or metformin for 6 weeks. The islet α-cell or β-cell mass changes were tested by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. The potential targets and mechanisms of GQD and metformin on cell proliferation were tested using in silico network pharmacology. Real-time PCR was performed to test the expression of islet cells related genes and targets related genes.
    Results: Both GQD and metformin did not significantly reduce the FBG level caused by β-cell mass reduction, but alleviated liver and pancreas histopathology. Both GQD and metformin did not change the insulin positive cell mass but increased α-cell proliferation of the diabetic rats. Gene expression analysis showed that GQD and metformin significantly increased the targets gene cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and insulin receptor substrate (Irs1) level.
    Conclusion: This research indicates that GQD and metformin significantly increased the α-cell proliferation of β-cell deficiency induced diabetic rats by restoring Cdk4 and Irs1 gene expression.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Islets of Langerhans ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
    Chemical Substances Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; gegenqinlian ; Metformin (9100L32L2N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-7671
    ISSN (online) 2662-7671
    DOI 10.1186/s12906-022-03674-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Multiple primary lung cancer tumors with diversified genetic mutations-complications in choosing therapeutic options.

    Comeau, Jill / Beedupalli, Kavitha / Jois, Seetharama

    Clinical and translational discovery

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 3

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2768-0622
    ISSN (online) 2768-0622
    DOI 10.1002/ctd2.123
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Conformationally constrained cyclic grafted peptidomimetics targeting protein-protein interactions.

    Dahal, Achyut / Subramanian, Vivekanandan / Shrestha, Prajesh / Liu, Dong / Gauthier, Ted / Jois, Seetharama

    Peptide science (Hoboken, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 115, Issue 5

    Abstract: Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) structure is used for designing grafted peptides as a possible therapeutic agent. The grafted peptide exhibits multiple conformations in solution due to the presence of proline in the structure of the peptide. To ... ...

    Abstract Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) structure is used for designing grafted peptides as a possible therapeutic agent. The grafted peptide exhibits multiple conformations in solution due to the presence of proline in the structure of the peptide. To lock the grafted peptide into a major conformation in solution, a dibenzofuran moiety (DBF) was incorporated in the peptide backbone structure, replacing the Pro-Pro sequence. NMR studies indicated a major conformation of the grafted peptide in solution. Detailed structural studies suggested that SFTI-DBF adopts a twisted beta-strand structure in solution. The surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that SFTI-DBF binds to CD58 protein. A model for the protein-SFTI-DBF complex was proposed based on docking studies. These studies suggested that SFTI-1 grafted peptide can be used to design stable peptides for therapeutic purposes by grafting organic functional groups and amino acids. However, when a similar strategy was used with another grafted peptide, the resulting peptide did not produce a single major conformation, and its biological activity was lost. Thus, conformational constraints depend on the sequence of amino acids used for SFTI-1 grafting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2475-8817
    ISSN (online) 2475-8817
    DOI 10.1002/pep2.24328
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Andreev Reflection and Klein Tunneling in High-Temperature Superconductor-Graphene Junctions.

    Jois, Sharadh / Lado, Jose L / Gu, Genda / Li, Qiang / Lee, Ji Ung

    Physical review letters

    2023  Volume 130, Issue 15, Page(s) 156201

    Abstract: Scattering processes in quantum materials emerge as resonances in electronic transport, including confined modes, Andreev states, and Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. However, in most instances, these resonances are driven by a single scattering mechanism. Here, ...

    Abstract Scattering processes in quantum materials emerge as resonances in electronic transport, including confined modes, Andreev states, and Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. However, in most instances, these resonances are driven by a single scattering mechanism. Here, we show the appearance of resonances due to the combination of two simultaneous scattering mechanisms, one from superconductivity and the other from graphene p-n junctions. These resonances stem from Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling that occur at two different interfaces of a hole-doped region of graphene formed at the boundary with superconducting graphene due to proximity effects from Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Ca_{1}Cu_{2}O_{8+δ}. The resonances persist with gating from p^{+}-p and p-n configurations. The suppression of the oscillation amplitude above the bias energy which is comparable to the induced superconducting gap indicates the contribution from Andreev reflection. Our experimental measurements are supported by quantum transport calculations in such interfaces, leading to analogous resonances. Our results put forward a hybrid scattering mechanism in graphene-high-temperature superconductor heterojunctions of potential impact for graphene-based Josephson junctions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.156201
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Cancer Vaccines, Treatment of the Future: With Emphasis on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

    Pallerla, Sandeep / Abdul, Ata Ur Rahman Mohammed / Comeau, Jill / Jois, Seetharama

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 2

    Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. With improvements in early-stage diagnosis and targeted therapies, there has been an improvement in the overall survival rate in breast cancer over the past decade. Despite the development of ... ...

