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Article ; Online: Monitoring of carbon monoxide in residences with bulk wood pellet storage in the Northeast United States.

Rossner, Alan / Jordan, Carolyn E / Wake, Cameron / Soto-Garcia, Lydia

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

2017 Volume 67, Issue 10, Page(s) 1066–1079

Abstract: The interest in biomass fuel is continuing to expand globally and in the northeastern United States as wood pellets are becoming a primary source of fuel for residential and small commercial systems. Wood pellets for boilers are often stored in basement ... ...

Abstract	The interest in biomass fuel is continuing to expand globally and in the northeastern United States as wood pellets are becoming a primary source of fuel for residential and small commercial systems. Wood pellets for boilers are often stored in basement storage rooms or large bag-type containers. Due to the enclosed nature of these storage areas, the atmosphere may exhibit increased levels of carbon monoxide. Serious accidents in Europe have been reported over the last decade in which high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) have been found in or near bulk pellet storage containers. The aim of this study was to characterize the CO concentrations in areas with indoor storage of bulk wood pellets. Data was obtained over approximately 7 months (December 2013 to June 2014) at 25 sites in New Hampshire and Massachusetts: 16 homes using wood pellet boilers with indoor pellet storage containers greater than or equal to 3 ton capacity; 4 homes with wood pellet heating systems with outdoor pellet storage; 4 homes using other heating fuels; and a university laboratory site. CO monitors were set up in homes to collect concentrations of CO in the immediate vicinity of wood pellet storage containers, and data were then compared to those of homes using fossil fuel systems. The homes monitored in this study provided a diverse set of housing stock spanning two and a half centuries of construction, with homes built from 1774 to 2013, representing a range of air exchange rates. The CO concentration data from each home was averaged hourly and then compared to a threshold of 9 ppm. While concentrations of CO were generally low for the homes studied, the need to properly design storage locations for pellets is and will remain a necessary component of wood pellet heating systems to minimize the risk of CO exposure. Implications: This paper is an assessment of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure from bulk wood pellet storage in homes in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Understanding the CO concentrations in homes allows for better designs for storage bins and ventilation for storage areas. Hence, uniform policies for stored wood pellets in homes, schools, and businesses can be framed to ensure occupant safety. Currently in New York State rebates for the installation of wood pellet boilers are only provided if the bulk pellet storage is outside of the home, yet states such as New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine currently do not have these restrictions.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Europe ; Heating/methods ; Housing ; Humans ; Massachusetts ; New Hampshire ; New York ; Ventilation ; Wood/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1003064-5
ISSN	2162-2906 ; 0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
ISSN (online)	2162-2906
ISSN	0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
DOI	10.1080/10962247.2017.1321054
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Book ; Online: Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea

Schlosser, Joseph / Stahl, Connor / Sorooshian, Armin / Le, Yen Thi-Hoang / Jeon, Ki-Joon / Xian, Peng / Jordan, Carolyn E. / Travis, Katherine R. / Crawford, James H. / Gong, Sung Yong / Shin, Hye-Jung / Song, In-Ho / Youn, Jong-sang

eISSN: 1680-7324

2022

Abstract: This study reports measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition at a site in Incheon along with other aerosol characteristics for contrast between Incheon (coastal) and Seoul (inland), South Korea, during a transboundary pollution event during the ... ...

