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Article ; Online: Utilization of Unsupervised Machine Learning for Detection of Duct Voids inside PSC Box Girder Bridges

Da-In Lee / Hyung Choi / Jong-Dae Kim / Chan-Young Park / Yu-Seop Kim

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 1270, p

2022 Volume 1270

Abstract: The PSC box girder bridge is a pre-stressed box girder bridge that accounts for a considerable part of large-scale bridges. However, when concrete is poured, even small mistakes might result in voids that appear during long-term maintenance. In this ... ...

Abstract	The PSC box girder bridge is a pre-stressed box girder bridge that accounts for a considerable part of large-scale bridges. However, when concrete is poured, even small mistakes might result in voids that appear during long-term maintenance. In this paper, we present a technique for detecting the void in the duct inside the PSC box girder bridge. Data are acquired utilizing the non-destructive impact-echo (IE) approach to detect these voids. IE creates time-series data as signal data initially; however, we want to use a CNN auto-encoder (AE). A scalogram, which is a kind of wavelet transformation, is used to convert time series data into an image. An AE is a type of unsupervised learning that aims to minimize the difference between the input and output. By comparing histograms, the difference is calculated. To begin, we create scalogram images from all IE signal data, which were randomly sampled as 98% normal and 2% void. The CNN AE is then trained and evaluated utilizing all the data. Finally, we examine the input and output histogram similarity distributions. As a consequence, only 4% of the normal data had a similarity of less than two standard deviations from the mean, whereas 34.7% of the void data did. As a result, the existence of voids inside the PSC duct could be demonstrated to be predictive in the absence of annotated data.
Keywords	pre-stressed concrete (PSC) ; scalogram transform ; CNN auto-encoder (AE) ; histogram comparison ; anomaly detection ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Case of Idiopathic Renal Hypouricemia with Gene Mutation Showing General Weakness and Incidental Renal Stone

Jin Woon Joung / Young Wha Song / Jong Dae Kim / Eun Jung Cheon

Childhood Kidney Diseases, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 44-

2021 Volume 48

Abstract: Idiopathic renal hypouricemia (iRHUC) is a rare hereditary disease caused by a defect in urate handling of renal tubules. Type 1 renal hypouricemia (RHUC1) is diagnosed with confirmation of a mutation in SLC22A12 gene which encodes a renal urate-anion ... ...

Abstract	Idiopathic renal hypouricemia (iRHUC) is a rare hereditary disease caused by a defect in urate handling of renal tubules. Type 1 renal hypouricemia (RHUC1) is diagnosed with confirmation of a mutation in SLC22A12 gene which encodes a renal urate-anion exchanger (URAT1). The majority of iRHUC patients are asymptomatic, especially during childhood, and thus many cases go undiagnosed or they are diagnosed late in older age with complications of hematuria, renal stones, or acute kidney injury (AKI). We report a case of a 7-year-old boy with subtle symptoms such as general weakness and dizziness and revealed hypouricemia and incidental nephrolithiasis. Homozygous mutations were detected in the SLC22A12(c.774G>A) by molecular analysis. The present case suggests that fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) screening could be better followed by the coincidental discovery of hypouricemia, to prevent conflicting complications of iRHUC, even with normal urine uric acid to creatinine ratio (UUA/UCr), and sequential genetic analysis if needed.
Keywords	idiopathic renal hypouricemia ; gene ; urate-anion exchanger ; urat1 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Automatic Word Spacing of Korean Using Syllable and Morpheme

Jeong-Myeong Choi / Jong-Dae Kim / Chan-Young Park / Yu-Seop Kim

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 2, p

2021 Volume 626

Abstract: In Korean, spacing is very important to understand the readability and context of sentences. In addition, in the case of natural language processing for Korean, if a sentence with an incorrect spacing is used, the structure of the sentence is changed, ... ...

Abstract	In Korean, spacing is very important to understand the readability and context of sentences. In addition, in the case of natural language processing for Korean, if a sentence with an incorrect spacing is used, the structure of the sentence is changed, which affects performance. In the previous study, spacing errors were corrected using n-gram based statistical methods and morphological analyzers, and recently many studies using deep learning have been conducted. In this study, we try to solve the spacing error correction problem using both the syllable-level and morpheme-level. The proposed model uses a structure that combines the convolutional neural network layer that can learn syllable and morphological pattern information in sentences and the bidirectional long short-term memory layer that can learn forward and backward sequence information. When evaluating the performance of the proposed model, the accuracy was evaluated at the syllable-level, and also precision, recall, and f1 score were evaluated at the word-level. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that performance was improved from the previous study.
Keywords	spacing correction ; syllable embedding ; morpheme embedding ; convolutional neural network ; bidirectional long short-term memory ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Global and Local Information Adjustment for Semantic Similarity Evaluation

Tak-Sung Heo / Jong-Dae Kim / Chan-Young Park / Yu-Seop Kim

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 5, p

2021 Volume 2161

Abstract: Semantic similarity evaluation is used in various fields such as question-and-answering and plagiarism testing, and many studies have been conducted into this problem. In previous studies using neural networks to evaluate semantic similarity, similarity ... ...

