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  1. Book ; Online: Blame It On the WTO: A Human Rights Critique

    Joseph, Sarah

    2013  

    Abstract: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is often accused of, at best, not paying enough attention to human rights or, at worst, facilitating and perpetuating human rights abuses. This book weighs these criticisms and examines their validity, incorporating ... ...

    Abstract The World Trade Organization (WTO) is often accused of, at best, not paying enough attention to human rights or, at worst, facilitating and perpetuating human rights abuses. This book weighs these criticisms and examines their validity, incorporating legal arguments as well as some economic and political science perspectives. After introducing the respective WTO and human rights regimes, and discussing their legal and normative relationship to each other, the book presents a detailed analysis of the main human rights concerns relating to the WTO. These include the alleged democratic deficit within the Organization and the impact of WTO rules on the right to health, labour rights, the right to food, and on questions of poverty and development. Given that some of the most important issues within the WTO concern its impact on poor people within developing States, the book asks whether rich States have an obligation to the people of poorer States to construct a fairer trading system that better facilitates the alleviation of poverty and development. Against this background, the book examines the current Doha round proposals as well as suggestions for reform of the WTO to make it more 'human rights-friendly'
    Keywords Law of nations ; Economic theory. Demography ; International relations
    Size 1 electronic resource (327 p.)
    Publisher Oxford University Press
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020088077
    ISBN 9780199689767 ; 0199689768
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Analyzing drivers of organic food sales-A pooled spatial data analysis for Hamburg (Germany).

    Joseph, Sarah / Friedrich, Hanno

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0285377

    Abstract: Shifting the food system to a more sustainable one requires changes on both sides of the supply chain, with the consumer playing a key role. Therefore, understanding the factors that positively correlate with increased organic food sales over time for an ...

    Abstract Shifting the food system to a more sustainable one requires changes on both sides of the supply chain, with the consumer playing a key role. Therefore, understanding the factors that positively correlate with increased organic food sales over time for an entire population can help guide policymakers, industry, and research to increase this transition further. Using a statistical approach, we developed a spatial pooled cross-sectional model to analyze factors that positively correlate with an increased demand for organic food sales over 20 years (1999-2019) for an entire region (the city-state of Hamburg, Germany), accounting for spatial effects through the spatial error model, spatially lagged X model, and spatial Durbin error model. The results indicated that voting behavior strongly correlated with increased organic food sales over time. Specifically, areas with a higher number of residents that voted for a political party with a core focus on environmental issues, the Greens and the Left Party in Germany. However, there is a stronger connection with the more "radical" Left Party than with the "mainstream" Green Party, which may provide evidence for the attitude-behavior gap, as Left Party supporters are very convinced of their attitudes (pro-environment) and behavior thus follows. By including time and space, this analysis is the first to summarize developments over time for a metropolitan population while accounting for spatial effects and identifying areas for targeted marketing that need further motivation to increase organic food sales.
    MeSH term(s) Food, Organic ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Commerce ; Marketing ; Data Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0285377
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: International Human Rights Law and the Response to the covid-19 Pandemic

    Joseph, Sarah

    Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies

    2020  , Page(s) 1–21

    Abstract: Abstract States have duties under Article 12(2)(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to prevent, control and treat covid -19. Implementation of ... ...

    Abstract Abstract States have duties under Article 12(2)(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to prevent, control and treat covid -19. Implementation of these three obligations is analysed, taking account of countervailing human rights considerations. Regarding prevention , lockdowns designed to stop the spread of the virus are examined. Control measures are then discussed, namely transparency measures, quarantine, testing and tracing. The human rights compatibility of treatment measures, namely the provision of adequate medical and hospital care (or the failure to do so), are then examined. Finally, derogations from human rights treaties in times of pubic emergency are discussed.
    Keywords Law ; covid19
    Publisher Brill
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2544130-9
    ISSN 1878-1527 ; 1878-1373
    ISSN (online) 1878-1527
    ISSN 1878-1373
    DOI 10.1163/18781527-bja10004
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: COVID 19 and Human Rights

    Joseph, Sarah

    SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

    Past, Present and Future

    2020  

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3574491
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Nonsuppressible viremia during HIV-1 therapy meets molecular virology.