Abstract	This study reports measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition at a site in Incheon along with other aerosol characteristics for contrast between Incheon (coastal) and Seoul (inland), South Korea, during a transboundary pollution event during the early part of an intensive sampling period between 4 and 11 March 2019. Anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over the study region between 4 and 6 March, with much smaller contributions from dust, smoke, and sea salt. Seoul exhibits higher PM 2.5 levels than Incheon due likely to local emissions and a meteorological set up (shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature) promoting local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic species, including atypically high nitrate (NO 3 - ) relative to sulfate (SO 4 2- ). The following findings point to secondary aerosol formation and growth sensitivity to water vapor during this pollution event: (i) significant concentrations of individual inorganic and organic acids in the supermicrometer range relative to their full size range (~40 %) at higher humidity; (ii) high correlation between oxalate and SO 4 2- (iii) increased sulfur and nitrogen oxidation ratios as a function of humidity; and (iv) matching composition apportionment (for soluble ions) between the PM 1 and PM 2.5-1 size fractions. The last finding confirms that PM 1 aerosol composition measurements fully capture PM 2.5 composition apportionment (for soluble ions) during haze events and, therefore, may be reliably applied in modeling studies of such events over the full PM 2.5 size range. The study period was marked by relatively low temperatures that made NO 3 - the most abundant species detected, pointing to the sensitivity of PM 2.5 levels and composition as a function of season during such transboundary events. For instance, other such events in previous studies exhibited more comparable levels between SO 4 2- and NO 3 - coincident with higher temperatures than the current study. This dataset can contribute to future evaluation of model PM 2.5 composition to better support regulatory efforts to control PM 2.5 precursors.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-14
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Comparison of Near-surface NO

Thompson, Anne M / Stauffer, Ryan M / Boyle, Tyler P / Kollonige, Debra E / Miyazaki, Kazuyuki / Tzortziou, Maria / Herman, Jay R / Abuhassan, Nader / Jordan, Carolyn E / Lamb, Brian T

Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres : JGR

2019 Volume 124, Issue 23, Page(s) 13560–13575

Abstract: Near-surface air quality (AQ) observations over coastal waters are scarce, a situation that limits our capacity to monitor pollution events at land-water interfaces. Satellite measurements of total column (TC) nitrogen dioxide ( ... ...

Abstract	Near-surface air quality (AQ) observations over coastal waters are scarce, a situation that limits our capacity to monitor pollution events at land-water interfaces. Satellite measurements of total column (TC) nitrogen dioxide (NO
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	710256-2
ISSN	2169-8996 ; 2169-897X ; 0148-0227
ISSN (online)	2169-8996
ISSN	2169-897X ; 0148-0227
DOI	10.1029/2019jd030765
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Book ; Online: Isotopic constraints on wildfire derived HONO

Chai, Jiajue / Dibb, Jack E. / Anderson, Bruce E. / Bekker, Claire / Blum, Danielle E. / Heim, Eric / Jordan, Carolyn E. / Joyce, Emily E. / Kaspari, Jackson H. / Munro, Hannah / Walters, Wendell W. / Hastings, Meredith G.

eISSN: 1680-7324

2021

Abstract: Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor to hydroxyl radical (OH) that determines atmospheric oxidative capacity and thus impacts climate and air quality. Wildfire is not only a major direct source of HONO, but it also results in highly polluted ... ...

Abstract	Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor to hydroxyl radical (OH) that determines atmospheric oxidative capacity and thus impacts climate and air quality. Wildfire is not only a major direct source of HONO, but it also results in highly polluted conditions that favour heterogeneous formation of HONO from nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) and nitrate on both ground and particle surfaces. However, these processes remain poorly constrained. To quantitatively constrain the HONO budget under various fire/smoke conditions, we combine a unique dataset of field concentrations and isotopic ratios ( 15 N/ 14 N and 18 O/ 16 O) of NO x and HONO, with an isotopic box model. Here we report the first isotopic evidence of secondary HONO production in near-ground wildfire plumes, and the subsequent quantification of relative importance of each pathway to total HONO production. Most importantly, our results reveal that nitrate photolysis plays a minor role (< 5 %) in HONO formation in daytime aged smoke, while photo-enhanced NO 2 -to-HONO heterogeneous conversion contributes 85–95 % to total HONO production, followed by OH+NO (5–15 %). In nighttime, heterogeneous reduction of NO 2 catalysed by redox active species (e.g., iron oxide and/or quinone) is essential (≥ 75 %) for HONO production in addition to surface NO 2 hydrolysis. Additionally, the 18 O/ 16 O of HONO is used for the first time to constrain the NO-to-NO 2 oxidation branching ratio between ozone and peroxy radicals. Our approach provides a new and critical way to mechanistically constrain atmospheric chemistry/air quality models.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-29
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Isotopic evidence for dominant secondary production of HONO in near-ground wildfire plumes