Abstract	Semantic similarity evaluation is used in various fields such as question-and-answering and plagiarism testing, and many studies have been conducted into this problem. In previous studies using neural networks to evaluate semantic similarity, similarity has been measured using global information of sentence pairs. However, since sentences do not only have one meaning but a variety of meanings, using only global information can have a negative effect on performance improvement. Therefore, in this study, we propose a model that uses global information and local information simultaneously to evaluate the semantic similarity of sentence pairs. The proposed model can adjust whether to focus more on global information or local information through a weight parameter. As a result of the experiment, the proposed model can show that the accuracy is higher than existing models that use only global information.
Keywords	semantic similarity ; Siamese network ; bidirectional long short-term memory ; self-attention ; capsule network ; Manhattan distance ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Deep Learning-Based End-to-End Language Development Screening for Children Using Linguistic Knowledge

Byoung-Doo Oh / Yoon-Kyoung Lee / Jong-Dae Kim / Chan-Young Park / Yu-Seop Kim

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 4651, p

2022 Volume 4651

Abstract: Language development is inextricably linked to the development of fundamental human abilities. A language problem can result from abnormal language development in childhood, which has a severe impact on other elements of life. As a result, early ... ...

Abstract	Language development is inextricably linked to the development of fundamental human abilities. A language problem can result from abnormal language development in childhood, which has a severe impact on other elements of life. As a result, early treatment of language impairments in children is critical. However, because it is difficult for parents to identify atypical language development in their children, optimal diagnosis and treatment periods are frequently missed. Furthermore, the diagnosis process necessitates a significant amount of time and work. As a consequence, in this study, we present a deep learning-based language development screening model based on word and part-of-speech and investigate the effectiveness of a large-scale language model. For the experiment, we collected data from Korean children by transcribing the utterances of children aged 2, 4, and 6 years. Convolutional neural networks and the notion of Siamese networks, as well as word and part-of-speech information, were used to determine the language development level of children. We also investigated the effectiveness of employing KoBERT and KR-BERT among Korean-specific large-scale language models. In 5-fold cross-validation study, the proposed model has an average accuracy of 78.0%. Furthermore, contrary to predictions, the large-scale language models were shown to be ineffective for representing children’s utterances.
Keywords	language development screening for children ; linguistic knowledge ; Siamese networks ; convolutional neural networks ; large-scale language model ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	410
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Machine Learning-Based Automatic Utterance Collection Model for Language Development Screening of Children

Jeong-Myeong Choi / Yoon-Kyoung Lee / Jong-Dae Kim / Chan-Young Park / Yu-Seop Kim

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 4747, p

2022 Volume 4747

Abstract: To assess a child’s language development, utterance data are required. The approach of recording and transcribing the conversation between the expert and the child is mostly utilized to obtain utterance data. Because data are obtained through one-on-one ... ...

Abstract	To assess a child’s language development, utterance data are required. The approach of recording and transcribing the conversation between the expert and the child is mostly utilized to obtain utterance data. Because data are obtained through one-on-one interactions, this approach is costly. In addition, depending on the expert, subjective dialogue situations may be incorporated. To acquire speech data, we present a machine learning-based phrase generating model. It has the benefit of being able to cope with several children, which reduces costs and allows for the collection of objectified utterance data through consistent conversation settings. Children’s utterances are initially categorized as topic maintenance or topic change, with rule-based replies based on scenarios being formed in the instance of a topic change. When it comes to topic maintenance, it encourages the child to say more by answering with imitative phrases. The strategy we suggest has the potential to reduce the cost of collecting data for evaluating children’s language development while maintaining data collection impartiality.
Keywords	utterance data collection ; machine learning ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	400
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Measuring sustainability by Energy Efficiency Analysis for Korean Power Companies

Ning Zhang / Jong-Dae Kim

Sustainability, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 1414-

A Sequential Slacks-Based Efficiency Measure

2014 Volume 1426

Abstract: Improving energy efficiency has been widely regarded as one of the most cost-effective ways to improve sustainability and mitigate climate change. This paper presents a sequential slack-based efficiency measure (SSBM) application to model total-factor ... ...

Abstract	Improving energy efficiency has been widely regarded as one of the most cost-effective ways to improve sustainability and mitigate climate change. This paper presents a sequential slack-based efficiency measure (SSBM) application to model total-factor energy efficiency with undesirable outputs. This approach simultaneously takes into account the sequential environmental technology, total input slacks, and undesirable outputs for energy efficiency analysis. We conduct an empirical analysis of energy efficiency incorporating greenhouse gas emissions of Korean power companies during 2007–2011. The results indicate that most of the power companies are not performing at high energy efficiency. Sequential technology has a significant effect on the energy efficiency measurements. Some policy suggestions based on the empirical results are also presented.
Keywords	data envelopment analysis ; energy efficiency ; Korea power company ; sequential slacks-based measure (SSBM) ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Is Green Regulation Effective or a Failure

Md. Abdul Kaium Masud / Mohammad Sharif Hossain / Jong Dae Kim

Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 4, p

Comparative Analysis between Bangladesh Bank (BB) Green Guidelines and Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines

2018 Volume 1267

Abstract: Green reporting and green regulation have been commonly used in the sustainability movement. This study evaluates Bangladesh Bank’s (BB’s) green regulation by considering the global reporting initiative (GRI) of environmental regulation along with self- ... ...