    Abstract Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. With improvements in early-stage diagnosis and targeted therapies, there has been an improvement in the overall survival rate in breast cancer over the past decade. Despite the development of targeted therapies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as monoclonal antibodies and their toxin conjugates, all metastatic tumors develop resistance, and nearly one-third of HER2+ breast cancer patients develop resistance to all these therapies. Although antibody therapy has shown promising results in breast cancer patients, passive immunotherapy approaches have limitations and need continuous administration over a long period. Vaccine therapy introduces antigens that act on cancer cells causing prolonged activation of the immune system. In particular, cancer relapse could be avoided due to the presence of a longer period of immunological memory with an effective vaccine that can protect against various tumor antigens. Cancer vaccines are broadly classified as preventive and therapeutic. Preventive vaccines are used to ward off any future infections and therapeutic vaccines are used to treat a person with active disease. In this article, we provided details about the tumor environment, different types of vaccines, their advantages and disadvantages, and the current status of various vaccine candidates with a focus on vaccines for breast cancer. Current data indicate that therapeutic vaccines themselves have limitations in terms of efficacy and are used in combination with other chemotherapeutic or targeting agents. The majority of breast cancer vaccines are undergoing clinical trials and the next decade will see the fruitfulness of breast cancer vaccine therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Cancer Vaccines ; ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms22020779
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: All-Carbon Nanotube Solar Cell Devices Mimic Photosynthesis.

    Oyibo, Gideon / Barrett, Thomas / Jois, Sharadh / Blackburn, Jeffrey L / Lee, Ji Ung

    Nano letters

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 22, Page(s) 9100–9106

    Abstract: Both solar cells and photosynthetic systems employ a two-step process of light absorption and energy conversion. In photosynthesis, they are performed by distinct proteins. However, conventional solar cells use the same semiconductor for optical ... ...

    Abstract Both solar cells and photosynthetic systems employ a two-step process of light absorption and energy conversion. In photosynthesis, they are performed by distinct proteins. However, conventional solar cells use the same semiconductor for optical absorption and electron-hole separation, leading to inefficiencies. Here, we show that an all-semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNTs) device provides an artificial system that models photosynthesis in a tandem geometry. We use distinct chirality s-SWCNTs to separate the site and direction of light absorption from those of power generation. Using different bandgap s-SWCNTs, we implement an energy funnel in dual-gated p
    MeSH term(s) Nanotubes, Carbon ; Photosynthesis ; Sunlight ; Semiconductors ; Photons
    Chemical Substances Nanotubes, Carbon
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03544
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Predicted Structure and Functions of the Prototypic Alphaherpesvirus Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 UL37 Tegument Protein.

    Collantes, Therese Marie A / Clark, Carolyn M / Musarrat, Farhana / Jambunathan, Nithya / Jois, Seetharama / Kousoulas, Konstantin G

    Viruses

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 10

    Abstract: The alphaherpesvirus UL37 tegument protein is a highly conserved, multi-functional protein. Mutagenesis analysis delineated the UL37 domains necessary for retrograde transport and viral replication. Specifically, the amino-terminal 480 amino acids are ... ...

    Abstract The alphaherpesvirus UL37 tegument protein is a highly conserved, multi-functional protein. Mutagenesis analysis delineated the UL37 domains necessary for retrograde transport and viral replication. Specifically, the amino-terminal 480 amino acids are dispensable for virus replication in epithelial cell culture, but it is unknown whether this amino-terminal deletion affects UL37 structure and intracellular transport in epithelial cells and neurons. To investigate the structure and function of UL37, we utilized multiple computational approaches to predict and characterize the secondary and tertiary structure and other functional features. The structure of HSV-1 UL37 and Δ481N were deduced using publicly available predictive algorithms. The predicted model of HSV-1 UL37 is a stable, multi-functional, globular monomer, rich in alpha helices, with unfolded regions within the linker and the C-tail domains. The highly flexible C-tail contains predicted binding sites to the dynein intermediate chain, as well as DNA and RNA. Predicted interactions with the cytoplasmic surface of the lipid membrane suggest UL37 is a peripheral membrane protein. The Δ481N truncation did not alter the predicted structure of the UL37 C-terminus protein and its predicted interaction with dynein. We validated these models by examining the replication kinetics and transport of the Δ481N virus toward the nuclei of infected epithelial and neuronal cells. The Δ481N virus had substantial defects in virus spread; however, it exhibited no apparent defects in virus entry and intracellular transport. Using computational analyses, we identified several key features of UL37, particularly the flexible unstructured tail; we then demonstrated that the UL37 C-terminus alone is sufficient to effectively transport the virus towards the nucleus of infected epithelial and neuronal cells.
    MeSH term(s) Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology ; Dyneins/metabolism ; Viral Structural Proteins/genetics ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; RNA/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Lipids
    Chemical Substances Dyneins (EC 3.6.4.2) ; Viral Structural Proteins ; Amino Acids ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Membrane Proteins ; Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14102189
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: An antagonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone protects against LPS-induced increase of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration.

    Akhter, Mohammad S / Kubra, Khadeja-Tul / Uddin, Mohammad A / Jois, Seetharama / Barabutis, Nektarios

    Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–185

    Abstract: Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) is a neuropeptide regulating the release of Growth Hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland, and acts as a growth factor in a diverse variety of tissues. GHRH antagonists (GHRHAnt) have been developed to ... ...