    Emery, Ann / Joseph, Sarah B / Swanstrom, Ronald

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 6

    Abstract: HIV-1 replication can be suppressed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), but individuals who stop taking ART soon become viremic again. Some people experience extended times of detectable viremia despite optimal adherence to ART. In this issue of the JCI, ... ...

    Abstract HIV-1 replication can be suppressed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), but individuals who stop taking ART soon become viremic again. Some people experience extended times of detectable viremia despite optimal adherence to ART. In this issue of the JCI, White, Wu, and coauthors elucidate a source of nonsuppressible viremia (NSV) in treatment-adherent patients - clonally expanded T cells harboring HIV-1 proviruses with small deletions or mutations in the 5'-leader, the UTR that includes the major splice donor site of viral RNA. These mutations altered viral RNA-splicing efficiency and RNA dimerization and packaging, yet still allowed production of detectable levels of noninfectious virus particles. These particles lacked the HIV-1 Env surface protein required for cell entry and failed to form the mature capsid cone required for infectivity. These studies improve our understanding of NSV and the regulation of viral functions in the 5'-leader with implications for rationalized care in individuals with NSV.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; HIV-1/physiology ; Viremia/drug therapy ; Proviruses/genetics ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Viral Load
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI167925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Dermatology e-consult at a county hospital: pilot review.

    Joseph, Sarah M / Aspey, Laura / Chisolm, Sarah

    Dermatology online journal

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 1

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dermatology ; Hospitals, County ; Referral and Consultation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2026239-5
    ISSN 1087-2108 ; 1087-2108
    ISSN (online) 1087-2108
    ISSN 1087-2108
    DOI 10.5070/D329160223
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Melatonin supplementation for the prevention of hospital-associated delirium.

    Joseph, Sarah Gabrielle

    The mental health clinician

    2018  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) 143–146

    Abstract: Characterized by acute alterations in cognition or consciousness, delirium is a transient neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in a large percentage of hospitalized patients. Delirium is a robust predictor of increased morbidity, mortality, and health ...

    Abstract Characterized by acute alterations in cognition or consciousness, delirium is a transient neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in a large percentage of hospitalized patients. Delirium is a robust predictor of increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs, especially when diagnosed in the critical care setting. Although the exact pathogenesis behind delirium has yet to be defined, disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle are a core feature. Currently, no pharmacologic interventions are recommended for delirium prophylaxis. Due to the role of melatonin in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, its use in delirium has been investigated in recent years. Objective data has shown altered serum levels of melatonin and its precursor, tryptophan, in patients with delirium, further suggesting a correlation between melatonin and delirium. This article examines the available evidence and discusses considerations surrounding melatonin supplementation for the prevention of hospital-associated delirium.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2168-9709
    ISSN (online) 2168-9709
    DOI 10.9740/mhc.2017.07.143
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis in HIV Infection.

    Perkins, Megan V / Joseph, Sarah B / Dittmer, Dirk P / Mackman, Nigel

    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 175–191

    Abstract: HIV infection has transitioned from an acute, fatal disease to a chronic one managed by antiretroviral therapy. Thus, the aging population of people living with HIV (PLWH) continues to expand. HIV infection results in a dysregulated immune system, ... ...

    Abstract HIV infection has transitioned from an acute, fatal disease to a chronic one managed by antiretroviral therapy. Thus, the aging population of people living with HIV (PLWH) continues to expand. HIV infection results in a dysregulated immune system, wherein CD4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Inflammation/complications ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Thrombosis/complications ; Atherosclerosis/epidemiology ; Atherosclerosis/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1221433-4
    ISSN 1524-4636 ; 1079-5642
    ISSN (online) 1524-4636
    ISSN 1079-5642
    DOI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318232
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1705: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: A novel high-throughput microwell outgrowth assay for HIV-infected cells.

    Fenton, Anthony D / Archin, Nancie / Turner, Anne-Marie / Joseph, Sarah / Moeser, Matthew / Margolis, David M / Browne, Edward P

    Journal of virology

    2024  Volume 98, Issue 3, Page(s) e0179823

    Abstract: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective at suppressing HIV replication, a viral reservoir persists that can reseed infection if ART is interrupted. Curing HIV will require elimination or containment of this reservoir, but the size of the HIV ... ...