Abstract	Green reporting and green regulation have been commonly used in the sustainability movement. This study evaluates Bangladesh Bank’s (BB’s) green regulation by considering the global reporting initiative (GRI) of environmental regulation along with self-determined content to justify BB’s institutional effort in the banking sector. The analytical study has considered secondary data of all listed banks on the Dhaka Stock Exchange between 2013 to 2016. A multi-theoretical framework has been adopted in which the research is comprised of institutional, stakeholder, and legitimacy theories. Considering the analytical research, we have drawn-up a green reporting score and undertaken SWOT analysis. The results of the study have identified the narrow coverage of BB’s regulation and strategic limitations. Moreover, the findings of the study show that banking companies disclosed more green information in line with BB’s regulation. Furthermore, our analysis has found the lack of transparency of green reporting in terms of absent global reporting as well as external verification. Additionally, we have documented that BB’s regulation falls into a legitimacy threat owing to political, corporate, and social responsibility. Therefore, we concluded that for BB to overcome all possible weaknesses and threats, it should consider all possible opportunities for a holistic international reporting framework while taking into account a transparent financial sector.
Keywords	green reporting ; green banking ; GRI ; CSR ; developing country ; Bangladesh bank ; SWOT ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Effect of Employees’ Perceptions of CSR Activities on Employee Deviance

Yun Hyeok Choi / Jae Kyu Myung / Jong Dae Kim

Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 3, p

The Mediating Role of Anomie

2018 Volume 601

Abstract: This study hypothesizes that employees’ positive perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities at the individual level have a negative effect on employee deviance—a negative job-related behavior—and that anomie plays a mediating role in ...

Abstract	This study hypothesizes that employees’ positive perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities at the individual level have a negative effect on employee deviance—a negative job-related behavior—and that anomie plays a mediating role in this relationship. In order to verify the relationship, this study conducts an empirical analysis with a questionnaire survey on employees of firms that implement CSR activities at the company level. Based on Social identity theory, this study examines the causal relationship between the employees’ perceptions of CSR activities and their deviance, and mechanisms by which anomie decreases in the process. The findings are as follows. First, employees’ perceptions of CSR activities had a negative effect on employee deviance. Second, employees’ perceptions of CSR activities had a negative effect on anomie. Third, anomie had a positive effect on employee deviance. Fourth, anomie fully mediated the relationship between employees’ perceptions of CSR activities and employee deviance. This study is the first to document this relationship, which has great practical and academic significance, as it indicates the importance for companies to consider employees’ perceptions of CSR activities. In addition, the study identifies the mediating role of anomie as mentioned above. The results suggest that methodological considerations of CSR awareness enhancement at the company level be discussed more in depth, helping top management and middle managers understand that enhancing employees’ positive perceptions of CSR activities should be the first priority for reducing collective normlessness under the pressure of goal attainment and resolving ethical conflicts among employees.
Keywords	CSR activity ; anomie ; employee deviance ; legitimacy ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	650
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Cross-Country Investigation of Corporate Governance and Corporate Sustainability Disclosure

Seong Mi Bae / Md. Abdul Kaium Masud / Jong Dae Kim

Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 8, p

A Signaling Theory Perspective

2018 Volume 2611

Abstract: There is a dearth of research on corporate governance and total sustainability disclosure (economic, environmental, and social) in developing, particularly South Asian, countries. This is unique cross-country research on South Asian countries’ corporate ... ...

Abstract	There is a dearth of research on corporate governance and total sustainability disclosure (economic, environmental, and social) in developing, particularly South Asian, countries. This is unique cross-country research on South Asian countries’ corporate governance elements and total sustainability disclosure practices. The study considers a set of insightful theories, namely, the signaling and agency theories of understanding the motives and drivers of sustainability reporting. Based on data from the Global Reporting Initiative database, the study analyzes Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. We have collected annual report and sustainability reports from the GRI database for the period between 2009 and 2016. Based on the signaling and agency theories, the study investigates how board and shareholding structures convey signals to the market and different stakeholders. Our empirical results find that total sustainability disclosure has a positive and significant relationship with foreign shareholding, institutional shareholding, board independence, and board size. On the other hand, we document that director shareholding is negatively but significantly associated with total sustainability disclosure. Therefore, we conclude that corporate governance elements have very strong influential power to send positive signals to the market that lead to reduced information asymmetry and ensuring honest signals from different stakeholders.
Keywords	sustainability reporting ; corporate governance ; CSR ; signaling theory ; Bangladesh ; India ; Pakistan ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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