    Abstract Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) is a neuropeptide regulating the release of Growth Hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland, and acts as a growth factor in a diverse variety of tissues. GHRH antagonists (GHRHAnt) have been developed to counteract those events, and the beneficial effects of those peptides toward homeostasis have been associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Our lab is interested in delineating the mechanisms governing endothelial barrier function. Our goal is to establish new grounds on the development of efficient countermeasures against Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which has been associated with thousands of deaths worldwide due to COVID-19. Herein we demonstrate in vivo that GHRHAnt suppresses LPS-induced increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein concentration, thus protecting the lungs against edema and inflammation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; COVID-19/complications ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; Inflammation/etiology ; Inflammation/prevention & control ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proteins/chemistry ; Pulmonary Edema/etiology ; Pulmonary Edema/prevention & control ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Lipopolysaccharides ; Proteins ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (33515-09-2) ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (9034-39-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1221794-3
    ISSN 1420-908X ; 1023-3830
    ISSN (online) 1420-908X
    ISSN 1023-3830
    DOI 10.1007/s00011-021-01531-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The economic impact of obesity in Kuwait: a micro-costing study evaluating the burden of obesity-related comorbidities.

    Al-Sabah, Salman / ElShamy, Amr / Jois, Sharanya / Low, Kaywei / Gras, Adrien / Gulnar, Ece Parali

    Journal of medical economics

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 1368–1376

    Abstract: Objective: 44% of Kuwait's population live with obesity and the health consequences place a significant burden on the public health system. This study provides an assessment of the cost burden of obesity-related comorbidities (ORC).: Methods: A ... ...

    Abstract Objective: 44% of Kuwait's population live with obesity and the health consequences place a significant burden on the public health system. This study provides an assessment of the cost burden of obesity-related comorbidities (ORC).
    Methods: A retrospective micro-costing analysis was conducted to quantify the direct cost associated with ORCs. ORCs and their cost categories were informed by a systematic literature review and validated by a local steering committee comprising three experts. Seventy public sector clinicians and eight hospital procurement staff were surveyed to provide healthcare resource utilization estimates and medical resource cost data, respectively. The annual cost of each ORC and the cost drivers were also validated by the steering committee.
    Results: Individuals in Kuwait with any single ORC incurred direct healthcare costs ranging 1,748-4,205 KWD annually. Asthma, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes were the costliest ORCs, incurring an annual cost that exceeds 3,500 KWD per patient. Hypertension, angina and atrial fibrillation were the least costly ORCs. In general, costs were driven by drug costs and resources allocated to address treatment-related adverse events.
    Limitations: In the absence of an official patient registry in Kuwait, our study provides a conservative estimate of direct costs derived from a nationwide survey. Additionally, the cost estimates in this study assumes that a patient with obesity will only experience one ORC. In reality, multi-morbid states may incur additional costs that are not currently captured.
    Conclusions: Our study confirms that ORCs generate a significant financial burden to the public payer. The study provides an economic case for policymakers to recognize the exigency for obesity prevention and control in accordance with the ORC prevalence, and the need for sustainable investments towards body-mass index management to prevent individuals from developing multiple comorbidities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Health Care Costs ; Kuwait/epidemiology ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Systematic Reviews as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2270945-9
    ISSN 1941-837X ; 1369-6998
    ISSN (online) 1941-837X
    ISSN 1369-6998
    DOI 10.1080/13696998.2023.2265721
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  10. Article ; Online: A grafted peptidomimetic for EGFR heterodimerization inhibition: Implications in NSCLC models.

    Singh, Sitanshu S / Mattheolabakis, George / Gu, Xin / Withers, Sita / Dahal, Achyut / Jois, Seetharama

    European journal of medicinal chemistry

    2021  Volume 216, Page(s) 113312

    Abstract: Among the lung cancers, approximately 85% are histologically classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are known to play a crucial role in lung cancer. HER2 ... ...

    Abstract Among the lung cancers, approximately 85% are histologically classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are known to play a crucial role in lung cancer. HER2 overexpression is detected by immunohistochemistry in 2.4%-38% of NSCLC samples. EGFRs have been targeted with three generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and drug resistance has become a major issue; HER2 dimerization with EGFR also plays a major role in the development of resistance to TKI therapy. We have designed grafted peptides to bind to the HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) and inhibit protein-protein interactions of EGFR:HER2 and HER2:HER3. A sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI-1) template was used to graft a peptidomimetic compound. Among several grafted peptides, SFTI-G5 exhibited antiproliferative activity in HER2-positive NSCLC cell lines such as Calu-3 cells with an IC
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors ; ErbB Receptors/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Peptides/chemistry ; Peptides/metabolism ; Peptidomimetics/chemistry ; Peptidomimetics/metabolism ; Peptidomimetics/pharmacology ; Peptidomimetics/therapeutic use ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/drug effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Chemical Substances Peptides ; Peptidomimetics ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; ErbB Receptors (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-23
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188597-2
    ISSN 1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
    ISSN (online) 1768-3254
    ISSN 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113312
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