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  1. Article ; Online: A Review of Monitoring Techniques for Livestock Respiration and Sounds

    Divya Handa / Joshua M. Peschel

    Frontiers in Animal Science, Vol

    2022  Volume 3

    Abstract: This article reviews the different techniques used to monitor the respiration and sounds of livestock. Livestock respiration is commonly assessed visually by observing abdomen fluctuation; however, the traditional methods are time consuming, subjective, ... ...

    Abstract This article reviews the different techniques used to monitor the respiration and sounds of livestock. Livestock respiration is commonly assessed visually by observing abdomen fluctuation; however, the traditional methods are time consuming, subjective, being therefore impractical for large-scale operations and must rely on automation. Contact and non-contact technologies are used to automatically monitor respiration rate; contact technologies (e.g., accelerometers, pressure sensors, and thermistors) utilize sensors that are physically mounted on livestock while non-contact technologies (e.g., computer vision, thermography, and sound analysis) enable a non-invasive method of monitoring respiration. This work summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of contact and non-contact technologies and discusses the emerging role of non-contact sensors in automating monitoring for large-scale farming operations. This work is the first in-depth examination of automated monitoring technologies for livestock respiratory diseases; the findings and recommendations are important for livestock researchers and practitioners who can gain a better understanding of these different technologies, especially emerging non-contact sensing.
    Keywords respiration ; livestock ; sensors ; precision livestock farming ; animal production and health ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Visual Sensor Placement Optimization with 3D Animation for Cattle Health Monitoring in a Confined Operation

    Abdullah All Sourav / Joshua M. Peschel

    Animals, Vol 12, Iss 1181, p

    2022  Volume 1181

    Abstract: Computer vision has been extensively used for livestock welfare monitoring in recent years, and data collection with a sensor or camera is the first part of the complete workflow. While current practice in computer vision-based animal welfare monitoring ... ...

    Abstract Computer vision has been extensively used for livestock welfare monitoring in recent years, and data collection with a sensor or camera is the first part of the complete workflow. While current practice in computer vision-based animal welfare monitoring often analyzes data collected from a sensor or camera mounted on the roof or ceiling of a laboratory, such camera placement is not always viable in a commercial confined cattle feeding environment. This study therefore sought to determine the optimal camera placement locations in a confined steer feeding operation. Measurements of cattle pens were used to create a 3D farm model using Blender 3D computer graphic software. In the first part of this study, a method was developed to calculate the camera coverage in a 3D farm environment, and in the next stage, a genetic algorithm-based model was designed for finding optimal placements of a multi-camera and multi-pen setup. The algorithm’s objective was to maximize the multi-camera coverage while minimizing budget. Two different optimization methods involving multiple cameras and pen combinations were used. The results demonstrated the applicability of the genetic algorithm in achieving the maximum coverage and thereby enhancing the quality of the livestock visual-sensing data. The algorithm also provided the top 25 solutions for each camera and pen combination with a maximum coverage difference of less than 3.5% between them, offering numerous options for the farm manager.
    Keywords livestock monitoring ; camera coverage optimization ; sensor placement ; genetic algorithm ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 620
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: A GIS-based tool for bioaccumulation risk analysis and its application to study polychlorinated biphenyls in the Great Lakes

    Fernanda P. Maciel / Joshua M. Peschel

    AIMS Environmental Science, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 23

    Abstract: This paper presents a GIS-based tool named Arc-BEST (Bioaccumulation Evaluation Screening Tool) to perform spatially distributed bioaccumulation risk analyses. Estimating bioaccumulation risk is important to help predict potentially adverse effects from ... ...

    Abstract This paper presents a GIS-based tool named Arc-BEST (Bioaccumulation Evaluation Screening Tool) to perform spatially distributed bioaccumulation risk analyses. Estimating bioaccumulation risk is important to help predict potentially adverse effects from contaminants on ecosystems and human health, which are key factors in the development of sound public policy. Arc-BEST is based on the BEST model in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers BRAMS (Bioaccumulation Risk Assessment Modeling System) software, released in 2012. It predicts concentration of concern contaminants in predators’ tissues from concentrations in organisms at the bottom of the food chain, and corresponding bioaccumulation factors. Additionally, it estimates carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for humans that consume those species. The greatest contribution of Arc-BEST is that it enables the automated use of digital spatial data sets, which improves model creation speed, analysis and visualization of results, and comparison and cross-referencing with other geographic datasets. Furthermore, the model was improved to consider up to four trophic levels. The code is written in Python and is open-source. In this work Arc-BEST is used as part of a screening-level risk assessment process in order to identify hot spots where further studies and monitoring should be performed to ensure humans and ecosystems health. The tool is successfully applied to a case study in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where long-term effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is performed, based on measured concentrations in zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha ), and local bioaccumulation factors from previous studies. Zebra mussels have a great filtration capacity and high bioconcentration rates, increasing the bioavailability of contaminants for predator species. PCBs concentrations in different-level predators are predicted. Furthermore, health risks for humans that consume sport fish are estimated for various exposure scenarios. The distribution of the risks in the lakes is ...
    Keywords bioaccumulation ; risk analysis ; GIS ; PCBs ; Great Lakes ; zebra mussels ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 333 ; 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AIMS Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Integrating water resources and power generation: The energy–water nexus in Illinois

    DeNooyer, Tyler A / Ashlynn S. Stillwell / Joshua M. Peschel / Zhenxing Zhang

    Applied energy. 2016 Jan. 15, v. 162

    2016  

    Abstract: Thermoelectric power plants contribute 90% of the electricity generated in the United States. Steam condensation in the power generation cycle creates a need for cooling, often accomplished using large amounts of water. These large water requirements can ...