eISSN: 1680-7324

2021

Abstract	Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor to hydroxyl radical (OH) that determines atmospheric oxidative capacity and thus impacts climate and air quality. Wildfire is not only a major direct source of HONO, it also results in highly polluted conditions that favor the heterogeneous formation of HONO from nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) and nitrate on both ground and particle surfaces. However, these processes remain poorly constrained. To quantitatively constrain the HONO budget under various fire and/or smoke conditions, we combine a unique dataset of field concentrations and isotopic ratios ( 15 N <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mo>/</mo></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="93e47eb16cb371fe6916d3191efc4f1d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-13077-2021-ie00001.svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-13077-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> 14 N and 18 O <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mo>/</mo></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="fb147fccdcf98a9911cf3d26a8f6dc33"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-13077-2021-ie00002.svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-13077-2021-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> 16 O) of NO x and HONO with an isotopic box model. Here we report the first isotopic evidence of secondary HONO production in near-ground wildfire plumes (over a sample integration time of hours) and the subsequent quantification of the relative importance of each pathway to total HONO production. Most importantly, our results reveal that nitrate photolysis plays a minor role ( < 5 %) in HONO formation in daytime aged smoke, while NO 2 -to-HONO heterogeneous conversion contributes 85 %–95 % to total HONO production, followed by OH + NO (5 %–15 %). At nighttime, heterogeneous reduction of NO 2 catalyzed by redox active species (e.g., iron oxide and/or quinone) is essential ( ≥ 75 %) for HONO production in addition to surface NO 2 hydrolysis. Additionally, the 18 O <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mo>/</mo></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="62d2c8208bbdf49afb8db19c9f7b6b50"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-13077-2021-ie00003.svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-13077-2021-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> 16 O of HONO is used for the first time to constrain the NO-to-NO 2 oxidation branching ratio between ozone and peroxy radicals. Our approach provides a new and critical way to mechanistically constrain atmospheric chemistry and/or air quality models on a diurnal timescale.
Subject code	511 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-03
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Coupling an online ion conductivity measurement with the particle-into-liquid sampler: Evaluation and modeling using laboratory and field aerosol data.

Crosbie, Ewan / Shook, Michael A / Ziemba, Luke D / Anderson, Bruce E / Braun, Rachel A / Brown, Matthew D / Jordan, Carolyn E / MacDonald, Alexander B / Moore, Richard H / Nowak, John B / Robinson, Claire E / Shingler, Taylor / Sorooshian, Armin / Stahl, Connor / Thornhill, K Lee / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Winstead, Edward

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research

2020 Volume 54, Issue 12, Page(s) 1542–1555

Abstract: A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was coupled to a flow-through conductivity cell to provide a continuous, nondestructive, online measurement in support of offline ion chromatography analysis. The conductivity measurement provides a rapid assessment ... ...

Abstract	A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was coupled to a flow-through conductivity cell to provide a continuous, nondestructive, online measurement in support of offline ion chromatography analysis. The conductivity measurement provides a rapid assessment of the total ion concentration augmenting slower batch-sample data from offline analysis and is developed primarily to assist airborne measurements, where fast time-response is essential. A conductivity model was developed for measured ions and excellent closure was derived for laboratory-generated aerosols (97% conductivity explained, R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0278-6826
ISSN	0278-6826
DOI	10.1080/02786826.2020.1795499
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Article ; Online: Multi-campaign ship and aircraft observations of marine cloud condensation nuclei and droplet concentrations.

Sanchez, Kevin J / Painemal, David / Brown, Matthew D / Crosbie, Ewan C / Gallo, Francesca / Hair, Johnathan W / Hostetler, Chris A / Jordan, Carolyn E / Robinson, Claire E / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J / Shook, Michael A / Thornhill, Kenneth L / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Winstead, Edward L / Ziemba, Luke D / Chambers, Scott / Williams, Alastair / Humphries, Ruhi S /

Scientific data

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 471

Abstract: In-situ marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and CCN proxies, based on particle sizes and optical properties, are accumulated from seven field campaigns: ACTIVATE; NAAMES; ... ...

Abstract	In-situ marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and CCN proxies, based on particle sizes and optical properties, are accumulated from seven field campaigns: ACTIVATE; NAAMES; CAMP
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-023-02372-z
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Article: The Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field study.