    Abstract Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective at suppressing HIV replication, a viral reservoir persists that can reseed infection if ART is interrupted. Curing HIV will require elimination or containment of this reservoir, but the size of the HIV reservoir is highly variable between individuals. To evaluate the size of the HIV reservoir, several assays have been developed, including PCR-based assays for viral DNA, the intact proviral DNA assay, and the quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA). QVOA is the gold standard assay for measuring inducible replication-competent proviruses, but this assay is technically challenging and time-consuming. To begin progress toward a more rapid and less laborious tool for quantifying cells infected with replication-competent HIV, we developed the Microwell Outgrowth Assay, in which infected CD4 T cells are co-cultured with an HIV-detecting reporter cell line in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polystyrene array of nanoliter-sized wells. Transmission of HIV from infected cells to the reporter cell line induces fluorescent reporter protein expression that is detected by automated scanning across the array. Using this approach, we were able to detect HIV-infected cells from ART-naïve people with HIV (PWH) and from PWH on ART with large reservoirs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that infected cells can be recovered from individual rafts and used to analyze the diversity of viral sequences. Although additional development and optimization will be required for quantifying the reservoir in PWH with small latent reservoirs, this assay may be a useful prototype for microwell assays of infected cells.IMPORTANCEMeasuring the size of the HIV reservoir in people with HIV (PWH) will be important for determining the impact of HIV cure strategies. However, measuring this reservoir is challenging. We report a new method for quantifying HIV-infected cells that involves culturing cells from PWH in an array of microwells with a cell line that detects HIV infection. We show that this approach can detect rare HIV-infected cells and derive detailed virus sequence information for each infected cell.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Cell Line ; DNA, Viral ; HIV Infections/virology ; Proviruses/genetics ; Viral Load ; Virus Latency ; Virology/methods
    Chemical Substances DNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/jvi.01798-23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 609: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Evolution of Host Target Cell Specificity During HIV-1 Infection.

    Council, Olivia D / Joseph, Sarah B

    Current HIV research

    2018  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–20

    Abstract: Background: Many details of HIV-1 molecular virology have been translated into lifesaving antiviral drugs. Yet, we have an incomplete understanding of the cells in which HIV-1 replicates in untreated individuals and persists in during antiretroviral ... ...

    Abstract Background: Many details of HIV-1 molecular virology have been translated into lifesaving antiviral drugs. Yet, we have an incomplete understanding of the cells in which HIV-1 replicates in untreated individuals and persists in during antiretroviral therapy.
    Methods: In this review we discuss how viral entry phenotypes have been characterized and the insights they have revealed about the target cells supporting HIV-1 replication. In addition, we will examine whether some HIV-1 variants have the ability to enter cells lacking CD4 (such as astrocytes) and the role that trans-infection plays in HIV-1 replication.
    Results: HIV-1 entry into a target cell is determined by whether the viral receptor (CD4) and the coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) are expressed on that cell. Sustained HIV-1 replication in a cell type can produce viral lineages that are tuned to the CD4 density and coreceptor expressed on those cells; a fact that allows us to use Env protein entry phenotypes to infer information about the cells in which a viral lineage has been replicating and adapting.
    Conclusion: We now recognize that HIV-1 variants can be divided into three classes representing the primary target cells of HIV-1; R5 T cell-tropic variants that are adapted to entering memory CD4+ T cells, X4 T cell-tropic variants that are adapted to entering naïve CD4+ T cells and Mtropic variants that are adapted to entering macrophages and possibly other cells that express low levels of CD4. While much progress has been made, the relative contribution that infection of different cell subsets makes to viral pathogenesis and persistence is still being unraveled.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; HIV Infections/genetics ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/metabolism ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages/virology ; Viral Tropism
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2192348-6
    ISSN 1873-4251 ; 1570-162X
    ISSN (online) 1873-4251
    ISSN 1570-162X
    DOI 10.2174/1570162X16666171222105721
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6102: Show issues Location:
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