    Abstract Thermoelectric power plants contribute 90% of the electricity generated in the United States. Steam condensation in the power generation cycle creates a need for cooling, often accomplished using large amounts of water. These large water requirements can lead to negative consequences of power plants dialing down or shutting down during times of low water availability. Consequently, water constraints can translate into energy constraints. Projected future population growth and changing climate conditions might also increase the competition for water in many areas, motivating a resource accounting analysis to both establish a baseline of current water requirements and simulate possible impacts from future water and energy management decisions. Our analysis of the current water demands for power generation, focused on the state of Illinois, combined existing digital spatial datasets with engineering basic principles to synthesize a geographic information systems (GIS) model of current and projected water demand for thermoelectric power plants. We evaluated two potential future cases based on water use implications: (1) a shift in fuel from coal to natural gas, and (2) a shift in cooling technology from open-loop to closed-loop cooling. Our results show that a shift from coal-generated to natural gas-generated electricity could decrease statewide water consumption by 0.10billionm3/yr (32% decrease) and withdrawal by 7.9billionm3/yr (37% decrease), on average. A shift from open-loop to closed-loop cooling technologies could decrease withdrawals by an average of 21billionm3/yr (96% decrease), with the tradeoff of increasing statewide water consumption for power generation by 0.18billionm3/yr (58% increase). Furthermore, we performed an economic analysis of retrofitting open-loop cooling systems to closed-loop cooling, revealing an annual cost between $0.58 and $1.3billion to retrofit the 22 open-loop cooling plants considered, translating to an effective water price between $0.03 and $0.06/m3. The synergies and tradeoffs between water resources and power generation yield interesting implications for integrated decision making and policy in Illinois and elsewhere.
    Keywords climate change ; closed loop systems ; coal ; cooling ; cooling systems ; decision making ; electricity ; energy ; energy use and consumption ; engineering ; geographic information systems ; issues and policy ; models ; natural gas ; population growth ; power generation ; power plants ; prices ; spatial data ; steam ; water resources ; Illinois
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0115
    Size p. 363-371.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2000772-3
    ISSN 0306-2619
    ISSN 0306-2619
    DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.071
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: The Green Experiment

    Christopher M. Chini / James F. Canning / Kelsey L. Schreiber / Joshua M. Peschel / Ashlynn S. Stillwell

    Sustainability, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

    Cities, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Sustainability

    2017  Volume 105

    Abstract: Green infrastructure is a unique combination of economic, social, and environmental goals and benefits that requires an adaptable framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating. In this study, we propose an experimental framework for policy, ... ...

    Abstract Green infrastructure is a unique combination of economic, social, and environmental goals and benefits that requires an adaptable framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating. In this study, we propose an experimental framework for policy, implementation, and subsequent evaluation of green stormwater infrastructure within the context of sociotechnical systems and urban experimentation. Sociotechnical systems describe the interaction of complex systems with quantitative and qualitative impacts. Urban experimentation—traditionally referencing climate change programs and their impacts—is a process of evaluating city programs as if in a laboratory setting with hypotheses and evaluated results. We combine these two concepts into a singular framework creating a policy feedback cycle (PFC) for green infrastructure to evaluate municipal green infrastructure plans as an experimental process within the context of a sociotechnical system. After proposing and discussing the PFC, we utilize the tool to research and evaluate the green infrastructure programs of 27 municipalities across the United States. Results indicate that green infrastructure plans should incorporate community involvement and communication, evaluation based on project motivation, and an iterative process for knowledge production. We suggest knowledge brokers as a key resource in connecting the evaluation stage of the feedback cycle to the policy phase. We identify three important needs for green infrastructure experimentation: (i) a fluid definition of green infrastructure in policy; (ii) maintenance and evaluation components of a green infrastructure plan; and (iii) communication of the plan to the community.
    Keywords green infrastructure ; urban water policy ; urban experiments ; sociotechnical systems ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 710 ; 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: At the Intersection of Industry, Academia, and Government

    Brett C. Ramirez / Hongwei Xin / Patrick G. Halbur / Donald H. Beermann / Stephanie L. Hansen / Daniel C. L. Linhares / Joshua M. Peschel / Christopher J. Rademacher / James M. Reecy / Jason W. Ross / Timothy A. Shepherd / James E. Koltes

    Animals, Vol 9, Iss 9, p

    How Do We Facilitate Productive Precision Livestock Farming in Practice?

    2019  Volume 635

    Abstract: This commentary is a comprehensive synthesis of ideas generated from a workshop, hosted by Iowa State University, encompassing precision livestock farming (PLF) research and applications for industry−academia. The goal of this workshop was to demonstrate ...

    Abstract This commentary is a comprehensive synthesis of ideas generated from a workshop, hosted by Iowa State University, encompassing precision livestock farming (PLF) research and applications for industry−academia. The goal of this workshop was to demonstrate existing institution research and strategically propel further PLF development and industry adoption. Six key thematic areas were identified from participant discussion: sensors and algorithms, implementation, economic feasibility, data, rural and societal impacts, and education and training. These themes were used to focus discussion on identifying the new knowledge needed to drive implementation and examine current and future challenges of implementing PLF. At the convergence of industry and academia sits a unique opportunity to create mutually beneficial relationships that accomplish the individual needs of all parties. Productive PLF is currently hindered by numerous technical and non-technical challenges, but an increasing demand and optimistic outlook may result in rapid producer adoption. To foster harmonious partnerships among industry, academia, and government, a nexus at the intersection of multiple disciplines and basic/applied sciences is needed to thrust future success.
    Keywords sensors ; algorithms ; implementation ; economic feasibility ; big data ; rural and societal impacts ; education and training ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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