Crawford, James H / Ahn, Joon-Young / Al-Saadi, Jassim / Chang, Limseok / Emmons, Louisa K / Kim, Jhoon / Lee, Gangwoong / Park, Jeong-Hoo / Park, Rokjin J / Woo, Jung Hun / Song, Chang-Keun / Hong, Ji-Hyung / Hong, You-Deog / Lefer, Barry L / Lee, Meehye / Lee, Taehyoung / Kim, Saewung / Min, Kyung-Eun / Yum, Seong Soo /

Shin, Hye Jung / Kim, Young-Woo / Choi, Jin-Soo / Park, Jin-Soo / Szykman, James J / Long, Russell W / Jordan, Carolyn E / Simpson, Isobel J / Fried, Alan / Dibb, Jack E / Cho, SeogYeon / Kim, Yong Pyo

Elementa (Washington, D.C.)

2021 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–27

Abstract: The Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field study was conducted during May-June 2016. The effort was jointly sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Research of South Korea and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of ... ...

Abstract	The Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field study was conducted during May-June 2016. The effort was jointly sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Research of South Korea and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States. KORUS-AQ offered an unprecedented, multi-perspective view of air quality conditions in South Korea by employing observations from three aircraft, an extensive ground-based network, and three ships along with an array of air quality forecast models. Information gathered during the study is contributing to an improved understanding of the factors controlling air quality in South Korea. The study also provided a valuable test bed for future air quality-observing strategies involving geostationary satellite instruments being launched by both countries to examine air quality throughout the day over Asia and North America. This article presents details on the KORUS-AQ observational assets, study execution, data products, and air quality conditions observed during the study. High-level findings from companion papers in this special issue are also summarized and discussed in relation to the factors controlling fine particle and ozone pollution, current emissions and source apportionment, and expectations for the role of satellite observations in the future. Resulting policy recommendations and advice regarding plans going forward are summarized. These results provide an important update to early feedback previously provided in a Rapid Science Synthesis Report produced for South Korean policy makers in 2017 and form the basis for the Final Science Synthesis Report delivered in 2020.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2745461-7
ISSN	2325-1026
ISSN	2325-1026
DOI	10.1525/elementa.2020.00163
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Book ; Online: North Atlantic Ocean SST-gradient-driven variations in aerosol and cloud evolution along Lagrangian cold-air outbreak trajectories

Sanchez, Kevin J. / Zhang, Bo / Liu, Hongyu / Brown, Matthew D. / Crosbie, Ewan C. / Gallo, Francesca / Hair, Johnathan W. / Hostetler, Chris A. / Jordan, Carolyn E. / Robinson, Claire E. / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J. / Shook, Michael A. / Thornhill, Kenneth L. / Wiggins, Elizabeth B. / Winstead, Edward L. / Ziemba, Luke D. / Saliba, Georges / Lewis, Savannah L. /

Russell, Lynn M. / Quinn, Patricia K. / Bates, Timothy S. / Porter, Jack / Bell, Thomas G. / Gaube, Peter / Saltzman, Eric S. / Behrenfeld, Michael J. / Moore, Richard H.

eISSN: 1680-7324

2022

Abstract: Atmospheric marine particle concentrations impact cloud properties, which strongly impact the amount of solar radiation reflected back into space or absorbed by the ocean surface. While satellites can provide a snapshot of current conditions at the ... ...

Abstract	Atmospheric marine particle concentrations impact cloud properties, which strongly impact the amount of solar radiation reflected back into space or absorbed by the ocean surface. While satellites can provide a snapshot of current conditions at the overpass time, models are necessary to simulate temporal variations in both particle and cloud properties. However, poor model accuracy limits the reliability with which these tools can be used to predict future climate. Here, we leverage the comprehensive ocean ecosystem and atmospheric aerosol–cloud dataset obtained during the third deployment of the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES3). Airborne and ship-based measurements were collected in and around a cold-air outbreak during a 3 d (where d stands for day) intensive operations period from 17–19 September 2017. Cold-air outbreaks are of keen interest for model validation because they are challenging to accurately simulate, which is due, in part, to the numerous feedbacks and sub-grid-scale processes that influence aerosol and cloud evolution. The NAAMES observations are particularly valuable because the flight plans were tailored to lie along Lagrangian trajectories, making it possible to spatiotemporally connect upwind and downwind measurements with the state-of-the-art FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) Lagrangian particle dispersion model and then calculate a rate of change in particle properties. Initial aerosol conditions spanning an east–west, closed-cell-to-clear-air transition region of the cold-air outbreak indicate similar particle concentrations and properties. However, despite the similarities in the aerosol fields, the cloud properties downwind of each region evolved quite differently. One trajectory carried particles through a cold-air outbreak, resulting in a decrease in accumulation mode particle concentration ( − 42 %) and cloud droplet concentrations, while the other remained outside of the cold-air outbreak and experienced an increase in accumulation mode particle concentrations ( + 62 %). The variable meteorological conditions between these two adjacent trajectories result from differences in the local sea surface temperature in the Labrador Current and surrounding waters, altering the stability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Further comparisons of historical satellite observations indicate that the observed pattern occurs annually in the region, making it an ideal location for future airborne Lagrangian studies tracking the evolution of aerosols and clouds over time under cold-air outbreak conditions.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-02
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: North Atlantic Ocean–Atmosphere Driven Variations in Aerosol Evolution along Lagrangian Cold-Air Outbreak Trajectories

Sanchez, Kevin J. / Zhang, Bo / Liu, Hongyu / Brown, Matthew D. / Crosbie, Ewan C. / Gallo, Francesca / Hair, Jonathan W. / Hostetler, Chris A. / Jordan, Carolyn E. / Robinson, Claire E. / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J. / Shook, Michael A. / Thornhill, Kenneth L. / Wiggins, Elizabeth B. / Winstead, Edward L. / Ziemba, Luke D. / Saliba, Georges / Lewis, Savannah L. /

Russell, Lynn M. / Quinn, Patricia K. / Bates, Timothy S. / Porter, Jack / Bell, Thomas G. / Gaube, Peter / Saltzman, Eric S. / Behrenfeld, Michael J. / Moore, Richard H.

eISSN: 1680-7324

2021

Abstract	Atmospheric marine particle concentrations impact cloud properties, which strongly impact the amount of solar radiation reflected back into space or absorbed by the ocean surface. While satellites can provide a snapshot of current conditions at the overpass time, models are necessary to simulate temporal variations in both particle and cloud properties. However, poor model accuracy limits the reliability with which these tools can be used to predict future climate. Here, we leverage the comprehensive ocean ecosystem and atmospheric aerosol-cloud data set obtained during the third deployment of the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES3). Airborne and ship-based measurements were collected in and around a cold-air outbreak during a three-day intensive operations period from September 17–19, 2017. Cold-air outbreaks are of keen interest for model validation because they are challenging to accurately simulate, which is due, in part, to the numerous feedbacks and sub-grid scale processes that influence aerosol and cloud evolution. The NAAMES observations are particularly valuable because the flight plans were tailored to lie along Lagrangian trajectories, making it possible to spatiotemporally connect upwind and downwind measurements with the state-of-the-art FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) Lagrangian particle dispersion model and then calculate a rate of change in particle properties. Initial aerosol conditions spanning an east-west, closed-cell cloudy to clear air transition region of the cold-air outbreak indicate similar particle concentrations and properties. However, despite the similarities in the aerosol fields, the cloud properties downwind of each region evolved quite differently. One trajectory carried particles through a cold-air outbreak, resulting in a decrease in accumulation mode particle concentration (−42 %) and cloud droplet concentrations, while the other remained outside of the cold-air outbreak and experienced an increase in accumulation mode particle concentrations (+62 %). The variable meteorological conditions between these two adjacent trajectories result from differences in the local sea surface temperature altering stability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer because of the location of the Labrador Current. Further comparisons of historical satellite observations indicate that the observed pattern occurs annually in the region, making it an ideal location for future airborne Lagrangian studies tracking the evolution of aerosols and clouds over time under cold air outbreak conditions.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-11
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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